CN-122007852-A - Automatic assembly equipment and method for one-way clutch

CN122007852ACN 122007852 ACN122007852 ACN 122007852ACN-122007852-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of assembly of one-way clutches, in particular to an automatic assembly device of one-way clutches and an assembly method thereof, and the technical scheme is that the automatic assembly device comprises a double-adsorption-table rack, a self-adaptive flexible internal support feeding unit and an intelligent flexible press-fitting unit; the self-adaptive flexible internal support feeding unit comprises a servo sliding mechanism, the servo sliding mechanism comprises a vertical electric sliding table, a crawler type internal support clamp holder is arranged on the vertical electric sliding table, the crawler type internal support clamp holder comprises a central telescopic driving mechanism, a plurality of flexible crawler modules distributed along the circumferential direction and a locking executing mechanism, and the self-adaptive flexible internal support feeding unit has the beneficial effects that the self-adaptive flexible internal support clamping unit is adaptive to a modularized preassembling assembly, realizes the integral efficient implantation of the modularized preassembling assembly by grabbing and accurately implanting the whole assembly at one time, shortens the assembly time of a single piece by more than 50%, remarkably improves the consistency and the production efficiency of products, and provides a brand-new process route for large-scale automatic production.

Inventors

CHEN JIAYUN
TIAN LI
JIANG HUI
XUAN HAO

Assignees

上海振华轴承总厂有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260413

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a one-way clutch automatic assembly equipment, includes two absorption platform frames, flexible internal stay material loading unit of self-adaptation and intelligent flexible pressure equipment unit, its characterized in that: The double-absorption table rack comprises a working platform, a back plate is arranged on the back of the working platform, a lower layer rack is arranged at the bottom of the working platform, an assembly table is arranged on one side of the top, a pre-assembly positioning component is arranged on the other side of the top, the pre-assembly positioning component comprises a pre-assembly rotary table, a pre-assembly vacuum adsorption mechanism is arranged below the pre-assembly rotary table, an inner ring and outer ring positioning component of a bearing is arranged on the assembly table, the inner ring and outer ring positioning component of the bearing comprises a total assembly positioning table, a total assembly vacuum adsorption mechanism is arranged below the total assembly positioning table, an upper layer rack is arranged on the back plate, and the upper layer rack is arranged right above the assembly table; The self-adaptive flexible internal support feeding unit comprises a servo sliding mechanism, the servo sliding mechanism comprises a vertical electric sliding table, a crawler type internal support clamp holder is arranged on the vertical electric sliding table, the crawler type internal support clamp holder comprises a central telescopic driving mechanism, a plurality of flexible crawler modules distributed along the circumferential direction and a locking executing mechanism, the flexible crawler modules comprise internal support sliding blocks, the front ends of the internal support sliding blocks are rotatably provided with miniature external tooth rollers, and the miniature external tooth rollers are sleeved with internal tooth belts; The intelligent flexible press-fitting unit comprises a servo electric press-fitting propeller, the servo electric press-fitting propeller is arranged on an upper frame, a press-fitting rod is arranged at the output end of the servo electric press-fitting propeller, an intelligent flexible press-fitting head is arranged at the lower end of the press-fitting rod, the intelligent flexible press-fitting head comprises a flexible air bag, and an air pressure sensor is arranged inside the flexible air bag.
2. The automatic assembly equipment of the one-way clutch according to claim 1, wherein the servo sliding mechanism comprises a transverse servo electric sliding seat, the transverse servo electric sliding seat is arranged on the back plate, a transverse electric sliding table is arranged on the transverse servo electric sliding seat in a sliding mode, a vertical servo electric sliding seat is arranged on the transverse electric sliding seat, and a vertical electric sliding table is arranged on the vertical servo electric sliding seat in a sliding mode.
3. The automatic assembly equipment of the one-way clutch according to claim 2, wherein the central telescopic driving mechanism comprises a screw shell, the screw shell is fixedly arranged on a vertical electric sliding table, an inner support end is arranged at the lower end of the screw shell, a screw motor is arranged at the upper end of the screw shell, a screw is arranged at the output end of the lower end of the screw motor, the screw penetrates through the screw shell downwards and extends into the inner support end, an eight-edge sliding block is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the inner support end, the eight-edge sliding block is threadedly sleeved on the outer wall of the screw, sliding grooves are formed in the periphery of the inner support end, a plurality of inner support sliding blocks are slidably arranged in the sliding grooves in the periphery of the inner support end respectively, connecting rods are rotatably arranged around the eight-edge sliding blocks, and the lower ends of the connecting rods are rotatably connected with the inner support sliding blocks.
4. The automatic assembly equipment of the one-way clutch according to claim 3, wherein the locking actuating mechanism comprises an air pump, the air pump is installed on the vertical electric sliding table, a diversion inner cavity is formed in the upper end of the screw shell, an air injection pipe is installed between the output end of the air pump and the diversion inner cavity, a cavity is formed in the inner supporting sliding block, a shunt pipe is connected between the diversion inner cavity and the inner supporting sliding block cavity, a return spring is installed in the inner supporting sliding block cavity, a sliding rod is installed at the front end of the return spring, the sliding rod is installed in the cavity in a sliding mode, an inner supporting sliding block extends out of the front end of the sliding rod and is fixedly provided with a locking toothed plate, tooth grooves are formed in the surface of the locking toothed plate, and tooth grooves on the surface of the locking toothed plate can be embedded with micro teeth on the surface of the miniature outer toothed roller.
