CN-122007943-A - Intelligent processing device and processing method for coaxial holes with large hole distances

CN122007943ACN 122007943 ACN122007943 ACN 122007943ACN-122007943-A

Abstract

The invention provides a large-hole-distance intelligent coaxial hole machining device and a machining method, wherein the intelligent coaxial hole machining device comprises a numerical control boring machine, the numerical control boring machine comprises a workbench and a boring bar, and the boring bar is provided with a boring cutter; the device comprises a boring bar, a boring bar rotating axis, a pressure sensor, a controller and a circular positioner, wherein the circular positioner comprises a fixed group and a movable group, the fixed group is at least provided with two fixed positioning components, the movable group is at least provided with one movable positioning component, the fixed group and the movable group are both provided with a contact part, the pressure sensor and a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism can drive the contact part to be close to or far away from the boring bar rotating axis, the pressure sensor detects the contact pressure between the contact part and the boring bar or the processing hole, and the controller can read the numerical value of the pressure sensor and control the driving mechanism. The device can accurately determine the relative position of the boring bar and the axis of the hole to be processed through multipoint positioning circumferential constraint, and the reliability and the repetition precision of coaxiality positioning under the working condition of large hole distance are obviously improved.

Inventors

GU LIZHI
SONG JINLING
LI XUEFENG
WU XINGYI
HUANG SHUAI
CHENG YANSHU
PANG ZHENGJIE

Assignees

泉州信息工程学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260414

Claims (10)

1. The intelligent processing device for the coaxial holes with large hole distances comprises a numerical control boring machine, wherein the numerical control boring machine comprises a workbench and a boring bar, and the boring bar is provided with a boring cutter, and is characterized by further comprising a round positioning instrument and a controller; The circular positioner comprises a fixed group and a movable group, wherein the fixed group is at least provided with two fixed positioning components, the movable group is at least provided with one movable positioning component, and the movable positioning component is movably arranged along the direction close to or far away from the rotation axis of the boring bar; The fixed positioning assembly and the movable positioning assembly are respectively provided with a contact part, a pressure sensor and a driving mechanism; The driving mechanism is used for driving the corresponding contact part to displace along the direction close to or far from the rotation axis of the boring bar, and the pressure sensor is used for detecting the contact pressure between the contact part and the boring bar or the processing hole; the controller is electrically connected with the pressure sensor and the driving mechanism, and is used for reading the detection value of the pressure sensor and controlling the driving mechanism to perform telescopic action according to the detection value.
2. The intelligent large-pitch coaxial hole machining device of claim 1, wherein the number of the fixed positioning assemblies is two, and the number of the movable positioning assemblies is one.
3. The intelligent large-pitch coaxial hole machining device according to claim 2, wherein the included angle between the central axes of two adjacent fixed positioning assemblies is 120 degrees, and the included angle between the central axes of the adjacent fixed positioning assemblies and the movable positioning assembly is 120 degrees.
4. The intelligent large-pitch coaxial hole machining device of claim 1, wherein the circular positioner further comprises a fixed frame and a rotating frame, one end of the rotating frame is hinged to a corner position of the fixed frame, the fixed positioning component is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame, and the movable positioning component is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame.
5. The large-pitch coaxial hole intelligent machining device according to claim 1, wherein the fixed positioning assembly and the movable positioning assembly are respectively provided with a screw rod, and the screws meet the following conditions: In which, in the process, For the lead of the lead screw, Is the screw diameter of the screw rod.
6. A machining method based on the intelligent coaxial hole machining device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, determining a central axis of a first hole to be processed, aligning a rotation axis of a boring bar with the central axis of the first hole, and adjusting the radial distance between a boring cutter blade and the rotation axis of the boring bar according to the aperture of the first hole; s2, driving the contact part of the circular positioner to move and abut against the outer peripheral surface of the boring bar, so that the detection value of each pressure sensor is in a preset threshold range; S3, recording position coordinates of the contact part and detection pressure values of the pressure sensors, and then controlling the contact part to be far away from a working movement area of the boring bar; S4, boring and turning the first hole to the required precision; s5, controlling the movement of the contact part according to the coordinate value or coordinate difference value of the first hole and the second hole in the Y-axis direction of the workbench and the corresponding relation of a longitudinal movement error compensation table of the workbench; s6, adjusting the position of the boring bar to enable the detected pressure value of each pressure sensor to fall into the same preset threshold range as that in the step S3, and then controlling the contact part to be far away from the working movement area of the boring bar; S7, boring and turning the second hole to the required precision.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step S3 comprises the sub-steps of: s31, determining the working threshold range of the pressure sensor according to the material strength of the boring bar and the contact part Wherein: ; wherein, the delta material strength reduction coefficient is used for reducing the material limit pressure value into the safe working reference pressure; Is the ultimate pressure value of the material strength; A permissible deviation amount for the pressure threshold value for defining an up-down floating range of the working pressure; S32, detecting whether each contact part is in the working position, and if not, continuing to adjust to the working position: ; S33, if the contact part is in the working position, starting pressure detection, and adjusting the position of the contact part until the detection value of the pressure sensor falls into the working threshold range; s34, recording position coordinates of each contact part, and marking as: ; wherein: a1 st contact portion spatial position point; A spatial position point representing a second contact portion; indicating the spatial location point of the third contact.
8. The processing method according to claim 6, wherein the table longitudinal movement error compensation table in step S5 specifically includes: S51, recording the deviation value of the workbench along the Y-axis direction and parallel to the XOZ plane as follows: ; ; In the formula, For the total number of experiments, Is the first Carrying out secondary experiments; representing the offset along the X axis at the Y axis position; Representing the offset along the Z axis at the Y axis position; S52, measuring the Y-axis position points of the workbench to obtain a longitudinal movement error compensation table of the workbench.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S5, the contact portion moves by an amount of expansion and contraction The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, Represent the first The number of the contact portions is equal to the number of the contact portions, Represents the outer circle radius of the boring bar used in the process of machining the first hole, Represents the outer circle radius of the boring bar used in the process of machining the second hole, Representing the coordinate difference of the first hole and the second hole in the X-axis direction of the workbench, Representing the coordinate difference value of the first hole and the second hole in the Z-axis direction of the workbench, Represent the first Initial telescopic direction angle of each contact part during first hole processing; According to If the positive and negative values of (1) If the ratio is more than 0, the driving mechanism controls the contact part to extend towards the direction close to the rotation axis of the boring bar, if And if the contact part is smaller than 0, the driving mechanism controls the contact part to shrink in the direction away from the rotation axis of the boring bar.
10. A machining method based on the intelligent coaxial hole machining device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, determining a central axis of a first hole to be processed, aligning a rotation axis of a boring bar with the central axis of the first hole, and adjusting the radial distance between a boring cutter blade and the rotation axis of the boring bar according to the aperture of the first hole; s2, performing rough boring on the first hole; S3, driving the contact part of the circular positioner to move and abut against the inner peripheral surface of the first hole, so that the detection value of each pressure sensor is in a preset threshold range; s4, recording position coordinates of the contact part and detection pressure values of the pressure sensors, and then controlling the contact part to be far away from a working movement area of the boring bar; S5, boring and turning the first hole to the required precision; S6, determining a central axis of a second hole to be processed, aligning the rotation axis of the boring bar with the central axis of the second hole, and adjusting the radial distance between the boring cutter blade and the rotation axis of the boring bar according to the aperture of the second hole; s7, performing rough boring on the second hole; S8, calculating coordinate values or coordinate differences of the first hole and the second hole in the Y-axis direction of the workbench, and controlling the contact part to move according to the corresponding relation between the Y-axis coordinate values or coordinate differences and a longitudinal movement error compensation table of the workbench; s9, adjusting the position of a workpiece to be machined, enabling the detection pressure value of each pressure sensor to fall into the same preset threshold range as that in the step S4, and then controlling the contact part to be far away from the working movement area of the boring bar; s10, boring and turning the second hole to the required precision.

