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CN-122009103-A - Intelligent wheel end thermal management system for electrically driven truck and control method

CN122009103ACN 122009103 ACN122009103 ACN 122009103ACN-122009103-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheel end intelligent thermal management system and a control method for an electrically driven truck, which relate to the technical field of thermal management of electrically driven trucks, in particular to a wheel end intelligent thermal management system and a control method for an electrically driven truck, wherein the system comprises a perception layer, a decision layer, an execution layer and an interaction layer, the sensing layer collects data such as wheel end temperature, brake pressure and the like through various sensors, the intelligent thermal management controller of the decision layer fuses multi-source information and executes a control algorithm, the execution layer is provided with three subsystems of active air cooling, accurate fog cooling and liquid cooling thermal management, and the interaction layer is communicated with a relevant system of the whole vehicle through a high-speed CAN bus. The control method executes a layered progressive cooling strategy through multi-source information acquisition and fusion, thermal power calculation and temperature prediction, and also has a waste heat recovery cooperative control, a safety arbitration and a fault safety mechanism. The system and the method can accurately regulate and control the temperature of the wheel end, ensure braking safety, recover waste heat to preserve heat of the battery, and improve running reliability and energy efficiency of the vehicle.

Inventors

  • LIN YANAN

Assignees

  • 林亚南

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260130

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The intelligent wheel-end thermal management system for the electric drive truck is characterized by comprising a sensing layer, a decision layer, an execution layer and an interaction layer, wherein the sensing layer is used for collecting data such as wheel-end temperature, brake pressure and tire temperature, the decision layer is an intelligent thermal management controller and used for fusing multi-source information and executing a control algorithm, the execution layer comprises an active air cooling subsystem, a precise fog cooling subsystem and a liquid cooling thermal management subsystem, and the interaction layer is communicated with a Vehicle Controller (VCU), a Battery Management System (BMS) and an anti-lock braking system (ABS) through a high-speed CAN bus.
  2. 2. The intelligent heat management system of the wheel end according to claim 1, wherein the active air cooling subsystem comprises a high-speed centrifugal fan and an intelligent air guide sleeve, the rated power of the high-speed centrifugal fan is 150W to 250W, the maximum air quantity is not less than 30m < 3 >/min, the intelligent air guide sleeve is made of aviation aluminum alloy, an electric adjusting guide plate is arranged in the intelligent air guide sleeve, and the air outlet angle can be adjusted according to the running direction and the air speed of a vehicle.
  3. 3. The intelligent wheel-end heat management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the accurate mist cooling subsystem comprises piezoelectric ceramic atomizing nozzles, a stainless steel liquid storage tank and a miniature magnetic force driving diaphragm pump, each brake is provided with 2 to 4 atomizing nozzles, water can be broken into mist drops of 5 to 20 micrometers, the liquid storage tank has a volume of 8 to 12L, a liquid level sensor and an electric heater are arranged in the liquid storage tank, and the intelligent wheel-end heat management system has an antifreezing function.
  4. 4. The intelligent wheel-end heat management system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-cooled heat management subsystem comprises a 3D printing liquid-cooled heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger and a three-way reversing valve, the 3D printing liquid-cooled heat exchanger is integrated inside a brake drum and used for capturing braking heat flow, and the three-way reversing valve can switch a heat dissipation loop and a waste heat recovery loop to realize heat distribution between a radiator and battery cooling liquid.
  5. 5. The intelligent wheel-end heat management system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing layer comprises a non-contact infrared temperature sensor, a contact thermocouple and a brake pressure sensor, wherein the non-contact infrared temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of a friction surface of a brake disc, the temperature is in a range of 0-600 ℃ and the precision is +/-5 ℃, and the contact thermocouple is used for checking and redundancy backup.
  6. 6. The intelligent wheel end thermal management control method for the electrically driven truck is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) The multi-source information acquisition and fusion are carried out, namely, data such as the temperature, the braking pressure, the vehicle speed, the environment temperature, the vehicle load, the road gradient and the like of the four-wheel brake disc are acquired; (2) Braking heat input power calculation according to the formula Calculating the heat input power of a single brake disc; (3) Calculating the total heat loss power of natural convection heat dissipation, forced air cooling heat dissipation and atomization evaporation heat dissipation ; (4) Brake disc temperature prediction and update based on energy conservation law through formula Predicting the temperature of a brake disc at the next moment; (5) A cooling strategy decision, namely comparing the predicted temperature with a preset threshold value, and executing a layered progressive cooling strategy; (6) And the waste heat recovery and cooperative control is that when the BMS sends out a battery heating request and the temperature of the wheel end is higher than a recoverable threshold value, the liquid cooling loop is switched to a waste heat recovery mode.
  7. 7. The control method of claim 6, wherein the cooling strategy comprises: A standby/monitoring mode in which only the temperature is monitored when the predicted temperature is <150 ℃; In the primary cooling mode, when the predicted temperature is 150 ℃ or less and is less than 300 ℃, an active air cooling subsystem is started, and the rotating speed is linearly increased along with the temperature; a secondary cooling mode, wherein when the predicted temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃ and less than 450 ℃, the accurate fog cooling subsystem is started, and VCU is requested to enhance regenerative braking; And in the overheat protection mode, when the predicted temperature is more than or equal to 450 ℃, an audible and visual alarm is triggered to request the VCU to limit the power output of the vehicle.
  8. 8. The control method of claim 6, wherein the waste heat recovery and cooperative control further comprises a safety arbitration mechanism that prioritizes braking cooling and dynamically reduces or shuts off waste heat recovery flow if wheel end temperature approaches a fog trigger threshold.
  9. 9. The control method of claim 6, further comprising a fail-safe strategy for estimating temperature and lowering a cooling response threshold using historical data when a sensor fails, locking a fault function and attempting other actuator compensation when an actuator fails, and switching to a stand-alone cooling mode when communication is interrupted.
  10. 10. The intelligent thermal management system for a wheel end or the control method according to claim 1, wherein the system and the method are applicable to a pure electric truck and a plug-in hybrid power truck, and in the plug-in hybrid power truck, when an internal combustion engine is started, the system is automatically switched to a basic mode focusing on braking safe cooling or the battery is insulated by utilizing the waste heat of the engine in a synergic mode.

