CN-122010281-A - Degraded wetland near-natural recovery method and system based on hydrologic process regulation and control

CN122010281ACN 122010281 ACN122010281 ACN 122010281ACN-122010281-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for near-natural restoration of a degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation, which relate to the technical field of ecological restoration of the wetland and currently provide a scheme which comprises the following steps of S1, investigation and accurate diagnosis of the current situation of the degraded wetland, S2, construction and implementation of a hydrologic process dynamic regulation system, S3, implementation of cooperative restoration measures, S4, dynamic monitoring and feedback optimization, and S5, later maintenance and long-term maintenance. The method takes systematic regulation and control of hydrologic process as a core, integrates a near-natural restoration concept, realizes the cooperative restoration of multiple elements of the wetland, ensures the regulation and control accuracy through a dynamic monitoring closed-loop mechanism, reduces excessive manual intervention in a whole range, solves the problems of low efficiency of traditional natural restoration and poor stability of manual restoration, enables the restored wetland to form a sustainable near-natural ecological system, greatly improves the restoration effect and long-acting performance of the degraded wetland, and is suitable for wetland restoration scenes with different types and different degradation degrees.

Inventors

LIU CHAOGUI
SHEN YUYING
WANG XIN
WANG NENG
ZHANG HONG
WANG SHANGRONG
LV QIANG
HE RENXIN

Assignees

四川凌峰建设工程有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260317

Claims (10)

