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CN-122008052-A - High-precision low-abrasion intelligent rotating device and method for grinding machine

CN122008052ACN 122008052 ACN122008052 ACN 122008052ACN-122008052-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-precision grinding machines, in particular to an intelligent rotating device and method of a high-precision and low-abrasion grinding machine, which are applied to the grinding machine and comprise a rotating table mechanism for bearing a workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate, a vibration monitoring unit which is arranged on the rotating table mechanism and used for collecting vibration signals of the rotating table mechanism in the running process, a servo driving unit which is in transmission connection with the rotating table mechanism and used for driving the rotating table mechanism to rotate according to preset motion parameters, a main shaft control unit which is connected with a grinding main shaft and used for controlling the grinding parameters of the grinding wheel, and a central controller which is respectively in communication connection with the vibration monitoring unit, the servo driving unit and the main shaft control unit.

Inventors

  • WEI FENGTAO
  • WANG JINTING

Assignees

  • 西安理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260330

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The intelligent turning device of the grinding machine with high precision and low abrasion is applied to the grinding machine, and the grinding machine comprises a grinding main shaft and a grinding wheel arranged on the grinding main shaft, and is characterized by comprising the following components: The rotary workbench mechanism (1) is used for bearing the workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate; The vibration monitoring unit (2) is arranged on the rotary workbench mechanism (1) and is used for collecting vibration signals of the rotary workbench mechanism (1) in the running process; The servo driving unit (3) is in transmission connection with the rotary table mechanism (1) and is used for driving the rotary table mechanism (1) to perform rotary motion according to preset motion parameters; The main shaft control unit is connected with the grinding main shaft and used for controlling grinding parameters of the grinding wheel; The central controller is respectively in communication connection with the vibration monitoring unit (2), the servo driving unit (3) and the main shaft control unit; Wherein the central controller is configured to: Receiving the vibration signal, performing time-frequency domain analysis on the vibration signal, extracting a characteristic value related to the abrasion state of a mechanical transmission part in the rotary table mechanism (1), and forming an abrasion characteristic fingerprint; And generating a second control instruction based on the wear characteristic fingerprint and sending the second control instruction to the main shaft control unit so as to adjust the grinding parameter.
  2. 2. The intelligent turning device of a high-precision low-wear grinding machine of claim 1, wherein said central controller is further configured to: establishing a reference fingerprint library, wherein the reference fingerprint library comprises characteristic value templates corresponding to different wear degrees; Comparing the currently extracted abrasion characteristic fingerprint with a characteristic value template in the reference fingerprint library, and calculating an abrasion strength index; And determining a generation strategy of the first control instruction and/or the second control instruction according to a threshold interval where the wear intensity index is located.
  3. 3. The intelligent turning device of a high-precision low-wear grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein said central controller is configured to perform time-frequency domain analysis on said vibration signal to extract wear characteristic fingerprints, and specifically comprises: performing order tracking processing on the vibration signal, and converting the vibration signal into an angle domain stable signal; and carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on the angle domain stationary signal, and extracting frequency band energy corresponding to the fault characteristic frequency of the mechanical transmission component as the characteristic value.
  4. 4. The intelligent turning device of the grinding machine with high precision and low abrasion according to claim 1 is characterized in that the preset motion parameters comprise jerk and/or acceleration curve of the turning table mechanism (1); The central controller is configured to generate a first control instruction to adjust the preset motion parameters, and specifically includes analyzing dominant frequency components in the wear characteristic fingerprints, and adjusting parameters of the jerk and/or acceleration curve to enable vibration energy excited by the rotary motion to avoid frequency bands corresponding to the dominant frequency components.
  5. 5. The intelligent turning device of the high-precision low-wear grinding machine, according to claim 1, wherein the grinding parameters comprise the grinding depth and/or the feeding speed of the grinding wheel; the central controller is configured to generate a second control instruction to adjust the grinding parameter, and specifically includes: identifying an angle interval in which the characteristic value in the abrasion characteristic fingerprint exceeds a preset threshold value; when the rotary table mechanism (1) drives the workpiece to enter the angle section, a command is sent to the main shaft control unit so as to reduce the grinding depth and/or the feeding speed in the section.
  6. 6. The intelligent rotating device of the high-precision low-wear grinding machine, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the rotating table mechanism (1) comprises: A base (11); the rotary workbench is used for bearing a workpiece; a ceramic bearing (12) provided between the base (11) and the rotary table; the ball screw pair (13) is connected with the servo driving unit (3) and is used for driving the rotary table to rotate; the vibration monitoring unit (2) is mounted on the base (11) or at a position close to the ceramic bearing (12).
  7. 7. The intelligent turning method of the high-precision and low-wear grinding machine, which is applied to the intelligent turning device of the high-precision and low-wear grinding machine, is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring vibration signals of a rotary table mechanism (1) in real time through a vibration monitoring unit (2); S2, carrying out time-frequency domain analysis on the vibration signal through a central controller, extracting characteristic values related to the abrasion state of the mechanical transmission part, and forming an abrasion characteristic fingerprint; S3, generating a first control instruction based on the abrasion characteristic fingerprint and sending the first control instruction to a servo driving unit (3) to adjust preset motion parameters of the rotary table mechanism (1); and S4, generating a second control instruction based on the abrasion characteristic fingerprint and sending the second control instruction to a main shaft control unit so as to adjust grinding parameters of the grinding wheel.
  8. 8. The intelligent turning method of the grinding machine with high precision and low abrasion according to claim 7, wherein the step S2 of extracting the abrasion characteristic fingerprint comprises the following steps: S21, carrying out wavelet packet decomposition or short-time Fourier transform on the vibration signal to obtain a time-frequency spectrogram; S22, extracting frequency band energy corresponding to the raceway fault characteristic frequency of the ceramic bearing (12) and/or the pitch error characteristic frequency of the ball screw pair (13) in the time-frequency spectrogram to form a multidimensional characteristic vector as the abrasion characteristic fingerprint.
  9. 9. The intelligent turning method of the grinding machine with high precision and low abrasion according to claim 7, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: s31, comparing the abrasion characteristic fingerprint with a pre-stored reference fingerprint, and calculating an abrasion strength index; S32, if the abrasion strength index exceeds a first preset threshold value, analyzing dominant frequency components in the abrasion characteristic fingerprint; S33, adjusting jerk and/or acceleration curves in the preset motion parameters to enable vibration energy excited by the rotary table mechanism (1) in the acceleration and deceleration process to avoid a resonance frequency band corresponding to the dominant frequency component.
  10. 10. The intelligent turning method of the grinding machine with high precision and low abrasion according to claim 7, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises the following steps: S41, analyzing the rule of the abrasion characteristic fingerprint along with the change of the angle by combining the corner position information of the rotary workbench mechanism (1), and identifying an abrasion aggravating angle interval with the characteristic value exceeding a second preset threshold value; S42, storing the abrasion increasing angle interval information to a central controller; And S43, in the current and subsequent processing processes, when the rotary worktable mechanism (1) drives the workpiece to enter the abrasion aggravating angle interval, sending a command to the main shaft control unit so as to reduce the grinding depth and/or the feeding speed in the angle interval, and recovering the original grinding parameters after exiting the angle interval.

