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CN-122010063-A - Super-lubrication diselenide film based on carbon dioxide interface activation effect, and preparation method and application thereof

CN122010063ACN 122010063 ACN122010063 ACN 122010063ACN-122010063-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a super-lubrication diselenide film based on a carbon dioxide interface activation effect, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of solid lubricating materials in extreme environments. The chemical formula of the film is MSe 2 , wherein M is one of Nb, mo or W, and the film is prepared by adopting a high-power pulse magnetron sputtering technology and has a compact, high-hardness and high-elasticity nanocrystalline/amorphous composite structure. The core of the invention is to find and utilize the synergistic effect of 'atmosphere induced interface structure ordering' generated when the film rubs in the atmosphere of low-pressure CO 2 . Under the atmosphere environment with the partial pressure of CO 2 being 10Pa to 1000Pa, CO 2 participates in the friction interface process, promotes ordered rearrangement of the film layered structure and forms an M element enriched transition bonding layer at the interface of the transfer film and the butt-piece, thereby remarkably reducing friction and abrasion. In a simulated Mars surface environment (500 Pa, CO2> 95%), the film exhibits super-lubricity exceeding that of a high vacuum environment, for example, the coefficient of friction of a WSe 2 film can be as low as 0.014, with wear rates on the order of 10 ‑7 mm 3 •N ‑1 •m ‑1 . The invention provides a high-performance and environment-adaptive solid lubrication solution for moving parts of deep space exploration equipment such as Mars and the like in an extreme environment enriched in CO 2 .

Inventors

  • ZHANG BIN
  • JIA QIAN
  • ZHOU JUNJUN

Assignees

  • 华晟昇纳米科技(成都)有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260203

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The super-lubrication diselenide film based on the carbon dioxide interface activation effect is characterized in that the chemical general formula of the film is MSe 2 , wherein M is one of Nb, mo and W, and the film is deposited by adopting a high-power pulse magnetron sputtering technology; In the friction process, the film can interact with carbon dioxide when being in an atmosphere environment with the partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 10 Pa-1000 Pa, so that ordered rearrangement and self-assembly of a layered crystal structure at a friction contact interface are promoted, and meanwhile, a transition bonding layer rich in M is formed at the interface of a transfer film and a mating part; The film exhibits a coefficient of friction and wear rate under the carbon dioxide atmosphere that is lower than its corresponding values in a high vacuum environment or an atmospheric environment under the same load and slip conditions.
  2. 2. The film of claim 1 having a stable coefficient of friction of no more than 0.033 and a wear rate of no more than 5.42 x 10 -7 mm 3 •N -1 •m -1 under ball-and-disc friction test conditions of a mating part, a load of 10N, and a rotational speed of 200rpm using an AISI 440C steel ball of 6 mm in an atmosphere having a partial pressure of 500 Pa CO 2 .
  3. 3. The film according to claim 1, wherein the film has a thickness of 0.9 to 1.3 μm.
  4. 4. The film of claim 1, wherein the film has a hardness of not less than 2.9 GPa and an elastic modulus of not less than 53 GPa.
  5. 5. The film of claim 1, wherein the film has a microstructure of nanocrystals and amorphous phase composite structure, wherein the nanocrystals are predominantly MSe 2 , have a grain size of less than 10nm, and are embedded in an amorphous matrix, and wherein the film has a preferred or random orientation of (002) crystal planes.
  6. 6. A method for preparing a super-lubricated diselenide film based on carbon dioxide interfacial activation effect according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of: S1, cleaning a substrate and performing plasma etching pretreatment; S2, depositing a TiN transition layer on the pretreated substrate; s3, depositing a MSe 2 film on the TiN transition layer by adopting a high-power pulse magnetron sputtering technology and taking MSe 2 target materials as sputtering sources; In step S3, the pressure of the deposition chamber is maintained at 1.0 Pa, a pulse DC bias voltage of-50V is applied to the substrate, and the process parameters of the high-power pulse magnetron sputtering comprise a peak current of 0.21A, a pulse frequency of 6000 Hz and a target voltage of 820V.
  7. 7. Use of a super-lubricated diselenide film based on the carbon dioxide interface activation effect according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the film is used for the friction surface of mechanically moving parts in a carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere environment to reduce friction and wear of the parts in said atmosphere environment.
  8. 8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere is an atmosphere simulating a Mars surface and has a total pressure of 500 Pa and a carbon dioxide volume concentration of greater than 95%.
  9. 9. Use according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the mechanical moving parts comprise a Mars car moving system, a robotic arm joint, a gear set, a bearing or a seal.
  10. 10. A solid lubrication component suitable for use in a Mars surface environment, characterized in that the friction surface of the component is provided with a super-lubricated diselenide film based on carbon dioxide interfacial activation effect as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