1. The method for the near-natural recovery of the degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, performing current situation investigation and accurate diagnosis on the degraded wetland, namely performing comprehensive investigation on the degraded wetland, and determining the type, degradation range and degradation degree of the wetland; s2, constructing and implementing a hydrologic process dynamic regulation system, namely constructing a hydrologic process dynamic regulation system integrating connectivity restoration, water level regulation and water body purification according to a wetland natural hydrologic rhythm in combination with a wetland degradation diagnosis result; S3, implementing cooperative restoration measures on the basis of hydrologic process regulation, and realizing the linkage restoration of hydrologic-vegetation-soil-organism by relying on the self restoration capacity of the wetland and assisted by moderate manual guidance; S4, dynamic monitoring and feedback optimization, namely establishing a full-period dynamic monitoring system, and setting monitoring stations in a wetland core area, a buffer area and a peripheral area to monitor hydrologic indexes, vegetation indexes, soil indexes and biological indexes in real time; S5, after the post-maintenance and long-term maintenance are carried out, the long-term post-maintenance is carried out, and the manual intervention is reduced.
2. The method for near-natural restoration of degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation of claim 1, wherein the step S1 is characterized in that the following core indexes are monitored: (1) Hydrologic indexes including annual precipitation, runoff, groundwater level, water level seasonal fluctuation range and hydrologic connectivity; (2) The water body index is that the pH value, the dissolved oxygen, the chemical oxygen demand, the five-day biochemical oxygen demand, the ammonia nitrogen, the total phosphorus and the heavy metal content are monitored in a key way, the water body pollution type and the pollution degree are defined, and accurate data basis is provided for the subsequent water body purification regulation and control; (3) The vegetation index is that a sample belt-sample method is adopted to survey vegetation, 3 to 5 sample belts are arranged, 3 sample sides are randomly arranged in each sample belt, vegetation types, coverage, biomass and density are recorded, vegetation degradation grades are divided, local dominant species are preferentially identified, and the association of vegetation degradation and water pollution is analyzed; (4) Soil indexes, namely soil texture, water content, organic matter content, salt and alkali content and heavy metal content, and analyzing the coupling relation of soil pollution and water pollution; (5) Biological indexes including types, quantity and habitat distribution of birds, amphibians and aquatic organisms, and analyzing the association of the reduced biodiversity with water pollution and hydrologic disturbance.
3. The method for near-natural restoration of the degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation according to claim 1, wherein the specific measures of the hydrologic process dynamic regulation system in S2 are as follows: S21, hydrologic connectivity restoration, namely aiming at the wetland with hydrologic communication fracture, adopting near-natural engineering measures to build ecological ditches and communication galleries, dismantling unreasonable dykes or setting ecological gates, restoring natural communication between the interior of the wetland and surrounding water systems, avoiding blocking of the hydrologic communication by artificial facilities, retaining original microtopography of the wetland, improving naturality and stability of the hydrologic communication, promoting water circulation and creating good conditions for water purification. S22, dynamically regulating and controlling the water level, namely setting a proper water level threshold according to the type, degradation level and seasonal change of the wetland, and adopting a mode of combining ecological water supplementing and water draining regulation and control to realize dynamic adaptation of the water level. S23, water purification regulation and control, namely, aiming at the wet land polluted by water quality, adopting a near-natural purification technology, arranging an ecological purification unit at an inlet, a communication corridor and a core area of the wet land, reducing the use of artificial chemical purifying agents, removing nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal pollutants in the water body through plant absorption, microbial degradation and soil adsorption natural processes, improving the water quality, providing a good hydrologic environment for the ecological system recovery of the wet land, and realizing the accurate removal of the water body pollutants.
4. The method for near-natural restoration of degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises the following steps: S31, vegetation near natural restoration, namely, selecting a local dominant species of wetland, selecting a pollution-resistant vegetation variety with a water body purification function, adopting a mode of combining seed direct seeding and seedling transplanting, adjusting planting density and planting area-slightly degraded wetland mainly for natural restoration according to degradation grade, and supplementing and planting only in a vegetation sparse area; moderately, heavily degraded wetland moderately increases the amount of supplementary planting, but avoids high-density artificial planting, reserves the space for vegetation natural growth, removes non-target invasive species, reduces the influence of manual intervention on vegetation community natural evolution, combines hydrologic regulation and water purification, ensures the water condition and clean water environment required by vegetation growth, promotes the natural succession of vegetation communities, and further improves the purification capability of vegetation on water; s32, soil in-situ improvement, namely aiming at the soil-barren, salinized and polluted wetland, adopting a near-natural improvement mode, avoiding excessive chemical improvement, linking the water purification effect and reducing the secondary influence of soil pollution on the water; S33, building a biological habitat, namely building a diversified biological habitat by combining hydrologic regulation, water body purification and vegetation recovery, and providing foraging, perching and breeding places for birds, amphibians and aquatic organisms.
5. The method for near-natural restoration of degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation according to claim 1, wherein the real-time monitoring in S4 comprises the following core indexes: (1) The water body indexes comprise pH value, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metal content, the water body purifying effect is mastered in real time, and the monitoring data are used for evaluating the application effect of the water body purifying technology; (2) Hydrologic index, namely water level, flow and hydrologic connectivity, and monitoring hydrologic regulation and control effects; (3) The vegetation index comprises coverage, biomass and community structure, and vegetation recovery and vegetation purification effects are monitored; (4) Soil indexes, namely organic matters, salt alkalinity and pollutant content, and monitoring soil improvement effect and influence on water body; (5) Biological indexes, namely species number and habitat distribution, and monitoring the biological diversity recovery effect.
6. The method for near-natural restoration of degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation of claim 1, wherein the specific step S5 comprises the following steps: S51, cleaning invasive species and dead branches and fallen leaves regularly, avoiding blocking hydrologic communication galleries and water purification units, and ensuring normal water circulation and water purification functions; s52, prohibiting illegal fishing, cultivation, grazing and sewage discharge from damaging human activities of the wetland, and preventing water from being polluted again.
7. A hydrologic process regulation-based near-natural restoration system for a degraded wetland, which is suitable for the hydrologic process regulation-based near-natural restoration method according to any one of the claims 1-6, and is characterized by comprising a current situation investigation and diagnosis module, a hydrologic process regulation module, a cooperative repair module, a dynamic monitoring and feedback module and a post-maintenance and evaluation module; the present situation investigation and diagnosis module includes: The data acquisition unit is used for acquiring wetland hydrology, vegetation, soil and biological core index data; the diagnosis analysis unit is used for analyzing the wetland degradation degree and the core degradation reason based on the acquired data, generating a diagnosis report by combining a preset degradation grade standard, and defining the key direction of hydrologic regulation and cooperative repair so as to provide data support for the follow-up modules.
8. The degraded wetland near-natural restoration system based on hydrologic process control according to claim 7, wherein said hydrologic process control module comprises: The connectivity restoration unit comprises an ecological ditch, a communication gallery and an ecological gate, and is used for restoring natural communication between the interior of the wetland and a surrounding water system, dynamically adjusting the on-off state of the ecological gate according to hydrologic data, guaranteeing connectivity and avoiding abnormal fluctuation of water level at the same time; The water level regulating and controlling unit comprises an ecological water supplementing device, a water draining device, a water level monitoring sensor and a regulating and controlling controller, wherein the ecological water supplementing device is connected with a natural water source or a regenerated water source, the water draining device is connected with an ecological ditch, and the regulating and controlling controller automatically controls the operation of the water supplementing and draining device according to water level monitoring data, so that the dynamic regulation and control of the water level are realized, and the natural hydrologic rhythm of the wetland is attached; The water quality purifying unit comprises an aquatic plant purifying community, a microorganism purifying bed and a soil infiltration zone, is arranged at a wetland inlet, a communication gallery and a core area, removes water pollutants through a natural purifying process, improves water quality, and does not need to manually add chemical purifying agents.
9. The degraded wetland near-natural restoration system based on hydrologic process control according to claim 7, wherein said cooperative repair module comprises: The vegetation recovery unit is used for cultivating and supplementing locally dominant species and removing non-target invasive species, and adjusting the supplementing density and area according to the degradation grade and vegetation monitoring data; the soil improvement unit is used for in-situ soil improvement, and according to soil monitoring data, organic fertilizer is accurately applied, degradation microorganisms are inoculated, and excessive chemical improvement is avoided; The biological habitat building unit is used for building diversified biological habitats, and is provided with an ecological buffer zone, so that human activity interference is reduced, and biological diversity is protected.
10. The degraded wetland near-natural restoration system based on hydrologic process regulation according to claim 7, the dynamic monitoring and feedback module is characterized by comprising: The monitoring unit is used for realizing full-period real-time monitoring of hydrology, vegetation, soil and biological indexes, and transmitting data to the data processing unit in real time; the data processing unit is used for sorting and analyzing the monitoring data, comparing the monitoring data with a preset recovery target, identifying data deviation and generating a monitoring report; The feedback regulation and control unit is used for automatically or manually optimizing the operation parameters of the hydrologic regulation and control module and the cooperative repair module according to the monitoring report, realizing the closed-loop operation of 'monitoring-analysis-feedback-optimization' and ensuring that the recovery process fits the ecological requirements of the wetland; the post-maintenance and evaluation module comprises: The maintenance unit is used for later invasive species cleaning, withered branches and fallen leaves cleaning and human activity control, reduces manual intervention, and realizes long-term maintenance by depending on the self-repairing capability of the wetland; The evaluation unit is used for comprehensively evaluating the wetland restoration effect each year, and generating an evaluation report by combining the monitoring data and comparing the restoration targets, so as to provide basis for the optimization of subsequent maintenance and regulation measures.

