CN-122007976-A - High-precision cutting device for large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure

CN122007976ACN 122007976 ACN122007976 ACN 122007976ACN-122007976-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-precision cutting device for a large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure, and belongs to the field of numerical control profiling processing of large-scale cylinder structures. The device comprises a driving unit, a tool bit, a measuring profiling unit and a numerical control unit, wherein the driving unit is used for driving the tool bit to perform six-degree-of-freedom motion so as to cut a workpiece, the measuring profiling unit is used for measuring the surface of the workpiece to obtain the actual shape of the surface of the workpiece, and the numerical control unit is used for generating a tool bit processing path according to the obtained actual shape of the surface of the workpiece. The invention can realize six-degree-of-freedom multi-axis movement of the cutter head. The numerical control unit generates a self-adaptive processing path through a track planning and compensation algorithm, realizes dynamic track correction through a multi-axis linkage control module, can adapt to the situation of field deformation of a workpiece, has good adjustment flexibility, remarkably improves the field processing efficiency and adaptability, and simultaneously solves the problem of insufficient cutting precision of a large-diameter cylinder caused by ovality and local deformation.

Inventors

YANG WENSHAN
Lai Feifei
HUANG YAOHE
HE TENG
JIANG WEI
LIU YONG
XU BING
Yu Banhai
ZHANG GUOGEN
LI PIAO
QU YUAN
XIE RENFU
LI JINCHENG

Assignees

中国船舶集团有限公司第七一九研究所
佛山新成洪鼎机械技术有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260327

Claims (7)

1. The high-precision cutting device for the large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure is characterized by comprising a driving unit, a cutter head, a measuring profiling unit and a numerical control unit; The driving unit is connected with the tool bit and used for driving the tool bit to perform six-degree-of-freedom motion so as to cut a workpiece; The measuring and profiling unit is used for measuring the surface of the workpiece and obtaining the actual appearance of the surface of the workpiece; The numerical control unit is used for generating a tool bit machining path according to the obtained actual topography of the surface of the workpiece and controlling the driving unit to move so that the tool bit can cut the workpiece according to the tool bit machining path.
2. The high-precision cutting device for the large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure according to claim 1, wherein the driving unit comprises a C-axis motion driving mechanism, an X-axis motion driving mechanism and a Z-axis motion driving mechanism; The C-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the tool bit to rotate around the axis of the workpiece along the C-axis; the X-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the tool bit to move along the radial direction of the workpiece in an X-axis manner; the Z-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the tool bit to move along the Z axis along the axial direction of the workpiece.
3. The high-precision cutting device for the large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure according to claim 2, wherein the driving unit comprises a power head; The power head comprises a turntable, a swinging frame, a base, an A-axis motion driving mechanism and a B-axis motion driving mechanism; The swinging frame is connected with the base in a rotating way; the A-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the turntable to rotate around the A axis; The B-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the swinging frame to swing in a pitching mode around the B axis; the C-axis motion driving mechanism, the X-axis motion driving mechanism and the Z-axis motion driving mechanism are all used for driving the turntable to move.
4. A high precision cutting apparatus of a large diameter high strength steel cylinder structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the driving unit comprises an electric spindle; the electric spindle is fixedly connected with the swing frame; The tool bit is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motorized spindle; and the electric spindle is used for driving the tool bit to rotationally cut around the S-axis.
5. The high-precision cutting device for the large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure according to claim 4, further comprising an annular bracket, an annular supporting disc, an annular rotating disc, a cross beam, a transverse carriage and a stand column; the annular supporting disc is coaxially fixed at the upper end of the annular bracket, and the annular rotating disc is rotationally connected with the annular supporting disc; the C-axis motion driving mechanism comprises a rotary motor and a gear transmission mechanism which are both arranged on the annular bracket, wherein the annular rotary disk is connected with the gear transmission mechanism, and the rotary motor is used for driving the annular rotary disk to rotate around the axis of the workpiece through the gear transmission mechanism to carry out C-axis rotation; The transverse carriage is connected with the cross beam in a sliding way; the X-axis motion driving mechanism comprises a first motor and a first ball screw which are all arranged on the cross beam, wherein the first motor drives the transverse carriage to move along the X-axis along the radial direction of the workpiece through the first ball screw; the upright post is connected with the transverse carriage in a sliding manner; The Z-axis motion driving mechanism comprises a second motor and a second ball screw which are all arranged on the upright post, wherein the second motor drives the upright post to move along the Z axis along the axial direction of the workpiece through the second ball screw; The turntable is rotationally connected with the bottom of the upright post; The measuring profiling unit is arranged on the cutter head; The numerical control unit is arranged on the annular support.
6. The high-precision cutting device for the large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure according to claim 5, further comprising an electromagnetic adsorption mechanism; the electromagnetic adsorption mechanism is fixed on the annular bracket and used for adsorbing and fixing the annular bracket on a workpiece.
7. The high-precision cutting device for the large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure according to claim 1, wherein the numerical control unit comprises a track planning and compensating module and a multi-axis linkage control module; The track planning and compensating module is used for fitting the actual shape of the surface of the workpiece with a theoretical model of the shape of the surface of the workpiece to generate a tool bit processing path; the multi-axis linkage control module is used for controlling the driving unit to move so that the tool bit can cut a workpiece according to the tool bit machining path.

