CN-122009605-A - High-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device and method

CN122009605ACN 122009605 ACN122009605 ACN 122009605ACN-122009605-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature heat pipe manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device and method. In the invention, a working medium filling mechanism and a multi-station rotating mechanism are arranged in a vacuum cabin system, the working medium filling mechanism is used for accurately measuring solid alkali metal working medium and conveying the quantitative working medium into a heat pipe shell, and the multi-station rotating mechanism realizes the axial movement of a heat pipe and an end cover thereof, the circumferential rotation of the heat pipe and the end cover thereof, the rotation of the whole body around a central axis of the mechanism and the heating treatment of the heat pipe; the laser welding mechanism and the measurement and control system are arranged outside the vacuum cabin system, the measurement and control system is connected with other systems through corresponding signal cables, and the laser welding mechanism is used for welding the heat pipe shell and the end cover. The invention can automatically fill and seal the high-temperature heat pipes of the high-temperature alloy which are easy to oxidize in a vacuum environment, and is suitable for batch and refined filling of the high-temperature heat pipes in nuclear energy and energy storage.

Inventors

JIANG SHUNLI
YUAN DEWEN
ZHANG YOUJIA
YOU ERSHENG
XU JIANJUN
Cui Yinghuan
Yan Zhangrui

Assignees

中国核动力研究设计院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260413

Claims (17)