Description

Degraded wetland near-natural recovery method and system based on hydrologic process regulation and control Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, in particular to a method and a system for near-natural restoration of degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation. Background The wetland is taken as an important ecological system on the earth, has irreplaceable ecological functions of conservation water source, purification of water quality, flood regulation, maintenance of biological diversity and the like, is a core component part of an ecological fragile zone, is influenced by human activity interference (such as hydraulic engineering interception, reclamation and pollution discharge) and natural factors in recent years, the global wetland area is continuously reduced, hydrologic process disorder becomes a core driving factor of wetland degradation, at present, the technology of recovering the degraded wetland is mainly divided into two major types of natural recovery and artificial recovery, the natural recovery relies on self-regulation capacity of the wetland itself, the artificial interference is not needed, but the recovery period is long, the efficiency is low, the technology is not suitable for moderate and severe degraded wetland, the artificial recovery mostly adopts rigid engineering measures (such as artificial dam building, hardening revetment and foreign species planting), but the natural property of the wetland is damaged by excessive artificial interference in a short period, the ecological system stability of the recovered wetland is poor, the self-maintenance capability is difficult to form a sustainable near-natural system, and the problems of difficult recovery effect, secondary degradation and the like are caused; In the prior art, although the partial wetland restoration method relates to hydrologic regulation, the regulation of single hydrologic parameters (such as water level and flow) is focused on, systematic regulation of hydrologic process is not realized, the natural succession rule of the wetland is not fully combined, the cooperative restoration of hydrologic restoration and vegetation, matrixes and biological communities cannot be considered, meanwhile, the existing restoration system lacks an accurate monitoring and dynamic regulation mechanism, and the regulation strategy is difficult to regulate in real time according to the degradation degree of the wetland and the restoration process, so that the restoration effect is poor and the resource is wasted. Disclosure of Invention The method and the system for the near-natural recovery of the degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation provided by the invention solve the defects in the prior art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: A method and a system for near-natural recovery of degraded wetland based on hydrologic process regulation and control comprise the following steps: S1, investigation and accurate diagnosis of the current situation of the degraded wetland, namely, comprehensively investigating the degraded wetland, and determining the type (river flood beach, coastal beach, swamps and the like), degradation range and degradation degree of the wetland; s2, constructing and implementing a hydrologic process dynamic regulation system, namely constructing a hydrologic process dynamic regulation system integrating connectivity restoration, water level regulation and water body purification according to a wetland natural hydrologic rhythm in combination with a wetland degradation diagnosis result; S3, implementing cooperative restoration measures based on hydrologic process regulation, relying on the self restoration capacity of the wetland and assisted by moderate manual guidance to realize the linkage restoration of hydrologic-vegetation-soil-biology, avoid the limitation of single-element restoration and further consolidate the water purification effect; s4, dynamic monitoring and feedback optimization, namely establishing a full-period dynamic monitoring system, arranging monitoring stations in a wetland core area, a buffer area and a peripheral area, and monitoring hydrologic indexes (water level, flow and water quality), vegetation indexes (coverage, biomass and community structures), soil indexes (organic matters, salt alkalinity and pollutant content) and biological indexes (species quantity and habitat distribution) in real time; S5, after the wetland is recovered, the long-term later maintenance is carried out, so that the manual intervention is reduced, the self-repairing capability of the self-ecological system of the wetland is relied on, the long-term stable maintenance is realized, the water purification effect is emphasized to be consolidated, and the long-term application effect of the water purification technology is ensured. Further, the S1 monitors the following