CN-122009268-A - Method and system for recycling and filling sand special for railway locomotive

CN122009268ACN 122009268 ACN122009268 ACN 122009268ACN-122009268-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for recycling and filling sand special for a railway locomotive, which comprise the following steps: firstly, collecting used sand, then sequentially carrying out crushing pretreatment, drying and dehydration, multi-stage granularity screening and quality inspection, and finally automatically filling the qualified reclaimed sand into a railway locomotive sand box. The invention can effectively solve the problems of used sand wetting and caking and impurity doping, restore the performance to the available standard, realize the recycling of special sand, reduce the material cost and the disposal cost, reduce the labor intensity of operators by mechanical and automatic means, improve the sand adding operation efficiency and safety, and be used for the recycling and automatic filling of special sand in the advanced locomotive repairing process.

Inventors

LIU WENBIN
ZHI LIWEI
YANG JIAN
HUANG JIANGZHONG
YANG ZHISHENG
YE BIN
Cao Zengwang

Assignees

天津电力机车有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260129

Claims (8)

1. A method for automatically recovering and filling sand specially used for railway locomotive is characterized by that the old sand is collected, then the crushing pretreatment, drying and dewatering, multi-stage granularity screening and quality inspection are successively carried out, and finally the regenerated sand qualified in inspection is automatically filled into the sand box of railway locomotive.
2. The method for recovering and filling sand specially used for railway locomotives according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific process of the method comprises the following steps: S1, recycling sand, namely enabling a railway locomotive to enter a locomotive maintenance platform of advanced maintenance, and recycling old sand in a sand box to a centralized processing point; S2, crushing pretreatment, namely crushing agglomerate sand in the used sand at the centralized treatment point by using a crusher, and removing visible impurities; s3, drying and dehydrating, namely conveying the sand subjected to crushing pretreatment into a sand baking furnace for gradient drying and dehydrating, wherein the drying temperature is controlled to be 150-200 ℃; s4, multi-stage granularity screening, namely conveying the dried and dehydrated sand grains into a multi-layer vibrating screen for multi-stage granularity screening; s5, quality inspection, namely sampling and inspecting the screened target reclaimed sand, mainly detecting the water content, the granularity distribution and the cleanliness of the target reclaimed sand, and ensuring that the target reclaimed sand meets the special sand standard of a railway locomotive; and S6, filling the reclaimed sand, namely automatically filling the reclaimed sand which is qualified in the inspection to a locomotive sand box.
3. The method for recycling and filling sand specially used for railway locomotives according to claim 2, wherein in the step S4, the dried and dehydrated sand grains are sent into a multi-layer vibrating screen for multi-level granularity screening, and the concrete process is as follows: firstly, screening out particles with the particle size of more than 2mm and uncrushed impurities through a first layer of screen mesh with the pore size of 2 mm; Then, sieving dust and ineffective components smaller than 0.5mm through a second layer of sieve with the aperture of 0.5 mm; finally, coarse grains trapped on the first layer of screen mesh return to the crushing pretreatment process, sand grains trapped between the first layer of screen mesh and the second layer of screen mesh are target reclaimed sand, and dust trapped under the second layer of screen mesh is collected.
4. The method for recycling and filling sand specially used for railway locomotives according to claim 2, wherein the screened target reclaimed sand is sampled in a timing and quantitative manner in the step S5, the water content, the granularity distribution and the cleanliness of the target reclaimed sand are detected, the sand meeting the sand standards specially used for railway locomotives is judged to be qualified sand, otherwise, the sand is judged to be unqualified sand, the qualified sand is conveyed to a sand storage bin, and the unqualified sand is conveyed to a reworking buffer bin.
5. An automatic sand recovery and filling system for a railway locomotive based on the sand recovery and filling method for the railway locomotive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising an intelligent recovery and pretreatment subsystem, a drying and dehumidification subsystem, a multi-stage screening and grading subsystem, an on-line quality inspection and decision subsystem, an automatic pneumatic filling subsystem and an intelligent control center; The intelligent recovery and pretreatment subsystem comprises a vehicle-mounted negative pressure recovery device and a pretreatment module; the pretreatment module comprises a crusher, a primary drum screen, a strong magnetic iron remover and a weighing sensor, sand materials in the centralized treatment box are conveyed into the crusher through a conveying belt, the crushed sand materials are conveyed into the primary drum screen through the conveying belt to be primarily screened, large particle impurities are screened out, the screened sand materials are conveyed to a drying and dehumidifying subsystem through the conveying belt, iron removal treatment is carried out on the sand materials in the middle of the sand materials through the strong magnetic iron remover, the weighing sensor is integrated below the conveying belt, the sand material flow is measured in real time, and data transmission is carried out to an intelligent control center; The drying and dehumidifying subsystem comprises a sand baking furnace and a near infrared moisture meter, wherein the sand materials after sieving are conveyed into the sand baking furnace through a conveying belt to carry out gradient drying and dewatering, and the sand materials after drying and dewatering are conveyed into the multistage screening and grading subsystem through the conveying belt; The multistage screening and grading subsystem comprises a multilayer vibrating screen, wherein the dried and dehydrated sand grains are sent into the multilayer vibrating screen to carry out multistage granularity screening, particles with the particle size of more than 2mm and uncrushed impurities are removed through a first layer of screen with the aperture of 2mm, dust and ineffective components with the particle size of less than 0.5mm are removed through a second layer of screen with the aperture of 0.5 mm; The on-line quality inspection and decision subsystem comprises an automatic sampler and a detection module, wherein the automatic sampler is arranged at a target reclaimed sand discharge port of the multilayer vibrating screen and is used for timing and quantitative sampling; the detection module is used for carrying out water content detection, particle size distribution detection and cleanliness visual detection on the sample sand, uploading detection data to the intelligent control center in real time, and controlling qualified sand materials to be conveyed to a sand storage bin of the automatic pneumatic filling subsystem after analysis and judgment, and unqualified sand materials to be conveyed to a reworking buffer bin; And the automatic pneumatic filling subsystem is used for sealing and quantitatively automatically conveying qualified sand materials in the sand storage bin into a railway locomotive sand box through pneumatic conveying.
6. The automatic sand recycling and filling system for the railway locomotive according to claim 5, wherein the sand baking furnace is a closed-loop type hot air circulation sand baking furnace with a plurality of sections of temperature control areas, the temperature of hot air is controlled and regulated by an intelligent control center, and the interior of the sand baking furnace is sequentially divided into a preheating area 80-120 ℃, a constant temperature drying area 150-200 ℃ and a slow cooling area <100 ℃ from an inlet to an outlet, so that gradient heating and cooling of sand are realized.
7. The automatic sand recycling and filling system for railway locomotives according to claim 5, wherein the detection module comprises a rapid weightless method moisture analyzer, a laser particle size analyzer and an industrial camera, wherein the rapid weightless method moisture analyzer is used for detecting the moisture content of sample sand, the laser particle size analyzer is used for detecting the particle size distribution of the sample sand, and the industrial camera is used for detecting the cleanliness vision of the sample sand and identifying non-sand impurities.
8. The automatic sand recycling and filling system for the railway locomotive is characterized in that an industrial control computer or a high-performance programmable logic controller is adopted by the intelligent control center, and the intelligent control center is integrated with the following functions of visual monitoring of technological processes, formulation management, data tracing and reporting, fault diagnosis and alarm.