Description

Super-lubrication diselenide film based on carbon dioxide interface activation effect, and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of solid lubricating materials, and particularly relates to an ultra-lubricating film suitable for a low-pressure carbon dioxide enrichment extreme environment (such as a Mars surface). More particularly, the invention relates to a transition metal diselenide (MSe 2) film based on carbon dioxide interface activation effect, wherein M is Nb, mo or W, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in deep space exploration equipment, a Mars moving system, a mechanical arm joint and other highly reliable moving parts. Background Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) are widely studied and used in the field of solid lubrication because of their unique layered structure and low shear strength. Wherein, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) is used as a classical space lubricating material, has excellent antifriction and antiwear performances in a vacuum environment, and has been successfully applied to space mechanisms such as a satellite solar sailboard unfolding mechanism, a precise bearing and the like. However, the traditional MoS 2 -based coating is easy to generate oxidation and hydrolysis reaction in an oxygen-containing or humid environment, and MoO 3 with poor friction performance is generated, so that the friction coefficient is rapidly increased, abrasion is increased, and long-term reliable operation of the coating under the working conditions of a complex near-earth space environment or a planetary surface is severely limited. Transition metal diselenides (e.g., nbSe 2、MoSe2、WSe2) having a layer-like structure have been attracting attention in recent years. Theoretical calculations and experimental studies have shown that diselenide has generally weaker interlayer bonding forces than disulfides due to the larger atomic radius and lower electronegativity of selenium atoms, and is expected to provide lower interlayer shear resistance. Meanwhile, diselenide has better oxidation resistance and high-temperature stability than MoS 2, and has potential application advantages in a wide-temperature-range and variable-atmosphere environment. In particular, the task of extraterrestrial exploration, represented by Mars exploration, presents a serious challenge for lubricating materials of mechanically moving parts. Mars have a surface atmospheric pressure of only about 1% of the earth, a major component of carbon dioxide (CO 2 volume fraction > 95%), and contain trace amounts of water vapor and dust. This unique environment of low air pressure, high concentration CO 2, extreme diurnal temperature differentials, necessarily affects the surface physicochemical state of the lubricant, the formation of tertiary bodies, and the frictional energy dissipation pathway. Few studies have shown that CO 2 atmosphere may participate in the interfacial friction reaction of MoS 2, promoting the formation of carbon-containing transfer films and thus improving their tribological properties. However, there is still a lack of systematic experimental investigation and mechanism cognition regarding the tribological response of diselenides in simulated spark environments, especially the impact of different metal centers (Nb, mo, W) on their environmental suitability. In the aspect of film deposition technology, the high-power pulse magnetron sputtering technology (HiPIMS) has obvious advantages in preparing a compact, uniform and well-combined TMD film by virtue of high peak power and high ionization rate (which can reach 70% -90%). Compared with the traditional direct current or radio frequency magnetron sputtering, the high-energy ion bombardment in the HiPIMS process can effectively inhibit the growth of columnar crystals, improve the compactness of the film, realize the accurate control of the film components at a relatively low deposition temperature, and provide a reliable material platform for obtaining the diselenide coating with excellent mechanical support and continuous lubrication capability. In conclusion, a novel solid lubricating film which can actively adapt to and utilize extreme CO 2 enrichment environments such as Mars and the like to realize ultralow friction and abrasion is developed, and a synergistic action mechanism of the novel solid lubricating film and CO 2 atmosphere is clarified, so that the novel solid lubricating film has important scientific significance and engineering value for promoting the development of deep space exploration technology. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the technical defects that the lubricating performance of the existing solid lubricating material, in particular to the traditional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMDs) film, is obviously reduced or fails in the extreme environment of low-pressure and high-concentration carbon dioxide (CO 2) such as the surface of a