CN-122010367-A - Multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment

CN122010367ACN 122010367 ACN122010367 ACN 122010367ACN-122010367-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, and discloses a multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment, which comprises the steps of reducing the flow rate of river basin runoff entering a pretreatment tank by using a stepped energy dissipation bank; the invention relates to a method for automatically and automatically distributing the flow of water, which comprises the steps of arranging an overflow weir between a pretreatment tank and a biochemical purification unit, guiding the runoff with the flow lower than a threshold value to the biochemical purification unit according to a water level pressure head, guiding excessive flow to a shore ecological buffer zone, enabling the runoff to sequentially flow through an anaerobic biological filter and an aerobic ecological tank, generating gravity flow by utilizing the elevation difference of the units, and guiding drainage into a terminal multi-layer ecological buffer zone.

Inventors

WEN LING
XIAO WEIMIN
Lin Hefang
LI JINBO
SONG LIANBO
HU JUNMIN

Assignees

湖南省一建园林建设有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260415

Claims (10)

1. The multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step S1, leading the basin runoff into a pretreatment pool, reducing the inflow speed of the basin runoff by using a stepped energy dissipation bank arranged in the pretreatment pool, and intercepting floaters and sediment in the basin runoff; S2, arranging an overflow weir at the joint of the pretreatment tank and the biochemical purification unit, guiding the basin runoff with the flow lower than a flow threshold to the biochemical purification unit through the overflow weir according to the water level pressure head in the pretreatment tank, and guiding the basin runoff exceeding the flow threshold to a shore zone ecological buffer zone; Step S3, sequentially introducing the basin runoffs entering the biochemical purification unit into an anaerobic biological filter and an aerobic ecological pool, generating fluid gravity flow by utilizing the elevation difference between the anaerobic biological filter and the aerobic ecological pool, and enabling the basin runoffs to be respectively contacted with biological matrixes in the anaerobic biological filter and aquatic plants in the aerobic ecological pool; And S4, introducing the drainage of the aerobic ecological pool into the terminal multi-layer ecological buffer zone, and increasing the drainage resistance through the graded packing layer in the terminal multi-layer ecological buffer zone.
2. The multi-stage linkage water quality purifying treatment method for river basin treatment according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the overflow weir is arranged at the water inlet of the biochemical purification unit, and the flow rate entering the biochemical purification unit is determined by the relative difference between the elevation of the weir crest and the height of the water level in the pretreatment tank.
3. The multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the specific surface area of a biological matrix filled in the anaerobic biological filter is not less than 200m 2 /m 3 , emergent aquatic plants are planted in the aerobic ecological pool, and microbial films are attached to root systems of the aquatic plants.
4. The multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment according to claim 3, wherein the hydraulic retention time in the aerobic ecological pool is determined by the following formula, wherein T=V/Q, T is the hydraulic retention time, V is the pool capacity of the aerobic ecological pool, Q is the real-time flow entering the aerobic ecological pool, and the hydraulic retention time is controlled to be more than 4 hours through the physical diversion effect of an overflow weir.
5. The multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the height of the step-type energy dissipation ridge is determined according to the river channel slope of the river basin, and the number of steps of the step-type energy dissipation ridge is 3 to 5.
6. The multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the terminal multi-layer ecological buffer zone consists of an emergent aquatic plant area, a submerged plant area and a broken stone damping layer, and the porosity of the broken stone damping layer is 30-45%.
7. The method for purifying and treating water quality in multiple steps of river basin according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, sand settling hoppers are arranged at the water outlet ends of the pretreatment tanks, and sand in runoffs in the river basin is settled to the bottoms of the sand settling hoppers by utilizing the action of gravity.
8. The multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment according to claim 1, wherein a flow guide partition plate is arranged in the biochemical purification unit, the included angle between the flow guide partition plate and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees, and the flow guide partition plate forms an S-shaped flow path of the river basin runoff in the biochemical purification unit.
9. The multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment according to claim 1, wherein a shading cover plate is arranged at the top of the anaerobic biological filter, and covers the overall liquid level of the anaerobic biological filter.
10. The method for purifying and treating water quality in a multistage linkage manner for treating a river basin according to claim 1, further comprising the step of arranging a water level regulating well at a water outlet of the terminal multi-layer ecological buffer zone, and changing the operation water level height in the biochemical purifying unit by the number of weir plates in the water level regulating well.