1. The vacuum solid filling device for the high-temperature heat pipe is characterized by comprising a vacuum cabin system, a working medium filling mechanism, a multi-station rotating mechanism, a laser welding mechanism and a measurement and control system, wherein the vacuum cabin system is used for providing low-water oxygen and inert gas protection or vacuum environment required by high-temperature heat pipe filling, the working medium filling mechanism and the multi-station rotating mechanism are arranged in the vacuum cabin system, the working medium filling mechanism is used for accurately measuring solid alkali metal working medium and conveying quantitative working medium into a heat pipe shell, the multi-station rotating mechanism is used for realizing axial movement of the heat pipe and an end cover thereof, circumferential rotation of the heat pipe and the end cover thereof around a central axis of the mechanism and heat pipe heating treatment, the laser welding mechanism and the measurement and control system are arranged outside the vacuum cabin system, the measurement and control system is connected with other systems through corresponding signal cables, the laser welding mechanism is used for welding the heat pipe shell and the end cover, and the measurement and control system is used for monitoring and controlling the full-flow state of filling and performing filling series of actions through preset programs.
2. The vacuum solid-state filling device for the high-temperature heat pipe according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum cabin system comprises a vacuum cabin body (1), an air inlet valve (2), an air outlet valve (3), a vacuum valve (4), a vacuum pump (5), a laser window (6) and a supporting table (7), the vacuum cabin body (1) is of a cylindrical structure as a whole, the vacuum cabin body (1) is connected with an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline, the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline are respectively provided with the air inlet valve (2) and the air outlet valve (3), inert gas argon flows into the vacuum cabin body (1) through the air inlet valve (2) and flows out through the air outlet valve (3) to realize gas replacement in the vacuum cabin body (1) to replace the internal original air with inert gas, the vacuum cabin body (1) is connected with the vacuum pump (5) through the vacuum valve (4), the vacuum cabin body (1) is provided with the laser window (6), an external laser beam penetrates through the laser window (6) in a nondestructive mode to carry out laser welding on the internal heat pipe, and the supporting table (7) is arranged in the vacuum cabin body (1).
3. The high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device according to claim 2 is characterized in that the air inlet valve (2) and the air outlet valve (3) adopt high-vacuum starting baffle valves, the vacuum valve (4) is a high-vacuum pneumatic gate valve, the vacuum pump (5) is composed of a backing pump and a molecular pump, the laser window (6) is made of optical fused quartz, is arranged on the wall of a vacuum cabin (1) through a flange and a sealing ring and is provided with a water cooling jacket, and the vacuum cabin system is further provided with a gas purification system for removing internal water and oxygen content through an internal gas purification column.
4. The high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid filling device according to claim 3, wherein the working medium filling mechanism comprises a working medium storage tank (8) and a working medium conveying rod (9), the working medium storage tank (8) is of a cylindrical structure, is placed at the inner upper part of the vacuum cabin body (1) and stores solid alkali metal (24) therein, and the working medium conveying rod (9) takes out required parts of the solid alkali metal (24) from the working medium storage tank (8) through a precise screw rod pusher and axially moves and stretches into a heat pipe shell (16) to be filled.
5. The high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device according to claim 4, wherein the multi-station rotating mechanism comprises a working trolley (10), a supporting mechanism (11), a central rotating shaft (12), an end cover clamping and positioning mechanism (13), an end cover clamp (14) and a workpiece clamp (15), the working trolley (10) is a supporting frame with rollers, is arranged on a supporting table (7), the position of the working trolley in a cabin can be adjusted through a screw rod and a sliding rail, the supporting mechanisms (11) are respectively arranged at two ends of the working trolley (10), the central rotating shaft (12) is arranged between the supporting mechanisms (11) at two ends of the working trolley (10), the end cover clamping and positioning mechanism (13) and the workpiece clamp (15) are both arranged on the central rotating shaft (12), and the end cover clamp (14) is arranged on the end cover clamping and positioning mechanism (13) and used for clamping the end cover.
6. The high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device according to claim 5, wherein the central rotating shaft (12) rotates at a constant speed through a vacuum motor and a speed reducer to drive the end cover clamping and positioning mechanism (13) and the workpiece clamp (15) to rotate.
7. The high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device according to claim 6, wherein the workpiece clamp (15) circumferentially surrounds the central rotating shaft (12), clamps and fixes the heat pipe shell (16) to be filled, and the heat pipe shell (16) is driven to rotate circumferentially by the vacuum motor and the speed reducer at a constant speed.
8. The high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid state filling device according to claim 7, wherein the work holder (15) is externally wound with a flexible heating wire for heating the heat pipe shell (16).
9. The high temperature heat pipe vacuum solid state filling apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the end cap holder (14) rotates itself such that the end cap rotates with the heat pipe shell (16) during welding.
10. The vacuum solid state filling device of claim 9, wherein the laser welding mechanism comprises a laser (17), a laser welding head (18), a mechanical arm (19) and an auxiliary system (20), the laser (17) transmits laser to the laser welding head (18) through an optical fiber, the laser welding head (18) focuses laser to a welding position of a heat pipe shell (16) and an end cover through a focusing system, welding is implemented by focusing laser through a laser window (6), the mechanical arm (19) adopts a six-axis industrial robot, the front end of the mechanical arm is connected with the laser welding head (18), the position of the laser welding head (18) is adjusted through multi-axis cooperative action, precise alignment of an optical path is ensured, the auxiliary system (20) comprises a cooling system and a monitoring system, the cooling system reduces the temperature of the laser welding head (18) and the laser window (6) through cooling water circulation, the monitoring system adopts a coaxial visual positioning system, the laser is used for auxiliary welding alignment through indicating light, and a camera is used for observing the condition of laser focus and welding.
11. The vacuum solid-state filling device for the high-temperature heat pipe according to claim 10, wherein the measurement and control system adopts a control mode of a PLC+industrial personal computer and comprises a lower control system (21) and an upper monitoring system (22), the upper monitoring system (22) consists of the industrial personal computer and measurement and control software, the running state of the whole device is displayed, the rotation angle, the rotation speed, the test data and the curve are displayed in real time, the lower control system (21) consists of an intelligent control system by the PLC, and all control parts are completed by the PLC.
12. The high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid state filling device according to claim 11, wherein the heat pipe shell (16) has a structure with two open ends, and a capillary wick and filled solid alkali metal (24) are built in, wherein the length of the capillary wick is shorter than the length of the heat pipe shell (16) so as to place a heat pipe end cover (23).
13. A high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid state filling method based on the high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid state filling device according to claim 12, comprising the steps of: s1, installing and positioning a workpiece; s2, treating gas in the vacuum cabin; S3, filling solid alkali metal into the heat pipe shell; s4, connecting and welding the heat pipe shell and the end cover.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein in the step S1, a cabin door of the vacuum cabin (1) is opened, the working trolley (10) is controlled to move out of the vacuum cabin (1), the heat pipe shells (16) to be filled are sequentially placed in a workpiece clamp (15) of the multi-station rotating mechanism to be in position, the end covers (23) to be welded are sequentially placed in an end cover clamp (14) of the multi-station rotating mechanism to be in position, and the working trolley (10) is controlled to move into the vacuum cabin (1) to enable the heat pipe shells (16) to be filled to be in position at a designated position.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein in S2, Sequentially opening a vacuum valve (4) and a vacuum pump (5), vacuumizing the vacuum cabin body (1), and sequentially closing the vacuum pump (5) and the vacuum valve (4) when the internal vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa to realize vacuum exhaust; An external inert gas source is connected into an air inlet valve (2) of the vacuum cabin system, 0.2MPa of inert gas is injected into the vacuum cabin body (1), an exhaust valve (3) is opened, the inert gas sweeps the vacuum cabin body (1) for 10min, and then the exhaust valve (3) and the air inlet valve (2) are sequentially closed, so that inert gas replacement is completed; Sequentially opening a vacuum valve (4) and a vacuum pump (5), vacuumizing the vacuum cabin (1), and simultaneously starting a heating wire wound outside a workpiece clamp (15) to 600 ℃ to heat a heat pipe shell (16) so as to finish vacuum degassing; And (3) starting a gas purification system of the vacuum cabin system to purify gas in the vacuum cabin body (1) until an environment with the vacuum degree less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa and the water and oxygen content less than or equal to 1ppm is established, so that the gas purification is realized.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein in S3, Maintaining vacuumizing and gas purification, stopping heating operation, starting a multi-station rotating mechanism, conveying a heat pipe shell (16) to be filled to a filling station, taking out required parts of solid alkali metal (24) from a working medium storage tank (8) through a precise screw rod pusher by a working medium conveying rod (9), axially moving and extending into the heat pipe shell (16) to be filled, and then exiting.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein in S4, Controlling the multi-station rotating mechanism to act, carrying out station rotation around the central rotating shaft (12), moving the heat pipe with the finished working medium filling to a welding station, and simultaneously conveying the next heat pipe to be filled to the filling station so as to realize parallel operation; The end cover clamping and positioning mechanisms (13) at two ends of the multi-station rotating mechanism are controlled to move, so that end covers (23) clamped by end cover clamps (14) at two ends are butted and fixed with two ends of a heat pipe shell (16) at a welding station; The method comprises the steps of adjusting a laser welding mechanism outside a vacuum cabin body (1) to a designated welding position at one end of the vacuum cabin body (1) to enable a joint of an end cover (23) at the one end and a heat pipe shell (16) to be aligned to a laser welding position, starting a laser welding machine, controlling the end cover (23) and the heat pipe shell (16) to circumferentially rotate together to finish circumferential sealing welding, adjusting the laser welding mechanism outside the vacuum cabin body (1) to the designated welding position at the other end of the vacuum cabin body (1) to finish welding of the end cover (23) at the other end and the heat pipe shell (16), and finally finishing laser welding at two ends of the heat pipe shell (16) to form a sealed finished heat pipe.

