CN-122008097-A - High-precision abrasive cloth with gradient particle size abrasive distribution

CN122008097ACN 122008097 ACN122008097 ACN 122008097ACN-122008097-A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of abrasive cloth for grinding, polishing or sharpening and manufacturing thereof, in particular to high-precision abrasive cloth with gradient particle size abrasive distribution. The application can realize continuous cutting paths, high heat dissipation efficiency, good surface consistency and difficult falling of abrasive materials, and remarkably improves the grinding life and the processing precision.

Inventors

HUANG HAIMING
CHEN XUWU
ZHENG JIE
YIN TING

Assignees

常州市金牛研磨有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260312

Claims (9)

1. The preparation method of the high-precision abrasive cloth with gradient particle size abrasive distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S10, providing a flexible substrate, coating a precoating glue solution on the surface of the flexible substrate, wherein the precoating glue solution is formed by mixing phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyurethane resin according to a mass ratio of three to two to one, wherein the solid content is forty to sixty percent, the coating amount is eighty grams per square meter to one hundred twenty grams, and then drying the mixture at a temperature of ninety degrees to one hundred ten degrees centigrade for thirty minutes to sixty minutes to form a precoating; S20, sequentially carrying out three times of electrostatic sand planting operations on the surface of the precoat, wherein abrasive particles with different particle size ranges are used for each sand planting, a first-stage coarse abrasive with the particle size of one hundred micrometers to one hundred fifty micrometers is used for the first sand planting, a second-stage middle abrasive with the particle size of sixty micrometers to ninety micrometers is used for the second sand planting, and a third-stage fine abrasive with the particle size of twenty micrometers to forty micrometers is used for the third sand planting; S30, after finishing three sand planting, spraying a compound glue layer on the surface of the abrasive cloth, wherein the compound glue layer is formed by mixing modified phenolic resin and nano silicon dioxide sol according to a mass ratio of nine to twenty, wherein the solid content of the nano silicon dioxide sol is ten percent to twenty percent, the particle size is ten nanometers to thirty nanometers, and the spraying amount is forty grams to seventy grams per square meter; And S40, arranging the sand sprayed with the compound adhesive layer in a gradient heating oven for sectional curing treatment, wherein the temperature is kept for twenty minutes to forty minutes at the temperature of eighty degrees to one hundred degrees in the first stage, the temperature is kept for forty minutes to eighty minutes at the temperature of one hundred forty degrees to one hundred sixty degrees in the second stage, the temperature is kept for sixty minutes to eighty minutes at the temperature of one hundred eighty degrees to two hundred degrees in the third stage, and finally the abrasive fixing system with the three-dimensional gradient structure is formed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, the flexible substrate is a polyester fiber nonwoven fabric or a polyamide woven fabric, and the gram weight thereof is one hundred fifty grams per square meter to two hundred fifty grams per square meter, and the breaking strength is not lower than eight hundred newtons per five centimeters.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, a silane coupling agent of five to two percent of zero percent is further added to the precoat glue solution, and the silane coupling agent is γ -aminopropyl triethoxysilane or γ -glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S20, the first-stage coarse abrasive, the second-stage intermediate abrasive, and the third-stage fine abrasive are all ceramic microcrystalline alumina abrasives having a mohs hardness of not less than nine, a crystal structure of α -phase alumina, and a standard deviation of a particle size distribution of each of the abrasive grains is not more than ten μm.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S20, the time interval between three sand planting operations is not more than five minutes, and no intermediate baking or curing treatment is performed after each sand planting.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S20, the electrostatic field voltage for the second time is reduced by ten to twenty percent from the first time, and the electrostatic field voltage for the third time is reduced by ten to twenty percent from the second time.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S30, the modified phenolic resin is cardanol modified phenolic resin having a free phenol content of less than one hundred and five percent and a viscosity of from five hundred millipascal seconds to one thousand hundred millipascal seconds (twenty-five degrees celsius).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S40 is followed by a surface finishing step of sweeping the surface of the abrasive cloth with a rotating brush at a linear velocity of five to ten meters per second, so that the exposed height of the top surface fine abrasive is controlled to be in the range of five to fifteen micrometers.
9. The high-precision abrasive cloth with gradient particle size abrasive distribution is characterized by sequentially comprising a flexible matrix, a precoat, a gradient abrasive layer and a compound adhesive layer from bottom to top; the gradient abrasive layer comprises a three-layer abrasive distribution area, wherein a bottom layer is coarse abrasive with the particle size of one hundred micrometers to one hundred fifty micrometers, the depth of a precoat layer embedded in the bottom of particles is thirty micrometers to fifty micrometers, the top of the three-layer abrasive is higher than the surface of the precoat layer by fifty micrometers to eighty micrometers, a middle layer is middle abrasive with the particle size of sixty micrometers to ninety micrometers, the bottom of the particles is positioned between the surface of the precoat layer and twenty micrometers, the top of the three-layer abrasive is fine abrasive with the particle size of twenty micrometers to forty micrometers, the bottom of the particles is positioned between the surface of the precoat layer and the depth of five micrometers to twenty micrometers, the top of the three-layer abrasive is higher than the surface of the precoat layer by five micrometers to twenty micrometers, the distance between adjacent same-level abrasive particles is five times to two times the particle size of the particle, the overlapping area of different-level abrasive particles on a projection plane is not more than thirty percent of the projection area of single particles, the composite abrasive layer is divided into a three-layer cross-linking structure from the surface to the inside, the surface cross-linking density is eight to one point per cubic micrometer, the thickness is five micrometers to fifteen micrometers, the cross-linking density is five micrometers to fifteen micrometers, the thickness is five micrometers, the thickness of the cross-linking density is five micrometers to fifteen micrometers, the thickness is five micrometers, the cross-hundredth micrometers and the cross-linking area is five hundred micrometers and contains three-hundredth percent of cross-cubic silicon dioxide particles, the nano silicon dioxide particles are uniformly dispersed on the bottom layer of the compound adhesive layer and form Si-O-C covalent bonds with the phenolic resin.