Description

Multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment. Background In the current small-river basin treatment engineering of the south hilly area, structures such as an artificial wetland, an anaerobic biological pond, an ecological buffer belt and the like are usually adopted for purifying treatment of non-point source pollution, and the structures are used for cooperatively removing chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in a water body through mechanisms such as matrix filtration, microbial degradation and plant absorption, so that in the conventional design of the purification technology, the hydraulic retention time and the stable state of a biological film directly determine the purification efficiency, and the purification unit has expected treatment effect under a stable hydraulic load environment. However, the topography of the south hilly area is greatly reduced, the runoff converging time generated by rainfall is short, the water level and flow fluctuation born by the treatment facilities are extremely severe, the traditional fixed purification unit generates overcurrent shearing force to cause biological membrane stripping when facing to the instant high hydraulic load formed by heavy rainfall, the prior art reduces inflow flow rate by optimizing the geometric configuration of an energy dissipation structure, for example, the China patent with the grant publication number of CN204875720U discloses a discontinuous small-bank ladder energy dissipation structure of spillways or spillways, the bottom plate is provided with discontinuous steps at intervals to reduce the energy of the spillways, the actual hydraulic retention time is greatly reduced along with the rapid increase of the flow rate, the biochemical reaction process cannot cover pollutant load, under the condition of low flow rate and shortage in the dead water period, the water body in the biochemical unit is stagnated due to the weakening of the water flow power, even anaerobic deodorization is caused due to insufficient supplement of dissolved oxygen, the running balance of an ecological system is destroyed, the prior improvement strategy generally adopts the redundancy design of expanding the volume of a pool body or is provided with an electric gate and a sensor control system, and the volume is increased, although the capacity of the system is increased, the power flow field is not stable, the power is not controlled, the land is not stable, and the land is not limited in the land is not maintained, and the land is not physically and the land is not restricted, and the land is not stable, and the land is not maintained. Therefore, how to construct a method capable of automatically adjusting a purifying path along with water level fluctuation and realizing real-time coupling of a topological structure of a processing unit and dynamic hydraulic load becomes the technical problem to be solved by the invention. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a multistage linkage water quality purification treatment method for river basin treatment, which comprises the following steps: Step S1, leading the basin runoff into a pretreatment pool, reducing the inflow speed of the basin runoff by using a stepped energy dissipation bank arranged in the pretreatment pool, and intercepting floaters and sediment in the basin runoff; S2, arranging an overflow weir at the joint of the pretreatment tank and the biochemical purification unit, guiding the basin runoff with the flow lower than a flow threshold to the biochemical purification unit through the overflow weir according to the water level pressure head in the pretreatment tank, and guiding the basin runoff exceeding the flow threshold to a shore zone ecological buffer zone; Step S3, sequentially introducing the basin runoffs entering the biochemical purification unit into an anaerobic biological filter and an aerobic ecological pool, generating fluid gravity flow by utilizing the elevation difference between the anaerobic biological filter and the aerobic ecological pool, and enabling the basin runoffs to be respectively contacted with biological matrixes in the anaerobic biological filter and aquatic plants in the aerobic ecological pool; And S4, introducing the drainage of the aerobic ecological pool into the terminal multi-layer ecological buffer zone, and increasing the drainage resistance through the graded packing layer in the terminal multi-layer ecological buffer zone. Preferably, in step S2, the overflow weir is disposed at the water inlet of the biochemical purification unit, and the flow rate entering the biochemical purification unit is determined by the relative difference between the elevation of the weir top and the height of the wate