Description

High-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device and method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature heat pipe manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device and method. Background The heat pipe is a high-efficiency heat transfer element which transfers heat by means of phase change of an internal working medium and is known as a hot superconductor. The high-temperature heat pipe adopts alkali metals such as potassium, sodium, lithium and the like as internal working media, can realize the application in a wide temperature range (more than 400-1000 ℃), and has wide application scenes in the fields of nuclear energy, aerospace, industrial waste heat utilization and the like. In order to adapt to a high-operating temperature scene, high-temperature resistant metal is generally adopted as the high-temperature heat pipe material and the internal liquid absorbing core material, and stainless steel, nickel-based alloy, molybdenum alloy or niobium alloy and the like can be selected according to different use temperatures. The high-purity alkali metal working medium is quantitatively filled into the pipe, and the sealing to realize the high vacuum inside is the key of the efficient heat transfer of the heat pipe. The traditional high-temperature heat pipe filling process generally adopts equipment such as a glove box and the like, and manually performs working medium filling and pipe orifice sealing operation, and relates to heat pipe transfer among different procedures. As in patent 202210660056.4, the liquid working medium is filled into the tube under the protection of inert gas environment, and then the outer wall surface of the heat pipe after the working medium filling is heated in air environment to remove the internal non-condensable gas. Patent 201811007968.1 places the solid working medium in a tube in a glove box and then transfers it to a vacuum chamber for vacuum treatment and welding. These process methods can realize the filling and manufacturing of high-temperature heat pipes, but still have the following key technical problems: (1) The working medium is easy to pollute. The vacuumizing and sealing processes after the working medium is filled are separated from the filling environment, and pollution risks are introduced in the transferring process. (2) The filling efficiency is low. The traditional high-temperature heat pipe filling generally adopts manual or semi-automatic operation, only processes a single heat pipe at a time, has low filling efficiency, and is difficult to meet the requirements of batch and high-quality filling production. (3) The filling requirement of the easily oxidized pipe heat pipe can not be met. In the application field (such as above 900 ℃) with higher operation temperature, the heat pipe and the pipe material need to adopt high temperature resistant materials such as molybdenum, niobium and alloy thereof, and the high temperature oxidation resistance and welding performance of the materials are poor, and high temperature operation is usually required under vacuum environment or inert gas protective atmosphere. The conventional filling process is difficult to stop oxidation risk and is not suitable for filling the easily oxidized pipe heat pipe. In addition, molybdenum, niobium and alloys thereof have extremely high cost (about tens times of stainless steel pipes) as heat pipe pipes due to the material characteristics, and large economic loss is caused once filling fails, so that a practical and easily-oxidized pipe heat pipe filling device and method are needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention solves the technical problem of providing a high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid filling device and a high-temperature heat pipe vacuum solid filling method, which can automatically fill and seal solid alkali metal working media in batches for high-temperature alloy high-temperature heat pipes easy to oxidize in a vacuum environment, and are suitable for batch and refined filling of high-temperature heat pipes in the fields of nuclear energy, energy storage and the like. The invention adopts the technical scheme that: The utility model provides a high temperature heat pipe vacuum solid-state filling device, includes vacuum cabin system, working medium filling mechanism, multistation rotary mechanism, laser welding mechanism and measurement and control system, vacuum cabin system is used for providing the required low water oxygen of high temperature heat pipe filling, inert gas protection or vacuum environment, working medium filling mechanism, multistation rotary mechanism are arranged in the vacuum cabin system, working medium filling mechanism is used for accurate measurement solid alkali metal working medium to in with quantitative working medium conveying heat pipe shell, multistation rotary mechanism realizes that heat pipe and end cover axial displacement,