Description

Method and system for recycling and filling sand special for railway locomotive Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of maintenance of railway locomotives, and particularly relates to a method and a system for recycling and filling sand special for a railway locomotive. Background The special sand (most quartz sand) for the railway locomotive is a key consumable for guaranteeing the running safety of the locomotive, has the core effect of increasing the adhesive force between wheel tracks, effectively prevents dangerous working conditions such as wheel set idling, sliding and the like in the starting, braking or climbing processes of the locomotive, and has irreplaceable effects on improving the running stability and safety of the locomotive. However, due to the complex operation environment of railway locomotives, the special sand generally has two core problems in long-term storage (storage in a sand box) and actual use, namely, the sand is extremely easy to damp and agglomerate due to the influence of environmental humidity, so that the fluidity of sand is reduced, and the special sand which is invalid in the sand box is required to be treated because of the attenuation of the sealing performance of the sand box, the mixing of foreign matters in the overhaul process and other improper maintenance conditions, and the possibility of mixing with impurities such as soil, river sand, metal scraps and the like, the use efficiency of the special sand is seriously damaged by the problems, and the core requirement of improving the adhesive force of wheel rails cannot be met. At present, in the advanced railway locomotive repairing process (such as C5 repairing and C6 repairing), aiming at the old special sand which is wetted and agglomerated or contains impurities in the sand box, the technical scheme commonly adopted in the industry is that an maintainer directly discards the old sand as solid waste completely and then fills new special sand into the sand box in a manual mode. The manual filling operation is specifically implemented by an operator through simple tools such as a spade and a funnel, and a series of operation flows such as new sand carrying, dumping, filling, sand box leveling and the like are sequentially completed. The prior art scheme has a plurality of outstanding defects, becomes a key bottleneck which restricts the improvement of the advanced maintenance efficiency of the locomotive, increases the maintenance cost and does not accord with the green maintenance development concept, and is specifically as follows: (1) The resource waste and the high-cost enterprise coexist, namely the purchase cost of special sand (especially quartz sand) for railway locomotives is higher, most sand grains in the invalid old sand still have recycling value, the existing scheme directly discards the sand grains, so that the waste of valuable sand resources is caused, the purchase cost of new sand and the solid waste treatment cost of old sand are additionally increased, and the environment-friendly, energy-saving and consumption-reducing overhaul concept advocated by the current railway industry is seriously contradicted. (2) The operation efficiency is low, the maintenance process is restricted from being advanced, the filling of special sand is completely dependent on manual operation, and the special sand is limited by manual operation strength and tool efficiency, and the sand filling speed is slow. In the advanced locomotive repairing process, the sand box filling operation often needs to occupy a large amount of working hours, becomes an efficiency bottleneck affecting the advanced locomotive repairing body flow progress, and cannot adapt to the large-scale and efficient locomotive repairing requirements. (3) The special sand is a granular material, the labor intensity is extremely high in the manual carrying and dumping processes, meanwhile, a large amount of dust is easily generated in the sand material transferring and filling processes, the working environment can be seriously polluted after the dust is diffused to a maintenance site, the respiratory system health of operators can be damaged after long-term inhalation, and obvious occupational health potential safety hazards exist. (4) The system recovery and regeneration solution is lacking, and a mature, efficient and standardized special sand recovery, regeneration and filling integrated process system is not formed in the current industry. The prior art only focuses on the simple replacement of 'waste sand and filling new sand', does not research and apply regeneration links such as the recovery and screening, crushing and deagglomeration, impurity separation and the like of the old sand, cannot fundamentally solve the problem of recycling resources of special sand, and also is difficult to realize the automation and standardized management and control of special sand treatment operation. In summary, the existing sand proces