CN-122008870-A - Low-voltage system intelligent power distribution device and method suitable for high-performance vehicle

CN122008870ACN 122008870 ACN122008870 ACN 122008870ACN-122008870-A

Abstract

The invention provides a low-voltage system intelligent power distribution device and method suitable for a high-performance vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle electrical control. The device comprises a main control unit, N paths of independent power distribution branches and a power supply module, wherein each power distribution branch is integrated with a hardware protection module, the hardware protection module is configured to monitor electrical parameters of the power distribution branch and trigger hardware-level protection actions when a preset hardware fault condition is detected, the main control unit is configured to execute data processing, logic judgment and communication interaction, the main control unit collects the electrical parameters of each power distribution branch through a data collection module, calculates the change rate of the electrical parameters, judges potential fault trend and generates early warning instructions in advance. The invention also provides an intelligent power distribution method of the low-voltage system. The invention solves the problems of lag response, lack of self-healing capability and poor synergy of the existing power distribution system, and remarkably improves the safety, reliability and energy management efficiency of the low-voltage power distribution system.

Inventors

WEI YAKANG
ZHU XIAOZHANG
ZHAO XINGLIN
FAN WENWEN

Assignees

电子科技大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260325

Claims (10)

1. The intelligent low-voltage system power distribution device suitable for the high-performance vehicle is characterized by comprising a main control unit, N paths of independent power distribution branches and a power supply module; The main control unit is configured to perform data processing, logic judgment and communication interaction, receive fault indication signals and real-time electrical parameters of each power distribution branch, generate control instructions to drive the switching state of each power distribution branch, and perform bidirectional data interaction with the vehicle main control system through the vehicle-mounted communication interface; Each power distribution branch is connected to the main control unit respectively, and each power distribution branch is used for independently controlling the power supply on-off of one path of load; each power distribution branch is integrated with a hardware protection module, and the hardware protection module is configured to monitor electrical parameters of the power distribution branch, trigger a hardware level protection action when a preset hardware fault condition is detected, and send a fault indication signal to the main control unit; The power supply module is used for providing energy for the whole circuit system, each power distribution branch is connected to the power supply module in parallel, the power supply module provides 24V direct current power for supplying power to the power distribution branch, and a power management circuit is built at the periphery of the main control unit and used for converting the 24V direct current power provided by the power supply module into 5V and 3.3V power required by the work of the main control unit in a buck mode.
2. The intelligent power distribution device of a low-voltage system suitable for a high-performance vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a power distribution branch core is integrated with a hardware protection module, and when a hardware fault condition is detected, the hardware protection module automatically performs a hardware level protection action to quickly cut off an output path of a corresponding power distribution branch and simultaneously send a fault indication signal to a main control unit; the hardware fault condition comprises one or more of overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, short circuit and reverse connection protection circuits; the hardware level protection action includes cutting off the output path of the power distribution branch and locking the state of the power distribution branch to an off state until a reset signal from the main control unit is received.
3. The intelligent power distribution device of the low-voltage system suitable for the high-performance vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the main control unit further comprises a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module is used for acquiring electrical parameters of each power distribution branch circuit at a preset sampling frequency, a data filtering program is operated in the main control unit and is used for carrying out smoothing processing on the electrical parameters acquired by the data acquisition module and calculating a change rate, and when the change rate exceeds a preset abrupt change threshold, the potential fault trend is judged and an early warning instruction is generated in advance.
4. The intelligent low-voltage system power distribution apparatus for high-performance vehicles according to claim 1, wherein filter capacitors are respectively arranged at the input end and the output end of the power management circuit for supplying power to the main control unit for suppressing voltage ripple and high-frequency interference.
5. The low voltage system intelligent power distribution device for high performance vehicles of claim 1, wherein the main control unit comprises a clock system comprising a 25MHz external high speed crystal oscillator and a 32.768kHz low speed crystal oscillator for providing high precision timing reference and low power consumption operation support.
6. A low-voltage system intelligent power distribution method suitable for high-performance vehicles, which is applied to the low-voltage system intelligent power distribution device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, a main control unit performs an initialization step, namely loading a power distribution strategy model, and associating a load type label, a priority weight and a fault grading standard for each power distribution branch; S2, the main control unit calls an internal data acquisition module to execute a monitoring step, namely acquiring the electrical parameters of each power distribution branch and the running state parameters of the vehicle in real time; step S3, the main control unit dynamically adjusts the current priority weight of each power distribution branch based on the vehicle running state parameters; Step S4, the main control unit executes a response step according to the feedback of the hardware protection module and the analysis result of the software, wherein when the main control unit monitors a fault event, the main control unit executes a control action according to the type and the severity of the fault event and matching the corresponding hierarchical response strategy; And S5, the main control unit performs a cooperative step through the CAN interface, namely, the power distribution system state information and the fault log are packaged and then sent to the vehicle main control system, and a control instruction from the vehicle main control system is analyzed and executed.
7. The intelligent power distribution method of the low-voltage system suitable for the high-performance vehicle according to claim 6, wherein in the step S2, the main control unit performs smoothing processing on the collected electrical parameters, a recursive filtering algorithm is adopted, an updated estimated value of the current time is obtained by combining a state estimated value of the previous sampling time and an observed value of the current sampling time, the main control unit further calculates a change rate according to the ratio of the difference between the updated estimated values of adjacent times and a sampling period, and when the change rate is continuously larger than a mutation threshold value within a preset time window or the accumulated change amount exceeds the preset threshold value, the potential fault trend of the corresponding power distribution branch is judged.
8. The intelligent power distribution method of low-voltage system suitable for high-performance vehicle according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, the priority weight is dynamically adjusted to reorder the power supply guarantee level of each power distribution branch when the power supply capacity is limited, the overall vehicle mode is switched or the risk of fault diffusion is increased, so as to preferentially maintain the power supply of the safety critical type and the core load required by the current working condition, and to execute the degradation power supply, delay recovery or preferential disconnection control on the non-critical type load; if the state of charge (SOC) of the battery reported by the battery management system is monitored to be lower than a first preset threshold value, the priority of a power distribution branch corresponding to a safety key type load attribute label is improved, the priority of a power distribution branch corresponding to a non-key auxiliary type load is reduced, and if the vehicle is monitored to enter any one of a racing mode, an energy-saving mode or a common mode to preset a driving mode, the priority of an actuator type or a functional type load related to the mode is improved.
9. The intelligent power distribution method for a low voltage system suitable for high performance vehicles according to claim 6, wherein the step S4 of classifying the response strategy comprises: The first-level response is that when the fault event is short circuit or serious overcurrent, permanent turn-off operation is immediately executed on the corresponding power distribution branch, the state of the power distribution branch is locked, and automatic recovery is forbidden until an external explicit reset instruction is received; The second-level response is that when the fault event is continuous overload or abnormal voltage fluctuation, after the turn-off operation is executed, a timer is started to delay, and after the timing is finished, the automatic reclosing operation is tried to be executed once; And the third-stage response is to record fault event information and dynamically adjust software protection threshold parameters when the fault event is instantaneous interference or slight parameter deviation.
10. The intelligent power distribution method for low voltage system of high performance vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the control command in step S5 includes at least one of: remotely modifying protection threshold parameters of a designated power distribution branch; remotely and forcedly resetting a designated power distribution branch in a locked state; remotely updating the version of the power distribution strategy model; And inquiring historical fault logs and electric parameter waveform data in a specified time period.