Description

High-precision abrasive cloth with gradient particle size abrasive distribution Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of abrasive cloth for grinding, polishing or sharpening and manufacturing thereof, and particularly relates to high-precision abrasive cloth with gradient particle size distribution. Background The high-precision abrasive cloth is used as an important component of a coated abrasive tool and is widely applied to the surface processing field of metals, composite materials and precision parts. The performance quality of the adhesive is mainly determined by the matrix strength, the adhesive system and the type, the particle size and the distribution mode of the abrasive. The conventional abrasive cloth mostly adopts an abrasive material sand planting mode with single particle size or random mixed particle size, and although the conventional polishing requirement is met to a certain extent, the conventional abrasive cloth has obvious defects in the aspects of comprehensive performances such as high precision, high efficiency, long service life and the like. In recent years, in order to improve the cutting stability, heat dissipation and surface smoothness of abrasive cloth, industry is beginning to explore multi-component abrasive composite and structure optimization design. Patent CN112917400B discloses a high-performance composite material precision polishing abrasive cloth and a preparation method thereof, the abrasive cloth body sequentially comprises a matrix, a precoat, an abrasive layer and a compound glue layer, wherein the abrasive layer comprises a plurality of abrasive components such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, ceramic microcrystalline abrasive materials and the like, and is matched with a phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane and other adhesive systems. According to the technical scheme, the abrasive cloth has the cutting stability of the bonded abrasive tool and the flexibility of the coated abrasive tool through the composite abrasive material and the multi-layer adhesive structure, so that the grinding efficiency is remarkably improved, and the service life is prolonged. However, in the scheme, although various abrasive materials are mixed according to the weight portion, the spatial distribution of the abrasive materials with different particle sizes is not directionally controlled, so that the abrasive materials are in a random arrangement state in the sand planting process, and a cutting layer with a transition from thick to thin or gradient cannot be formed, thereby limiting the surface consistency and the processing efficiency of the abrasive materials in an ultra-precise polishing scene. Patent CN209579263U discloses a waterproof abrasive cloth for a precision numerically controlled grinder, wherein the abrasive layer comprises a first group, a second group and a third group of abrasive particles with different sizes, and the abrasive particles are alternately arranged on the polyurethane primer layer in a matrix form. The structure realizes the multi-stage cutting effect to a certain extent through the combination of the abrasive materials with different particle diameters, improves the polishing precision and prolongs the service life. However, the scheme simply and transversely alternately arranges the abrasive materials with different particle diameters, lacks a particle diameter gradient design along the thickness direction or the grinding depth direction of the abrasive cloth, and fails to construct a continuous cutting path integrating coarse grinding and fine grinding. In addition, the abrasive material arrangement depends on mechanical positioning, so that high consistency is difficult to maintain in high-speed continuous production, and gradient curing or permeation characteristics of the unbonded adhesive are synergistically optimized, so that early falling or blocking of the abrasive material is easy to occur in the use process, and the stability of the overall grinding performance is influenced. In summary, although the existing high-precision abrasive cloth technology has a certain progress in the aspects of abrasive material compounding and structural design, the existing high-precision abrasive cloth technology still has obvious defects in the aspect of spatial gradient distribution control of abrasive material particle sizes, and the dual requirements of high-efficiency coarse grinding and fine polishing are difficult to be met. Therefore, development of a high-precision abrasive cloth with gradient particle size abrasive distribution is needed, and the particle size level and arrangement rule of the abrasive materials on the surface and in the depth direction of the abrasive cloth are scientifically designed, so that gradual release of cutting force and effective heat dispersion are realized, and the quality of a machined surface, the grinding efficiency and the service life of a product are remarkably improved. Disclosure