CN-122007985-A - Ultra-precision machining machine tool with double tool rests and opposite roller dies and machining method of ultra-precision machining machine tool

CN122007985ACN 122007985 ACN122007985 ACN 122007985ACN-122007985-A

Abstract

The invention provides an ultra-precise machining machine tool with double tool holders and a roller die arranged oppositely and a machining method thereof. The two tool rest systems are arranged on two sides of the workpiece in 180-degree opposite arrangement, so that radial cutting force self-balancing is realized, and the processing deformation of the roller with the large length-diameter ratio is effectively restrained. The intelligent quick-change platform adopts zero point positioning, RFID identification and medium quick-connection technology to realize quick-change and parameter automatic reconstruction of functional modules such as turning, fly-cutting and measurement. The invention realizes the self-adaptive control of the tool posture. The invention effectively improves the processing precision and efficiency of the large-size roller die and realizes the turning, milling and measuring integrated manufacturing of the complex microstructure.

Inventors

CHEN JIANXIONG
ZHANG JIAYU
CHEN HUI
HU KAI
LIN WEIBIN

Assignees

福州大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260311

Claims (10)

1. An ultra-precision machining machine tool with double tool holders opposite to roller dies is characterized by comprising: The intelligent quick-change device comprises a machine tool base (7), a spindle box, a machine tool spindle (1), an intelligent quick-change platform (4), a control system, a first tool rest system and a second tool rest system, wherein the first tool rest system and the second tool rest system are respectively arranged on two sides of the machine tool base (7), the spindle box is arranged at one end of the machine tool base (7), and the machine tool spindle (1) is arranged in the spindle box and used for driving a workpiece to rotate; The first tool rest system comprises a first Z-axis sliding table (8), a first tool rest Z-axis guide plate (2) and a first tool rest X-axis guide plate (3), wherein the first tool rest Z-axis guide plate (2) is in sliding connection with the first Z-axis sliding table (8), the first tool rest Z-axis guide plate (2) slides along the length direction of the first Z-axis sliding table (8), the first tool rest X-axis guide plate (3) is in sliding connection with the first tool rest Z-axis guide plate (2), and the first tool rest X-axis guide plate (3) slides along the length direction of the first tool rest Z-axis guide plate (2); The second tool rest system comprises a second Z-axis sliding table (9), a second tool rest Z-axis guide plate (5) and a second tool rest X-axis guide plate (6), wherein the second Z-axis sliding table (9) is in sliding connection with the second tool rest Z-axis guide plate (5), the second Z-axis sliding table (9) slides along the length direction of the second tool rest Z-axis guide plate (5), the second tool rest Z-axis guide plate (5) is in sliding connection with the second tool rest X-axis guide plate (6), and the second tool rest X-axis guide plate (6) slides along the length direction of the second tool rest Z-axis guide plate (5); the first Z-axis sliding table (8) and the second Z-axis sliding table (9) are arranged in parallel; The intelligent quick-change platform (4) is arranged on the first knife rest X-axis guide plate (3) and the second knife rest X-axis guide plate (6) and is used for quickly changing and carrying different functional modules and slow knife servo devices; the control system is electrically connected with the machine tool spindle (1), the intelligent quick-change platform (4), the first tool rest system and the second tool rest system and is used for performing multi-axis linkage control and intelligent identification and parameter reconstruction of the functional module; And the control system is internally integrated with a general cylindrical surface microstructure track planning algorithm which is used for resolving geometric data of any pattern into each axis motion instruction.
2. The ultra-precise machining machine tool of the double-tool-rest opposite roller die according to claim 1, characterized in that the intelligent quick-change platform (4) comprises a universal motherboard and a functional carrier plate; the universal motherboard comprises a quick-change platform motherboard base (41), a zero point positioning module (42), a strong-current spring thimble (43), a weak-current spring thimble (44), an RFID read-write head (45) and a planar non-overflow valve motherboard (46), wherein the quick-change platform motherboard base (41) is fixedly arranged on the first knife rest X-axis guide plate (3) and the second knife rest X-axis guide plate (6); The function support plate comprises a zero point positioning blind rivet (47), a strong electric contact plate (48), a weak electric contact plate (49), an RFID chip (410), a plane overflow-free valve male head (411) and a quick-change platform sub-plate base (412), wherein the function support plate is used for carrying different processing or detecting equipment, the zero point positioning blind rivet (47) is rigidly connected with a zero point positioning module (42), so that the strong electric spring thimble (43) is connected with the strong electric contact plate (48), the weak electric spring thimble (44) is connected with the weak electric contact plate (49), and the RFID read-write head (45) is connected with the RFID chip (410).
