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CN-122010370-A - Cold and dry differential household rural domestic sewage treatment method

CN122010370ACN 122010370 ACN122010370 ACN 122010370ACN-122010370-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a cold and dry area household type rural domestic sewage treatment method, which uses a single household as an independent treatment unit and runs automatically in a whole gravity way, and sequentially comprises the steps of household collection, anaerobic pretreatment, solar energy coupling biochemical treatment, sedimentation clarification, chlorine tablet disinfection and tail water recycling; the method is suitable for low-temperature climate in cold and dry areas and rural scattered layout characteristics, and adopts an overall scheme of sedimentation and clarification resource, chlorine tablet disinfection and differentiated tail water recycling, so that the whole process closed-loop treatment and resource recycling of sewage are realized, the problems of secondary pollution and water resource waste in rural sewage treatment in cold and dry areas are solved, the cooperation of sedimentation and clarification and disinfection links ensures that the safety of the tail water reaches the standard, the resource recycling converts the sewage into available water resources, the ecological and production requirements in cold and dry areas are met, and meanwhile, the whole scheme runs by gravity self in the whole process without additional power transmission.

Inventors

  • ZHANG YAQIANG
  • ZHANG ZHIPENG
  • XIE LEI
  • REN HUIHUI
  • LIU WEIFENG
  • XIAO TIAN
  • ZHANG YOUFU

Assignees

  • 中科核润(陕西)生态环境有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260416

Claims (9)

  1. 1. A method for treating rural domestic sewage in cold and dry regions is characterized by taking a single household as an independent treatment unit, automatically flowing in a whole process by gravity, and sequentially comprising the steps of household collection, anaerobic pretreatment, solar energy coupling biochemical treatment, precipitation clarification, chlorine tablet disinfection and tail water recycling, wherein the method is suitable for low-temperature climate and rural decentralized layout characteristics in cold and dry regions, and the treatment scale of the single household is 0.5m 3 /d.
  2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the household collection adopts PVC/PE pipeline non-household collection, only collects domestic sewage of farmers' kitchens and toilets, and does not collect yard watering water.
  3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic pretreatment adopts a three-lattice glass fiber reinforced plastic septic tank, the effective volume is 2.0m 3 , the volume ratio of the three tanks is 2:1:3, and the solid-liquid separation and the primary organic matter degradation are realized through anaerobic fermentation.
  4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solar energy coupling biochemical treatment adopts an underground carbon steel anti-corrosion biological purification facility, and a biochemical area, a sedimentation clarification area and a clear water area are arranged in the underground carbon steel anti-corrosion biological purification facility; The solar energy powered aeration is used for forming an aerobic/anoxic alternating environment and synchronously degrading COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the filler comprises, by weight, 10-15% of chopped basalt fibers, 8-12% of a multi-stage hole-enlarging modified diatomite porous carrier, 3-5% of a silane coupling agent, 2-4% of a sodium bicarbonate pore-forming agent and the balance of a polypropylene base material, and the surface of the filler is coated with a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-nano titanium dioxide-polyglutamic acid low-temperature compatible composite modified layer.
  5. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method for preparing the high-efficiency suspended biological filler comprises the following steps: s1, blending and melting a base material, namely, proportionally adding polypropylene, chopped basalt fiber, multi-stage reaming modified diatomite, a silane coupling agent and a sodium bicarbonate pore-forming agent into a high-speed mixer, mixing for 20-30min at 80-100 ℃, then adding into a double-screw extruder, and carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation at 180-200 ℃ to obtain modified base material particles; s2, putting the modified substrate particles into a spherical granulator, heating to 190-200 ℃ to enable the substrate particles to be fused and adhered, performing high-speed rotation centrifugal molding through the granulator, and performing cyclone cooling molding by matching with 8-12 ℃ cold air to prepare a porous spherical suspension filler blank; s3, preparing a composite modified liquid, namely dissolving chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, nano titanium dioxide and polyglutamic acid in a 2% acetic acid aqueous solution according to a mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.1:100, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a uniform composite modified liquid; s4, dip-coating gradient curing, namely completely immersing the porous suspension filler blank in the composite modifying liquid for 15-20min, taking out, pre-drying for 10min at 40-50 ℃, curing and drying for 20min at 60-70 ℃, and repeating dip-coating-curing for 2 times; s5, ultraviolet irradiation activation, namely placing the solidified filler into an ultraviolet irradiation box, and irradiating the filler with ultraviolet light for 10-15min.
  6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the ultraviolet light is 365nm ultraviolet light.
  7. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the multi-stage reaming modified diatomaceous earth is prepared by: ① Pickling to remove impurities, namely soaking and boiling diatomite and 5-8 wt% hydrochloric acid solution at 80-90 ℃ for 40-60min, leaching, and washing with deionized water to be neutral; ② Reaming with alkali liquor, namely treating with a 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution in a 60-70 ℃ water bath for 20-30min, filtering, and etching to open closed pores; ③ High temperature roasting and shaping, namely roasting for 90-120min in a muffle furnace at 450-500 ℃, removing organic impurities and stabilizing the pore structure; ④ Surface hydroxylation activation, namely soaking the substrate in 3-5 wt% of hydrogen peroxide solution for 15-20min at room temperature, and drying the substrate for 4 hours at 60 ℃ through suction filtration.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the sludge separated in the sedimentation and clarification area is periodically recycled, the supernatant enters the clear water area for temporary storage, and the clear water area is sterilized by manually adding chlorine slices.
  9. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the tail water in the clear water zone is recycled by pumping with a hand pump, and the irrigation season is used for dry land crop irrigation and the non-irrigation season is used for yard dust fall and vegetable field irrigation.

