CN-122010356-A - Gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment and method

CN122010356ACN 122010356 ACN122010356 ACN 122010356ACN-122010356-A

Abstract

The invention discloses gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment and a gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment method, which relate to the field of wastewater treatment and comprise a cyclone separation module, a conditioning module, a desalting module and a heavy metal advanced removal module which are sequentially connected along the wastewater treatment flow direction, wherein the cyclone separation module, the conditioning module, the desalting module and the heavy metal advanced removal module are all carried by a rigid frame and are packaged by a detachable sealing cover plate to form integrated treatment equipment connected in series according to treatment gradients.

Inventors

XU YING
LIU YU
CHEN HAOYI
ZHAO ZHIPENG
TANG FAYUAN
LI YANYAN
DUAN XIAOXIA

Assignees

青海职业技术大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260401

Claims (9)

1. High salt heavy metal waste water advanced treatment equipment based on gradient purification, include cyclone separation module (1), conditioning module (2), desalination module (3) and heavy metal degree of depth desorption module (4) that connect gradually along the waste water treatment flow direction, cyclone separation module (1), conditioning module (2), desalination module (3) and heavy metal degree of depth desorption module (4) bear by a rigid frame, and encapsulate through detachable sealed cover plate, with the integration treatment equipment who forms establishing ties according to the treatment gradient, its characterized in that: The cyclone separation module (1) is used for purifying wastewater and separating heavy slag, and comprises an integrated box body and cyclone separation units (13), wherein the integrated box body is provided with a wastewater tank (11) and a treatment water tank (12) which are nested inside and outside, the outer side of the bottom of the treatment water tank (12) is provided with a slag collecting box (14), the cyclone separation units (13) are provided with four groups and are arranged in parallel, the water inlet of each cyclone separation unit (13) is communicated with the wastewater tank (11), the water outlet of each cyclone separation unit is communicated with the treatment water tank (12), the bottom of the cyclone separation unit (13) is provided with a slag discharging port communicated with the slag collecting box (14), and the bottom of the treatment water tank (12) is provided with a wastewater outlet A which is communicated with the conditioning module (2) through a pipeline and a lifting pump; the conditioning module (2) is used for adjusting water quality and destroying heavy metal complexes, and the conditioning module (2) comprises a conditioning water tank, and a pH medicament adding unit, a mixing reactor and a monitoring probe which are arranged in the conditioning water tank; the desalination module (3) is connected with a water outlet B of the conditioning module (2) through a water inlet pipeline, and the desalination module (3) is an electrochemical desalination device; The heavy metal deep removal module (4) is connected with a desalting water outlet C of the desalting module (3), and the heavy metal deep removal module (4) comprises a removal box (41), a biological agent adding unit (42), a microbial floc gathering unit (43), an inclined conveying belt type slag transferring unit (44) and a slag collecting hopper (45).
2. The gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein the slag collection box (14) is a side-tipping cylindrical bucket body, and the output end of the slag collection box extends to the outside of the equipment through a cover plate of the frame.
3. The gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein the biological agent adding unit (42) is arranged at the top side of the removal box (41) and is used for quantitatively adding liquid or powdery special microorganism adsorbing bacteria into the removal box (41), the microorganism flocculation gathering unit (43) and the inclined conveyor belt type slag transferring unit (44) are arranged at the inner side of the removal box (41), and the microorganism flocculation gathering unit (43) is used for driving an executing part of the microorganism flocculation gathering unit to be unfolded after the adsorption reaction is completed and gathering the microorganism flocculation floating on the water surface to a designated area.
4. The gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment according to claim 3, wherein the microbial floc gathering unit (43) comprises a lifting electric cylinder (431), a bidirectional moving sliding table (432) and a gathering component, wherein the lifting electric cylinder (431) is fixed on the top wall of the removal box (41), the shaft end of the lifting electric cylinder (431) is connected with the bidirectional moving sliding table (432), and the gathering component is installed at two sliding ends of the bidirectional moving sliding table (432).