Description

High-precision cutting device for large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure Technical Field The invention relates to a high-precision cutting device for a large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure, and belongs to the field of numerical control profiling processing of large-scale cylinder structures. Background In the fields of nuclear power, chemical industry, ships and the like, intersecting line holes are often cut in large cylinder shells (such as pressure vessels and pipelines). Accordingly, it is necessary to perform cutting with a corresponding apparatus. The prior art has the following defects: 1. The traditional profiling device comprises a profiling device, a transmission device, a flame cutting device and the like, wherein a profiling wheel on a profiling track walks along the profiling track, a motor drives a speed changer to realize constant speed walking, the requirement of cutting speed is met, and a cutting path of a flame nozzle is synchronized with the profiling track through the profiling track, so that the cutting of an opening hole and the like are realized. However, the technology relies on a physical template to manufacture a profiling track, cannot adapt to field deformation of a workpiece, and has poor adjustment flexibility. 2. The fixed numerical control machine tool, such as a Boda numerical control movable column pipe cutting machine (BDXG-6312-P), supports 5-axis linkage, but has a huge structure, cannot be installed on site, and lacks a real-time morphology compensation function. 3. The universal intersecting line cutting machine, such as a DKK-2 flame cutting machine of the Harbin engineering university, only supports basic orthogonal hole cutting, has insufficient multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment capability and limited groove precision. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problem and further provides a high-precision cutting device for a large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure. The high-precision cutting device for the large-diameter high-strength steel cylinder structure comprises a driving unit, a cutter head, a measuring profiling unit and a numerical control unit, wherein the driving unit is connected with the cutter head and used for driving the cutter head to perform six-degree-of-freedom motion so as to cut a workpiece, the measuring profiling unit is used for measuring the surface of the workpiece to obtain the actual shape of the surface of the workpiece, and the numerical control unit is used for generating a cutter head machining path according to the obtained actual shape of the surface of the workpiece and controlling the driving unit to move so that the cutter head can cut the workpiece according to the cutter head machining path. The driving unit further comprises a C-axis motion driving mechanism, an X-axis motion driving mechanism and a Z-axis motion driving mechanism, wherein the C-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the tool bit to rotate around the axis of the workpiece in a C-axis mode, the X-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the tool bit to move along the radial direction of the workpiece in an X-axis mode, and the Z-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the tool bit to move along the axis of the workpiece in a Z-axis mode. The driving unit comprises a power head, wherein the power head comprises a rotary table, a swinging frame, a base, an A-axis motion driving mechanism and a B-axis motion driving mechanism, the base is fixedly connected with the rotary table, the swinging frame is rotationally connected with the base, the A-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the rotary table to rotate around the A axis, the B-axis motion driving mechanism is used for driving the swinging frame to swing in a pitching mode around the B axis, and the C-axis motion driving mechanism, the X-axis motion driving mechanism and the Z-axis motion driving mechanism are all used for driving the rotary table to move. Further, the driving unit comprises an electric spindle, the electric spindle is fixedly connected with the swinging frame, the cutter head is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the electric spindle, and the electric spindle is used for driving the cutter head to rotationally cut around an S-axis. The invention further provides an annular support, an annular supporting disc, an annular rotating disc, a cross beam, a transverse carriage and a stand column, wherein the annular supporting disc is coaxially fixed at the upper end of the annular support, the annular rotating disc is rotationally connected with the annular supporting disc, the C-axis motion driving mechanism comprises a rotary motor and a gear transmission mechanism which are all arranged on the annular support, the annular rotating disc is connected with the gear transmission mechanism, the rotary motor is used for driving the annular rotating disc to rotate around the axis of a workp