5. The automatic assembly equipment of the one-way clutch according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent flexible press-fitting head comprises a C-shaped support, the C-shaped support is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the pressing rod, a plurality of limit-shaped frameworks are annularly arranged at the bottom of the C-shaped support, the flexible air bags are adhesively arranged at the bottom of the limit-shaped frameworks, the air pressure sensor is arranged at the top of the limit-shaped frameworks, and the sensing head at the lower end of the air pressure sensor extends downwards into the flexible air bags.
6. The automatic assembly equipment for the one-way clutch is characterized in that the preassembly turntable is rotatably arranged on a working platform, a plurality of balls are respectively arranged at the bottom of the preassembly turntable, an annular groove for the balls to roll is formed in the surface of the working platform, a boss is arranged in the center of the top of the preassembly turntable, a wedge retainer can be sleeved on the boss at the top of the preassembly turntable, a plurality of grooves capable of being attached to the wedge are formed in the outer surface of the boss of the preassembly turntable, vacuum cavities are formed in the preassembly turntable and the bottom of the total assembly positioning table, a plurality of first adsorption holes communicated with the vacuum cavities are formed in the surface of the preassembly turntable, and a plurality of second adsorption holes communicated with the vacuum cavities are formed in the surface of the total assembly positioning table.
7. The automatic assembly equipment of the one-way clutch according to claim 6, wherein the preassembly vacuum adsorption mechanism comprises a first vacuum pump cabin, the first vacuum pump cabin is installed at the bottom of the working platform, the upper end of the first vacuum pump cabin is communicated with a vacuum cavity at the bottom of the preassembly turntable, a first servo electric propeller is installed at the lower end of the first vacuum pump cabin, a first pump rod is installed at the output end of the first servo electric propeller, and the upper end of the first pump rod is inserted into the lower end of the first vacuum pump cabin.
8. The automatic assembly equipment for the one-way clutch of claim 6, wherein the final assembly vacuum adsorption mechanism comprises a second vacuum pump cabin, the second vacuum pump cabin is installed at the bottom of the assembly table, the upper end of the second vacuum pump cabin is communicated with a vacuum cavity at the bottom of the final assembly positioning table, a second servo electric propeller is installed at the lower end of the second vacuum pump cabin, a second pump rod is installed at the output end of the second servo electric propeller, and the upper end of the second pump rod is inserted into the lower end of the second vacuum pump cabin.
9. The automatic assembly equipment for the one-way clutch of claim 1, wherein the upper frame is provided with a central control screen on the front surface, the lower frame is internally provided with a power supply and a central control box, and the central control box, the power supply and the central control screen are electrically connected with each other.
10. A method for assembling an automatic assembly device for a one-way clutch according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising S1 to S5 S1, arranging rolling bodies at the bottoms of grooves of inner and outer rings of a bearing in advance, pressing a rolling body retainer between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing and combining the rolling bodies which are uniformly distributed to form a combined semi-finished product, installing a first sealing ring on the bottom surface of the combined semi-finished product, reserving a wedge block installation channel on the top surface, then placing the combined semi-finished product on a general assembly positioning table, starting a general assembly vacuum adsorption mechanism to manufacture vacuum in a vacuum cavity at the bottom of the general assembly positioning table, and adsorbing and positioning the combined semi-finished product through a second adsorption hole; S2, placing the wedge block retainer on a pre-assembly rotary table, starting a pre-assembly vacuum adsorption mechanism to manufacture vacuum in a vacuum cavity at the bottom of the pre-assembly rotary table, adsorbing and positioning the wedge block retainer through a first adsorption hole, rotating the pre-assembly rotary table, simultaneously filling the wedges into window frames of the wedge block retainer one by one, then installing wedge block springs to form a pre-assembly, S3, controlling a servo sliding mechanism to drive a crawler type inner support clamp holder to extend into the inner side of the preassembly turntable, closing the preassembly vacuum adsorption mechanism, simultaneously starting a central telescopic driving mechanism to drive an inner support sliding block to push outwards until the surface of an inner tooth belt on the outer side of the miniature outer tooth roller tightly abuts against the inner side of the preassembly assembly to forcibly offset the pretightening force of a wedge spring, and then starting a locking executing mechanism to lock the miniature outer tooth roller to clamp the inner support of the preassembly assembly; S4, immediately controlling a servo sliding mechanism to drive a crawler type inner support clamp and a preassembly assembly to be transferred to the upper part of a semi-finished product of the combined body, adjusting the position of the preassembly assembly to enable the lower end of the preassembly assembly to be accurately aligned with a reserved wedge block installation channel, simultaneously starting a servo electric downward-pressing propeller to drive a downward pressing rod to drive an intelligent flexible pressing head to press the preassembly assembly, controlling a closing locking executing mechanism to release a miniature outer toothed roller after a flexible air bag contacts the top of the preassembly assembly and builds stable contact pressure, enabling an inner toothed belt to be changed into a free rolling state from a locking state, then enabling the inner toothed belt to downwards drive the preassembly assembly, and enabling a wedge block to have no radial contact friction with an inner ring roller way; S5, in the process of pressing the released preassembled assembly by the intelligent flexible pressing head, the air pressure fluctuation in the flexible air bag is monitored through the air pressure sensor in the whole process, meanwhile, the air pressure sensing feedback system in the central control box draws a pressure-displacement curve in real time in the pressing process, when a characteristic waveform of 'rising after pressure suddenly drops' is detected, the fact that the outer side flange of the wedge retainer is successfully clamped into the annular groove of the bearing outer ring is judged, the control system immediately stops the pressing action to ensure the consistency of the axial gap, and finally, a second sealing ring is installed to finish the assembly.