3. The ultra-precise machining machine tool for the double-tool-rest opposite-type roller die is characterized in that the planar non-overflow valve female head (46) and the planar non-overflow valve male head (411) adopt a combined structure of a planar quick connector and an electrode array, and in the locking process of the functional carrier plate and the universal motherboard, the downward pulling force of the zero point positioning blind rivet (47) and the zero point positioning module (42) overcomes the internal spring force of the connector to realize automatic conduction of cooling liquid, compressed air and electric signals.
4. The ultra-precise machining machine tool with the double-tool-rest opposite roller die as claimed in claim 2, wherein the functional modules carried by the functional carrier plate at least comprise a turning module for rough machining or auxiliary turning, a high-speed fly-cutting module for intermittent microstructure machining and a non-contact measuring module for machine face type detection.
5. The ultra-precise machining machine tool for the double-tool-rest opposite roller die, according to claim 2, is characterized in that the universal master plate is made of a high-rigidity invar alloy material, counter bores are machined in the upper surface of the universal master plate and distributed in a rectangular array, and the zero point positioning blind nails (47) and the zero point positioning modules (42) are installed in the counter bores in an interference mode.
6. The ultra-precise machining tool with the double-tool-rest opposite-type roller die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control system is provided with a double-tool-rest radial force self-balancing control mode, and the first tool rest system and the second tool rest system are controlled to synchronously feed along the diameter direction of a workpiece in the rough machining or semi-finishing stage, so that radial cutting forces generated by two tools are mutually counteracted.
7. A double-tool-rest opposed roller die ultraprecise machining method, characterized in that an ultraprecise machining machine tool based on the double-tool-rest opposed roller die as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: Step S1, pattern geometric modeling, wherein an arbitrary pattern to be processed is defined as a radius change function r=f (phi, z) under a cylindrical coordinate system, wherein phi is a workpiece rotation angle, and z is an axial position; S2, solving normal vector and slope, and calculating axial slope of any processing point on the surface of the pattern And circumferential slope Constructing a local unit normal vector according to the local unit normal vector; S3, generating five-axis linkage instructions, solving target deflection angles of an axis A and an axis B according to the calculated slope, so that the axis of the cutter always tracks the pattern surface along the normal direction; And S4, carrying out inverse coordinate transformation, namely inversely transforming the compensated position coordinates into motion instructions of all axes of the machine tool, and driving the machine tool to cut.
8. The ultra-precise machining method of the double-tool-rest opposite-type roller die according to claim 7, wherein the target deflection angles of the A axis and the B axis in the step S3 are calculated according to the axial slope and the circumferential slope through an arctangent function.
9. The ultra-precise machining method of the double-tool-holder opposed-roller die as claimed in claim 7, wherein the compensation calculation of the tool center point in the step S3 includes: Compensating the three-dimensional tool nose radius, outwards shifting the theoretical machining point by the tool nose radius along the normal vector direction, and calculating ideal space coordinates of the center of the tool; and (3) dynamically compensating the rotation center, combining the offset of the rotation center of the A/B shaft, calculating a mechanical displacement error generated when the A/B shaft rotates by using an inverse kinematics equation, and superposing the compensation amount to a linear shaft instruction.
10. The ultra-precise machining method of the double-tool-rest opposite-type roller die according to claim 7, further comprising a multi-tool-position integrated machining process based on an intelligent quick-change platform: The rough machining stage comprises the steps of installing a turning module on an intelligent quick-change platform, performing opposite synchronous cutting with a first tool rest system, and removing most materials; the fine machining stage comprises the steps that a first tool rest system performs microstructure fine turning by utilizing a five-axis linkage slow tool servo device; the special-shaped characteristic processing stage comprises the steps of replacing the special-shaped characteristic processing stage with a high-speed fly-cutting module through an intelligent quick-change platform, and processing non-rotation symmetry characteristics by utilizing a C-axis indexing function; In the on-machine detection and compensation stage, the intelligent quick-change platform is replaced by a non-contact measurement module, the processing surface is scanned, and error data are fed back to the geometric model in the step S1 for correction and compensation.