Description

Low-voltage system intelligent power distribution device and method suitable for high-performance vehicle Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle electrical control, and particularly relates to an intelligent low-voltage system power distribution device and method suitable for high-performance vehicles (such as equation racing vehicles, high-performance electric vehicles and the like), in particular to a distributed power distribution system with hardware multidimensional protection, software intelligent scheduling, fault grading self-healing and whole vehicle coordination capacity. Background In high-performance vehicles, particularly in application scenes such as formula racing cars, the reliability and the intelligent level of a low-voltage power distribution system directly influence the safety, the response speed and the comprehensive performance of the whole vehicle. The low-voltage distribution scheme existing in the market at present is mostly based on a traditional relay fuse structure or a primary intelligent protection module, and the existing scheme has a certain multi-dimensional electrical protection capability and a basic remote control function, but still has the following significant technical bottleneck and improvement space. 1) The protection mechanism is passive and single, and the traditional scheme is mostly dependent on a fuse or a simple relay, can cut off a circuit only after a fault occurs, lacks the predictive capability based on data trend, and is easy to cause response lag or malfunction under transient interference. 2) The fault recovery relies on manual work, and the existing intelligent power distribution module generally adopts a fault, namely locking, strategy, and manual reset is needed once the protection is triggered. For non-permanent faults (such as transient surges), the treatment mode can cause interruption of key functions of the vehicle, and the driving safety and continuity are seriously affected. 3) The lack of dynamic energy management, i.e. the load priority is usually fixed, and the power supply strategy cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time working conditions of the vehicle (such as low battery and extreme driving mode), so that the critical safety load may not be guaranteed preferentially under the condition of limited energy. 4) The system integration level and the synergy are poor, the traditional discrete device scheme is large in size and heavy in weight, each module works independently, deep data interaction and cooperative control with a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and a Battery Management System (BMS) are difficult, and remote configuration and OTA upgrading cannot be supported. Therefore, development of a novel intelligent power distribution scheme integrating rapid hardware protection, intelligent software decision, self-adaptive fault recovery and complete vehicle depth coordination is needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a low-voltage system intelligent power distribution device and method suitable for a high-performance vehicle, which realize the deep fusion of hardware rapid protection and millisecond software intelligent scheduling so as to solve the technical problems of difficult protection and recovery, poor coordination and low integration level in the prior art. In order to solve the technical problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: The intelligent low-voltage system power distribution device suitable for the high-performance vehicle comprises a main control unit, N paths of independent power distribution branches and a power supply module; the main control unit is configured to perform data processing, logic judgment and communication interaction, receive fault indication signals and real-time electrical parameters of each power distribution branch, generate control instructions to drive the switching state of each power distribution branch, and perform bidirectional data interaction with the vehicle main control system through the vehicle-mounted communication interface; each power distribution branch is respectively connected to the main control unit and used for independently controlling the power supply on-off of one path of load, and each power distribution branch is integrated with a hardware protection module which is configured to monitor the electrical parameters of the power distribution branch and trigger a hardware level protection action when a preset hardware fault condition is detected, and meanwhile, a fault indication signal is sent to the main control unit; The power supply module is used for providing energy for the whole circuit system, each power distribution branch is connected to the power supply module in parallel, the power supply module provides 24V direct current power for supplying power to the power distribution branch, and a power management circuit is built at the periphery of the main control unit and