Description

Cold and dry differential household rural domestic sewage treatment method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a method for treating rural domestic sewage in different areas of cold and dry land. Background The rural domestic sewage has the characteristics of large water quality fluctuation, dispersed emission of mainly organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus and small treatment scale, and the unordered emission of the rural domestic sewage is easy to cause pollution of surrounding soil and water bodies, thereby threatening the rural ecological environment and resident health. On the one hand, the cold and dry area is long in winter and extremely low in temperature, the microbial activity in the conventional sewage treatment process can be greatly attenuated, so that the pollutant degradation efficiency is obviously reduced, and the emission standard is difficult to stably reach, on the other hand, the cold and dry area is in a scattered living mode, the sewage quantity generated by a single household is smaller, and the urban pipe network is lack of matching, so that the centralized treatment process cannot be adopted, and if the centralized treatment facility is forcibly constructed, the construction cost is high, the operation and maintenance difficulty is high, and the actual situation of rural scattered layout is difficult to adapt. At present, the existing rural domestic sewage treatment technology is mostly developed aiming at plain wet areas, and is difficult to be directly applied to cold and dry areas. A part of the decentralized treatment process can be suitable for single household or small-range treatment, but has the defects that firstly, a conventional single-grid septic tank is adopted in an anaerobic pretreatment link, solid-liquid separation is not thorough, the degradation effect of primary organic matters is poor, the load of a subsequent treatment unit is easily caused to be too high, the overall treatment efficiency is influenced, secondly, common filler is generally adopted in a biochemical treatment link, the performance of parent microorganisms of the filler in a low-temperature environment is insufficient, microorganisms are difficult to stably attach and survive, meanwhile, an efficient aeration regulation and control means is lacked, an aerobic/anoxic alternate environment suitable for pollutant degradation cannot be formed, the synchronous degradation capability of pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus is weak, and thirdly, a tail water recycling scheme is designed in part of the process without combining the characteristic of shortage of water resources in cold and arid regions, the water resource waste is caused, and the low-pollution water such as water is easily mixed into courtyard water and the ineffective treatment load is increased if a household collection mode is adopted. Therefore, developing a household type domestic sewage treatment method which is suitable for low-temperature climate in cold and arid regions and rural scattered layout features and combines treatment efficiency, operation and maintenance convenience and tail water resource utilization becomes a technical problem to be solved currently. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a method for treating rural domestic sewage in different areas of cold and dry land. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for treating rural domestic sewage in cold and dry areas, which uses individual households as independent treatment units and runs automatically by gravity in the whole process, sequentially comprises the steps of household collection, anaerobic pretreatment, solar energy coupling biochemical treatment, precipitation clarification, chlorine tablet disinfection and tail water recycling, wherein the method is suitable for low-temperature climate and rural decentralized layout characteristics in the cold and dry areas, and the treatment scale of the individual households is 0.5m 3/d. As a further technical scheme, the household collection adopts PVC/PE pipeline non-household collection, only collects domestic sewage of a kitchen and a toilet of a farmer, does not collect sprinkling water of a courtyard, and reduces treatment load. As a further technical scheme, the anaerobic pretreatment adopts a three-lattice glass fiber reinforced plastic septic tank, the effective volume is 2.0m 3, the volume ratio of the three tanks is 2:1:3, solid-liquid separation and primary organic matter degradation are realized through anaerobic fermentation, the wall thickness of the septic tank is more than or equal to 8mm, and the anaerobic fermentation type anaerobic fermentation tank has acid-alkali resistance and anti-seepage performance. As a further technical scheme, the solar energy coupling biochemical treatment adopts an underground