Description

High-precision low-abrasion intelligent rotating device and method for grinding machine Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of high-precision grinding machines, in particular to an intelligent turning device and method for a high-precision and low-abrasion grinding machine. Background The rotary workbench is one of core functional components of a modern high-precision grinding machine, bears key tasks such as workpiece bearing, indexing positioning, rotary feeding and the like, and provides a serious challenge for dynamic precision, abrasion resistance and long-term stability of the rotary workbench along with increasing requirements for machining precision of complex curved surface parts in the fields such as aerospace, die manufacturing and the like. In the prior art, a high-precision rotary worktable generally adopts a servo motor and encoder closed-loop control scheme, is provided with a ceramic bearing, a ball screw and other low-friction transmission elements to reduce abrasion and prolong service life, and meanwhile, a part of advanced devices are additionally provided with vibration monitoring modules for feeding back the running state of equipment in real time and sending out alarm prompt when abrasion is out of tolerance so as to stop and maintain. However, in actual machining, particularly when the overhanging amount of a workpiece is large (such as large-scale die and blade machining), the overturning moment generated by cutting force can cause local eccentric wear of a slewing bearing, once the eccentric wear occurs, the rotation resistance moment can periodically fluctuate, the fluctuation can be reversely transmitted to a grinding area to cause instantaneous change of grinding depth so as to induce vibration lines on the surface of the workpiece and even grinding burn, the traditional vibration monitoring method can only give out 'post alarm' after the abrasion is accumulated to a certain extent, at the moment, the workpiece often has quality defects, and the production efficiency is seriously affected by frequent shutdown maintenance. Therefore, aiming at the technical problems that the prior art is difficult to actively intervene in time after eccentric wear of a rotary worktable, and the processing quality is reduced, the intelligent rotary device and method for the grinding machine with high precision and low wear are provided. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems that the rotary worktable in the prior art is difficult to actively interfere in time after eccentric wear occurs, and the processing quality is reduced. The technical scheme of the invention is that the intelligent turning device of the grinding machine with high precision and low abrasion is applied to the grinding machine, the grinding machine comprises a grinding main shaft and a grinding wheel arranged on the grinding main shaft, and the intelligent turning device comprises: the rotary workbench mechanism is used for bearing the workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate; the vibration monitoring unit is arranged on the rotary worktable mechanism and is used for collecting vibration signals of the rotary worktable mechanism in the running process; The servo driving unit is in transmission connection with the rotary table mechanism and is used for driving the rotary table mechanism to perform rotary motion according to preset motion parameters; The main shaft control unit is connected with the grinding main shaft and used for controlling grinding parameters of the grinding wheel; The central controller is respectively in communication connection with the vibration monitoring unit, the servo driving unit and the main shaft control unit; Wherein the central controller is configured to: Receiving the vibration signal, performing time-frequency domain analysis on the vibration signal, extracting a characteristic value related to the abrasion state of a mechanical transmission part in the rotary table mechanism, and forming an abrasion characteristic fingerprint; And generating a second control instruction based on the wear characteristic fingerprint and sending the second control instruction to the main shaft control unit so as to adjust the grinding parameter. The vibration monitoring unit continuously collects vibration signals of the rotary table mechanism and transmits the vibration signals to the central controller in the grinding process, the central controller separates frequency components related to fault characteristics such as bearing raceway damage and screw rod abrasion from complex vibration signals through time-frequency domain analysis and quantifies the frequency components into abrasion characteristic fingerprints, the fingerprints can quantitatively represent the abrasion state and degree of the current mechanical transmission part, then the central controller sends out instructions to the servo driving unit according to the fingerprint information, the motion trac