Description

Intelligent wheel end thermal management system for electrically driven truck and control method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of electric drive truck thermal management, in particular to an intelligent thermal management system for a wheel end of an electric drive truck and a control method. Background With the rapid development of new energy automobile industry, electrically driven trucks (including pure electric trucks and plug-in hybrid electric trucks) are increasingly widely used in the fields of logistics transportation, urban distribution and the like by virtue of the advantages of environmental protection and low energy consumption. However, compared with the traditional fuel trucks, the power transmission structure and the braking mode of the electrically driven trucks are obviously different, and the thermal management challenges of the wheel end braking system are more remarkable. The electric drive truck usually relies on motor braking and mechanical braking to work cooperatively, and under the working conditions of long downhill, heavy load transportation, frequent start and stop and the like, the mechanical braking needs to be continuously intervened to ensure the running safety, and a large amount of heat can be generated due to the intense friction between a brake disc and a brake pad. Because the chassis space layout of the electrically driven truck is compact, the heat dissipation environment of the wheel end is limited, the temperature of the brake disc is rapidly increased due to heat accumulation, when the temperature exceeds a critical value, the brake heat fading phenomenon is caused, the brake efficiency is reduced, the brake distance is prolonged, even the brake is invalid when the brake efficiency is serious, and great hidden danger is brought to the driving safety. Meanwhile, the excessive temperature of the wheel end can be conducted to parts such as a tire, a hub bearing and the like, so that the aging of rubber and the abrasion of the bearing are accelerated, the service life of parts is shortened, and the maintenance cost of a vehicle is increased. At present, the wheel end cooling mode of the existing electric drive truck mainly comprises passive heat dissipation, and a part of vehicle types are provided with simple forced air cooling devices, but the problems of low cooling efficiency and insufficient regulation and control precision generally exist. The traditional forced air cooling lacks an intelligent regulation mechanism, the rotating speed of a fan is fixed, and the heat dissipation requirement is difficult to be accurately matched according to the actual temperature change, so that energy waste is caused at low temperature, or the heat dissipation requirement cannot be met at high temperature. In addition, the prior art does not fully consider the recycling of the braking waste heat, a large amount of heat generated by braking is directly dissipated into the environment to cause energy waste, the cruising ability of the power battery of the electric drive truck in a low-temperature environment is obviously reduced, and the battery is heated by consuming extra electric energy, so that the contradiction between energy consumption and cruising anxiety is further aggravated. Meanwhile, the safety and reliability of the existing wheel end thermal management system are to be improved. Part of the systems lack perfect fault coping mechanisms, when a sensor fails, an actuator fails or communication is interrupted, the problems of temperature monitoring misalignment, cooling function failure and the like are easy to occur, and the cooling strategy has insufficient cooperativity with other systems (such as a battery management system and a whole vehicle controller) of the whole vehicle, so that the high-efficiency recovery of waste heat is difficult to realize on the premise of ensuring the braking safety. In a plug-in hybrid power truck, the waste heat generated during the starting of an internal combustion engine is not effectively utilized, and the suitability of a wheel end thermal management system is poor during the switching of different power modes, so that the dual requirements of braking safety and energy conservation cannot be met. Therefore, research and development of a wheel end intelligent heat management system with accurate temperature control, intelligent regulation and control, waste heat recovery and high reliability and a control method thereof solve the problems of overheating of the wheel end of an electrically driven cargo truck, low heat dissipation efficiency, energy waste and the like, and become a technical bottleneck to be broken through in the current new energy truck field. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an intelligent heat management system and a control method for a wheel end of an electrically driven truck, which accurately regulate and control the temperature of the wheel end through multi