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CN-122008650-A - Multi-effect functional non-woven fabric

CN122008650ACN 122008650 ACN122008650 ACN 122008650ACN-122008650-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of functional textile materials and filtering materials, and provides a multi-effect functional non-woven fabric. The invention adopts the synergistic design of the composite non-woven structure and the immobilized functional layer, wherein the composite non-woven structure is composed of the spun-bonded layer containing polyamide 6 and the melt-blown layer containing maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6, the immobilized functional layer contains quaternized chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate ion crosslinked nano particles and forms an amide bond through the ring-opening reaction of an anhydride group and an amino group to be firmly fixed on the surface of the composite non-woven structure, thereby realizing multiple performances such as low pressure drop high-flux filtration, high-efficiency particulate matter trapping, high positive charge antibacterial and hydrophilic multi-effect synergistic, long-acting stable fixation of the functional layer in a damp-heat environment and the like, solving the technical problem that the traditional filtration protective material is difficult to consider between performance synergistic, interface stability and process compatibility, and having wide application value in the fields such as air filtration, personal protection, medical sanitation and the like.

Inventors

  • LIAO AOQING
  • LIANG ZHENZHONG
  • XIE RONGYUE

Assignees

  • 广东标典无纺布科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260313

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The multi-effect functional non-woven fabric is characterized by comprising a composite non-woven structure and an immobilized functional layer; The composite nonwoven structure at least comprises a melt-blown layer and a spun-bonded layer, wherein the fiber components of the melt-blown layer and the spun-bonded layer both comprise polyamide 6, the melt-blown layer further comprises maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6, and the maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6 is obtained by reacting polyamide 6 with maleic anhydride in the presence of an initiator; The immobilized functional layer is arranged on the surface of the composite non-woven structure and comprises quaternized chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate ion crosslinking nano particles, and the immobilized functional layer is subjected to ring-opening reaction with amino groups of the quaternized chitosan through an anhydride group of the maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6 and forms an amide bond to be fixed on the surface of the composite non-woven structure.
  2. 2. The multi-effect functional nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6 is prepared by: A1. the raw material preparation comprises, by weight, 0.20-5.00 parts of maleic anhydride and 0.01-0.50 part of di-tert-butyl peroxide based on 100 parts of polyamide 6; A2. Reactive extrusion, namely, carrying out melt reactive extrusion at 220-260 ℃ for 1.0-5.0min under nitrogen atmosphere; A3. Granulating and post-treatment, namely extruding, granulating and drying to obtain the maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6; A4. and controlling the quality, wherein the grafting rate of the maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6 is 0.10-2.00wt%, and the grafting rate is the mass fraction of the grafting amount of the maleic anhydride relative to the total mass of the maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6.
  3. 3. The multi-effect functional nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the quaternized chitosan is prepared by: B1. the preparation of raw materials comprises the steps of dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain a uniform system, adding glycidol trimethyl ammonium chloride into the uniform system, and adjusting the pH value of a reaction system by adopting a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, wherein the weight of the glycidol trimethyl ammonium chloride is 10-80 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of chitosan; B2. quaternization reaction, namely reacting for 2-12h at 40-80 ℃ under the condition that the pH value of a reaction system is 8.0-10.0; B3. post-treatment, namely washing and drying the reaction product to obtain the quaternized chitosan; B4. The quality control is that the quaternized substitution degree of the quaternized chitosan is 0.10-0.80, and the quaternized substitution degree is the ratio of the mole number of quaternary ammonium groups to the mole number of chitosan glucosamine repeating units.
  4. 4. The multi-functional nonwoven fabric according to claim 3, wherein the quaternized chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate ionomer nanoparticle is prepared by: C1. Preparing raw materials, namely preparing the quaternized chitosan into an aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.10-2.00wt%, and preparing sodium tripolyphosphate into an aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.05-0.50 wt%; C2. Ionic crosslinking nucleation, namely adding the sodium tripolyphosphate aqueous solution at 20-40 ℃ under the condition that the pH value of the quaternized chitosan aqueous solution is 4.0-6.0, and reacting for 0.5-2.0h to obtain nanoparticle dispersion; C3. And controlling the quality, wherein the D50 of the nano particles is 50-300nm, and the D50 is the median diameter of the hydrated particle size measured by adopting a dynamic light scattering method.
  5. 5. The multi-effect functional nonwoven fabric according to claim 4, wherein the immobilized functional layer is formed by: D1. Applying the nanoparticle dispersion to the surface of the composite non-woven structure to increase the weight of the immobilized functional layer to 0.10-5.00g/m < 2 >; d2 Drying at 50-120deg.C for 1-30min; D3 Heat treatment, namely heat treatment is carried out for 0.5-10min at the temperature of 80-160 ℃ to enable the anhydride group of the maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6 to carry out ring opening reaction with the amino group of the quaternized chitosan and form an amide bond, thus obtaining the immobilized functional layer.
  6. 6. The multi-effect functional nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, wherein any one or any of the following characteristics is satisfied: The composite non-woven structure is one of an SMS structure, an SMMS structure or an SMMMS structure; The melt-blown layer has a fiber average diameter of 0.8-5.0 μm; the fiber average diameter of the spun-bonded layer is 10-30 mu m; the mass fraction of maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6 in the melt blown layer is 1.0 to 30.0wt%, based on the total mass of the polymer of the melt blown layer.
  7. 7. The method for preparing multi-effect functional non-woven fabric according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: S1, preparing maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6, namely carrying out melt reaction extrusion on the polyamide 6, maleic anhydride and di-tert-butyl peroxide to obtain maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6; S2, forming a net, namely preparing a spun-bonded layer by taking polyamide 6 as a raw material, preparing a melt-blown layer by taking a mixture of polyamide 6 and maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6 as a raw material, and compositing the spun-bonded layer and the melt-blown layer to obtain a composite non-woven structure, wherein the target surface subjected to surface immobilization treatment in the subsequent step S4 is set as the corresponding surface of a fiber layer containing maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6; s3, preparing a nanoparticle dispersion, namely reacting chitosan with glycidol trimethyl ammonium chloride to obtain quaternized chitosan, and carrying out ionic crosslinking on the quaternized chitosan by adopting sodium tripolyphosphate to obtain the nanoparticle dispersion; S4, surface immobilization, namely applying the nanoparticle dispersion to the surface of the composite non-woven structure, and sequentially drying and heat treating to enable the anhydride group of the maleic anhydride grafted polyamide 6 and the amino group of the quaternized chitosan to undergo a ring opening reaction and form an amide bond, so that an immobilization functional layer is obtained.
  8. 8. The process according to claim 7, wherein in step S1, maleic anhydride is used in an amount of 0.20 to 5.00 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyamide 6; In the step S1, the extrusion temperature of the melting reaction is 220-260 ℃ and the residence time is 1.0-5.0min.
  9. 9. The process according to claim 7, wherein in step S3, the pH of the quaternization reaction is 8.0-10.0, the temperature is 40-80 ℃ and the time is 2-12 hours; In the step S3, the pH value of ionic crosslinking nucleation is 4.0-6.0, the temperature is 20-40 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2.0h.
  10. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein in step S2, the melt-blown layer has a fiber average diameter of 0.8 to 5.0. Mu.m, and the spunbond layer has a fiber average diameter of 10 to 30. Mu.m.