5. The gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment according to claim 4, wherein the gathering assembly comprises a driving part, a support (433), a disc (434), a rotating rod (435), a first swing rod (436), a V-shaped connecting rod, a second swing rod (437), a first gathering arm (438) and a second gathering arm (439), wherein the support (433) is connected with two sliding ends of the bidirectional moving sliding table (432), a long opening is formed in the support (433), the first gathering arm (438) and the second gathering arm (439) are hinged to two sides of the long opening of the support (433), the driving part is fixed to the bottom side of the support (433), the shaft end of the driving part is connected with the disc (434), and the eccentric side of the end face of the disc (434) is hinged with the rotating rod (435).
6. The gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment according to claim 5, wherein the first swing rod (436) and the V-shaped connecting rod are both coaxially hinged with the free end of the rotating rod (435), the middle of the V-shaped connecting rod is movably connected with the bottom side of the support (433), the upper end of the V-shaped connecting rod is hinged with the second swing rod (437), the tail end of the first swing rod (436) is hinged with the first gathering arm (438), and the tail end of the second swing rod (437) is hinged with the second gathering arm (439).
7. The gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment according to claim 3, wherein the input side of the inclined conveyor type slag transferring unit (44) is immersed below the liquid level of the aggregation area of the removal box (41), the output side of the inclined conveyor type slag transferring unit (44) is connected to the upper opening of the slag collecting hopper (45), and the tail end of the inclined conveyor type slag transferring unit is provided with a scraping plate or a baffle plate.
8. The gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein a precise filter is further arranged between the water outlet B of the conditioning module (2) and the water inlet pipeline of the desalting module (3).
9. The advanced treatment method of the high-salt heavy metal wastewater based on gradient purification is realized based on the advanced treatment equipment of any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps: s1, pumping high-salt heavy metal wastewater to be treated into a wastewater tank (11) of a cyclone separation module (1), starting a cyclone separation unit (13), and rapidly separating heavy particles, gravel and liquid under the action of centrifugal force, wherein separated heavy slag falls into a slag collection tank (14) through a slag discharge port at the bottom and is discharged out periodically; S2, a conditioning module (2) receives the wastewater from the S1, monitors the water quality in real time through a monitoring probe, controls a pH agent adding unit to accurately add acid and alkali agents to adjust the pH of the wastewater to a preset range, and then sequentially adds a vein breaker and a micro flocculant to finish the destruction of heavy metal complex and the micro flocculation of colloid and suspended matters under the stirring action of a mixing reactor so as to form a suspension system which is easy to process subsequently; S3, pumping the wastewater conditioned by the S2 into an electrochemical desalting device of a desalting module (3) after removing residual suspended matters through a precise filter, starting the electrochemical desalting device to generate desalted fresh water in a fresh water chamber, and independently leading out high-salt concentrated solution; S4, deeply removing heavy metals by biological adsorption; S4.1, adding a microbial adsorption bacterial agent into desalted fresh water in a removal box (41) through a biological agent adding unit (42), and adsorbing and enriching residual heavy metal ions in water by the microbial bacterial body in a set reaction time to form a floating microbial floc layer; S4.2, after the adsorption reaction is finished, starting a microorganism flocculation gathering unit (43), driving a bidirectional moving sliding table (432) to descend to a set height by a lifting electric cylinder (431), then driving gathering components on two sides of the bidirectional moving sliding table (432) to synchronously move towards the center of a removal box (41), in the process, starting a driving piece, and driving a first gathering arm (438) and a second gathering arm (439) to synchronously and outwards expand and descend through linkage of a disc (434), a rotating rod (435), a swinging rod and a V-shaped connecting rod to form a gathering barrier gathered from two sides to the center, and slowly driving and gathering floating microorganism flocculation to a center collecting area; S4.3, starting an inclined conveyor belt type slag transferring unit (44), immersing the input side of the inclined conveyor belt type slag transferring unit below a floc layer in a collecting area, running the conveyor belt to guide out the flocs and draining the flocs in an inclined lifting process, scraping the flocs conveyed to the top end by a scraper at the tail end, and guiding the flocs into a slag collecting hopper (45) to finish the transfer and collection of biological residues; s4.4, after the solid-liquid separation is completed, the clear liquid in the removal box (41) is discharged through a purified water outlet.