Description

Intelligent processing device and processing method for coaxial holes with large hole distances Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of coaxial hole machining, in particular to an intelligent machining device and method for a large-hole-distance coaxial hole. Background Aiming at long shafts and super long shaft type components (such as a large-span roller supporting piece), the center distance between bearing holes or bearing seat mounting holes at two ends of the components can reach 2 meters, 3 meters or even longer, the components provide strict requirements on the coaxiality and straightness accuracy of the rotation axes of the two holes, and the running stability and the service life of a complete machine system are directly determined. The existing metal cutting processing equipment (such as a horizontal boring machine, a gantry boring machine and the like) is difficult to realize one-cutter continuous processing on the surfaces of the two holes with large hole distances. The conventional machining process generally comprises the steps of firstly completing single-hole machining, then turning around by 180 degrees through a component, secondarily clamping, and re-aligning a tool, or adjusting the 180-degree posture of a boring tool after moving a side hole to be machined to a machining position on a planer boring and milling machine, wherein the displacement error of a linear workbench is introduced in the mode, the requirement of high coaxiality precision is difficult to meet, and further the operation precision and the usability of a mechanical system are directly influenced. Therefore, innovations of processes and process technical equipment are developed to solve the problem of high-precision coaxial processing of the large-pitch hole system, and the technical requirement to be broken through in the current industry is urgent. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an intelligent processing device and an intelligent processing method for coaxial holes with large hole distances, which solve the problems mentioned in the background art. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: The intelligent machining device for the coaxial holes with the large hole distance comprises a numerical control boring machine, wherein the numerical control boring machine comprises a workbench and a boring bar, and the boring bar is provided with a boring cutter and also comprises a round positioning instrument and a controller; The circular positioner comprises a fixed group and a movable group, wherein the fixed group is at least provided with two fixed positioning components, the movable group is at least provided with one movable positioning component, and the movable positioning component is movably arranged along the direction close to or far away from the rotation axis of the boring bar; The fixed positioning assembly and the movable positioning assembly are respectively provided with a contact part, a pressure sensor and a driving mechanism; The driving mechanism is used for driving the corresponding contact part to displace along the direction close to or far from the rotation axis of the boring bar, and the pressure sensor is used for detecting the contact pressure between the contact part and the boring bar or the processing hole; the controller is electrically connected with the pressure sensor and the driving mechanism, and is used for reading the detection value of the pressure sensor and controlling the driving mechanism to perform telescopic action according to the detection value. Further, the number of the fixed positioning components is two, and the number of the movable positioning components is one. Further, the included angle between the central axes of two adjacent fixed positioning assemblies is 120 degrees, and the included angle between the central axes of the adjacent fixed positioning assemblies and the movable positioning assembly is 120 degrees. Further, the round positioning instrument further comprises a fixed frame and a rotating frame, one end of the rotating frame is hinged to the corner position of the fixed frame, the fixed positioning component is fixedly installed on the fixed frame, and the movable positioning component is fixedly installed on the rotating frame. Further, the fixed positioning assembly and the movable positioning assembly are respectively provided with a screw rod, and the screw rods satisfy the following conditions: In which, in the process, For the lead of the lead screw,Is the screw diameter of the screw rod. On the other hand, the invention provides a processing method based on the intelligent coaxial hole processing device, which comprises the following steps: S1, determining a central axis of a first hole to be processed, aligning a rotation axis of a boring bar with the central axis of the first hole, and adjusting the radial distance between a boring c