Description

Ultra-precision machining machine tool with double tool rests and opposite roller dies and machining method of ultra-precision machining machine tool Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-precise machining, in particular to an ultra-precise machining machine tool with double tool rests and opposite roller dies and a machining method thereof. Background With the rapid development of display technology and new energy industry, market demands of large-sized optical functional films (such as brightness enhancement films, diffusion films and photovoltaic condensing films) are growing. The roller mould with the microstructure is processed by an ultra-precise machine tool and is combined with a Roll-to-Roll (Roll-to-Roll) imprinting process, so that the method is a core technical route for realizing mass and low-cost production of the optical film. The microstructural precision and the surface quality of the roller die directly determine the performance index of the final optical film product. In recent years, with the development of products in the large-size and complicated directions, roller molds have tendencies of larger size (length >1500 mm), higher length-diameter ratio and more complex microstructure, and higher requirements are put on ultra-precise processing technology. Large-size roller molds are generally heavy and long in length, and are susceptible to bending deformation due to gravity and cutting forces during processing. Under the traditional single-tool-rest processing mode, the cutting force can not be counteracted, so that the phenomenon of cutter yielding is generated at the middle part of the roller, and the microstructure consistency in the whole length range is seriously influenced. In addition, the existing processing equipment has relatively single function, is difficult to finish multiple procedures such as turning, milling, detecting and the like on the same machine tool, and frequently dismantles and clamps secondarily, so that a non-negligible positioning error is introduced. At present, a plurality of technologies are explored and practiced in the field of ultra-precise machining of roller molds. The Chinese patent No. 114918440A discloses an ultra-precise single-point diamond machine tool with a high-rigidity roller die, which is characterized in that a cutter rest is arranged on a vertical guide rail by optimizing the layout of a feeding system and adopts a short cantilever structure, so that the static rigidity and the dynamic response performance of the system are improved. The scheme has positive results in the aspect of structural rigidity optimization, but when the roller with large length-diameter ratio is processed, the workpiece bears single-side radial cutting force in the cutting process due to the adoption of the single-tool-rest layout, so that certain bending deformation can be caused, the roller is limited by single-tool cutting, and the processing period of the workpiece is longer. The Chinese patent CN116079083A discloses a cylindrical Fresnel ultra-precision machining roller device based on six shafts, which utilizes a tandem double turntable (an A shaft and a B shaft) to realize multi-angle swinging and rotation of a cutter and provides a technical means for machining complex cylindrical microstructures. The technology has the advantage in the aspect of flexible control of the tool posture so as to realize precise machining of complex structures such as Fresnel lenses. However, the structural layout of this type of device is highly integrated and highly specialized, lacks a universal quick change interface between the cutter assembly and the multi-axis motion unit, and the device functionality is limited to a single turning mode. The Chinese patent CN107350817B discloses a method for processing the microstructure on the surface of a roller die, which adopts a high-frequency vibration micro-forging mode to replace the traditional turning mode, and drives a pressure head with a specific shape (such as a sphere shape and a pyramid shape) to repeatedly vibrate and forge on the surface of the roller so as to re-etch a microstructure unit with the shape equivalent to that of the pressure head. The method is essentially a discrete 'stamping' process, a processing path cannot be directly generated by resolving through a general mathematical model, and the flexibility and the universality of the algorithm are low. As can be seen from the analysis of the prior art, there is still room for further improvement in the field of ultra-precision machining of large-size roller molds in three aspects: First, the resistance to deformation is to be enhanced. In the prior art, a single tool rest structure is adopted, when a roller with a large length-diameter ratio is processed, the cutting force acts on one side, a workpiece is easy to bend and deform under the action of radial cutting force, and the consistency of the microstructure in the whole lengt