Description

Automatic assembly equipment and method for one-way clutch Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of assembly of one-way clutches, in particular to automatic assembly equipment and an assembly method of the one-way clutch. Background The core working principle of the one-way clutch is generally dependent on the cooperation among wedges (or rollers), a retainer, a spring and inner and outer ring raceways, when the inner ring (or outer ring) rotates relative to the other ring in a specific direction, the wedges are wedged into wedge-shaped spaces between the inner ring and the outer ring under the action of friction force to realize locking torque transmission, otherwise, the wedges are withdrawn from the wedge-shaped spaces to realize idle overrunning; In order to solve the defects, the traditional metal retainer is gradually replaced by engineering plastics (such as PA66, PEEK and the like), the novel plastic retainer manufactured by an integral injection molding process forms an outer flange on one side of the retainer through integral extension of materials, and the outer flange can be accurately embedded into an annular groove which is pre-machined on the inner wall of the outer ring of the one-way clutch, so that the retainer can be effectively limited to move in the axial direction to realize stable axial limiting fit; However, the existing automatic assembly equipment and process for the one-way clutch still have the following significant technical defects when facing the requirements of novel material structure and high-efficiency production: 1. The existing main stream assembly equipment adopts a multi-station turntable structure, and sequentially executes the actions of 'placing an outer ring, placing a retainer, filling wedges one by one and loading springs one by one', so that the sequence assembly mode of the parts is complex in procedures, difficult to meet the large-scale mass production requirement, and easy to cause accumulated errors due to positioning by one in a narrow annular space, and lacks an integral pre-alignment link, and the distribution uniformity of the wedges and the pre-tightening force consistency of the final finished product are difficult to control; 2. because the elastic modulus of the plastic material (especially PA 66) is lower and the brittleness is relatively large, the rigid pressing head and the inclined surface of the retainer tend to form point contact or line contact, so that the stress in the contact area is highly concentrated, and the situation that the plastic flange breaks, the inclined surface scratches and even the integral fracture of the retainer is extremely easy to occur in the press mounting process; 3. The performance of the one-way clutch is highly dependent on micron-sized axial gaps (usually 0.05 mm-0.15 mm) formed between the flange of the retainer and the annular groove of the outer ring, the conventional equipment is mostly dependent on a mechanical limiting block (hard stop) to control the pressing depth, the size tolerance accumulation of parts such as the depth of the groove of the outer ring and the thickness of the retainer cannot be compensated, resistance mutation (such as click feeling at the moment of entering the flange into the groove) in the press mounting process is difficult to sense, and the blind mounting mode leads to poor consistency of finished product gaps, often requires subsequent manual rechecking or screening, and increases the production cost; Furthermore, in order to solve the problem (the traditional 'parts are assembled one by one' process has low efficiency and poor precision) presented by the technical defect 1, a novel one-way clutch assembly mode is developed, namely, rolling bodies (balls or rolling pins) are firstly arranged on an inner ring and outer ring bottom layer combination body, an upper layer channel is reserved and is specially used for installing a wedge block assembly (a preassembled assembly formed by a wedge block, a retainer and a spring), and finally, the sealing ring is blocked, however, the existing general assembly equipment cannot adapt to the structure and the method at all, and the main obstacle is that the spring in the preassembled assembly is in a precompaction state and has huge radial expansion force, if the assembly is directly forced to be pressed into a narrow gap between an inner ring and an outer ring of the combination body, the wedge block can be severely rubbed and even bite the precise rollaway of the inner ring and the outer ring under the action of a spring force, so that the lower pressure is sharply increased to crush the plastic retainer, and the precise rollaway caused by hardening and grinding the precise rollaway to cause the performance failure of the clutch; Therefore, it is necessary to invent an automatic assembly device of a one-way clutch and an assembly method thereof. Disclosure of Invention In order to achieve the aim, the invention prov