Description

Multi-effect functional non-woven fabric Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of functional textile materials and filtering materials, in particular to a multi-effect functional non-woven fabric. Background With the acceleration of the industrialization process, the demands of nonwoven materials for air filtration and personal protection in the fields of public health, medical protection, industrial dust removal, civil air purification and the like continue to increase. The material needs to meet the performance requirements of multiple dimensions in practical application, namely, firstly, the cooperation of low pressure drop and high flux must be realized on the premise of ensuring high-efficiency particulate matter trapping so as to ensure wearing comfort and long-time use feasibility, secondly, the material needs to keep stable filtering efficiency and mechanical strength under wet and hot service environments (such as vapor generated by breathing and temperature rise) so as to avoid protection failure caused by loosening of fiber structures or falling of functional layers, and thirdly, the material surface needs to have lasting antibacterial performance aiming at medical and public places so as to inhibit microorganism breeding and reduce secondary pollution risks, and furthermore, the material needs to be hydrophilic so as to improve wearing comfort and reduce skin irritation caused by electrostatic adsorption. Meeting the above-mentioned comprehensive performance demands has important significance for improving the practicability of the filtering protective material, expanding the application range of the filtering protective material in the fields of medical treatment and sanitation and environmental protection and promoting the technological progress of related industries. In view of the above performance requirements, the prior art mainly realizes additional functions of antibacterial and hydrophilic by applying functional coatings or nanoparticles on the surface of the non-woven fabric, but suffers from a plurality of defects in practical application. Firstly, the binding force between the functional layer fixed by the traditional physical adsorption or electrostatic adsorption mode and the base material is weak, the functional layer is easy to fall off or migrate under the action of damp and hot environment or mechanical friction, so that the functional durability is insufficient, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN116617439A discloses a chitosan composite hemostatic dressing and a manufacturing method thereof, but the electrostatic spinning base cloth and a chitosan sponge part lack of chemical bonding, and the functional layer is seriously stripped after repeated use or washing. Secondly, the existing chemical immobilization method mostly adopts an exogenous crosslinking agent (such as glutaraldehyde and epoxy compounds), although the bonding strength can be improved, the residue of the crosslinking agent and uncontrollability of the crosslinking reaction easily lead to inactivation of antibacterial active substances and decrease of material biocompatibility, and the crosslinking process often needs harsh reaction conditions (strong acid and strong alkali or high-temperature long-time treatment), so that the energy consumption cost is increased, the fiber structure of a base material is possibly damaged, and the mechanical property is reduced, for example, the Chinese patent publication No. CN104436279A discloses a preparation method of the chitosan medical biological antibacterial dressing, but the toxicity of glutaraldehyde influences the application of the chitosan medical biological antibacterial dressing in the medical protection field. Thirdly, aiming at immobilization of the nanoparticle functional layer, the prior art is difficult to achieve balance between ensuring immobilization sufficiency (namely forming stable chemical bonds) and maintaining active structures (such as an ionic crosslinking network and positive charge density) of the nanoparticle, the quaternized chitosan is degraded or nanoparticle agglomeration and inactivation can be caused by excessively high heat treatment temperature or excessively long reaction time, and the functional layer can be gradually lost in the use process due to insufficient immobilization reaction under mild conditions. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a multi-effect functional non-woven fabric, which solves the technical problems that the existing non-woven material for filtration/protection is in low pressure drop high flux and high-efficiency trapping and multi-effect surface function cooperation, the strength wear resistance of a composite non-woven structure and the interface stability of a hydrophilic high-positive antibacterial functional layer in a wet and hot service environment are difficult to be compatible with each other, and the heat treatment sufficiency required by acid anhydri