Description

Gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment and method Technical Field The invention relates to a wastewater treatment technology, in particular to gradient purification-based high-salt heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment equipment and method. Background The high-salt heavy metal wastewater mainly comes from industries such as electroplating, metallurgy, chemical industry, mining, electronic component manufacturing and the like. The wastewater has complex components and high salt concentration, contains various toxic heavy metal ions such as copper, nickel, chromium, cadmium, lead and the like, and can be directly discharged without proper treatment, thus the wastewater can be seriously threatened to the water ecological environment and the human health. Currently, a combination of quality and classification processes are generally used for the treatment of such wastewater. Common treatment methods include chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, biological methods, and the like. However, in practical engineering applications, single or simple combinatorial processes face significant challenges: the high salinity can seriously weaken the efficiency of chemical precipitation, so that the adding amount of the precipitant is huge, a large amount of hazardous waste sludge containing heavy metals is generated, and meanwhile, the high salinity can inhibit or poison microorganisms, so that the traditional biological method is difficult to be applied. The application bottleneck of the membrane separation technology is that although the membrane technology (such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration) can effectively desalt and remove heavy metals, when facing wastewater with high salt, high hardness, high heavy metals and complex organic matters, the membrane assembly is extremely easy to generate serious scaling, organic matter pollution and heavy metal poisoning, so that the membrane flux is drastically reduced, the operating pressure is increased, the cleaning frequency is increased, the service life of the membrane is shortened, and the operation and maintenance costs are high. The difficult problems of process connection and recycling are that the existing combined process is single in function, hard in connection, and lacks of systematic design, and can not effectively remove pollutants, realize quality-separating concentration and recycling recovery of salt and heavy metals, and easily cause secondary pollution and resource waste. In order to overcome the bottleneck of serious membrane pollution and membrane poisoning problems caused by high salt and heavy metal in the high-salt heavy metal wastewater treatment process in the prior art and high operation cost, a long-acting solution capable of fundamentally reducing the membrane load and preventing the membrane poisoning is sought, and a plurality of researches are carried out in the industry. The prior art discloses the following related schemes: Chinese patent publication No. CN114804336a discloses a device and method for reducing membrane pollution of a membrane bioreactor, in which a high field strength permanent magnet is disposed in or outside a flat membrane module, according to a magnetic biological effect mechanism, membrane pollution is suppressed by using a strong magnetic field near the permanent magnet, and a biological treatment process is improved by using a weak magnetic field distributed in a reaction zone thereof, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing membrane pollution and improving treatment efficiency at the same time. The static magnetic field is utilized to delay membrane pollution and improve biological treatment process at the same time, thereby achieving two purposes. Meanwhile, the method can bring long-term effect by one-time investment, has no secondary pollution or other potential hazard, further improves the treatment efficiency and stability on the basis of retaining various advantages of the traditional flat membrane bioreactor, and has strong application potential in the aspects of treatment of various sewage and wastewater. However, the core of the prior art described above is the in situ intervention and performance optimization of the wastewater that has entered the membrane system, without the fundamental modification of the wastewater quality prior to entering the membrane system. In particular, it fails to effectively remove or separate calcium, magnesium, silicon plasma, which causes fouling of the membrane, and heavy metal ions, which cause irreversible contamination of the membrane surface. In high salt and high hardness environments, deposition and adsorption of these contaminants on the membrane surface are the main contributors to the decay of membrane performance. Therefore, the prior art still lacks an integrated solution that can realize source control from the process flow design, through the cooperation of the multistage pret