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CN-122010377-A - Treatment method and special equipment for cracking carbonized domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles

CN122010377ACN 122010377 ACN122010377 ACN 122010377ACN-122010377-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a treatment method and special equipment for cracking and carbonizing domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles, which belong to the technical field of sludge treatment and comprise a feeding system, an anaerobic environment generation system, an ultra-high temperature particle cracking reaction recovery system, a discharging and product collecting system and a central control system, wherein ultra-high-efficiency heating is realized by using the ultra-high temperature particles (such as particles heated by plasmas) as heat carriers, so that the instant and bulk heating of the sludge is realized, the temperature gradient problem of traditional external heating is avoided, and the heat efficiency is extremely high; the energy consumption is obviously reduced, high-temperature particles are recycled in the system and only need to supplement a small amount of loss caused by heat loss and entrainment, the generated synthesis gas can be recycled for energy supply, the external energy consumption is greatly reduced, the product quality is high, instantaneous high-temperature pyrolysis is favorable for forming biochar with developed pore structures, the fixed carbon content is high, the adsorption performance is good, and the added value is high. Meanwhile, the rapid temperature rise can effectively inhibit the generation of harmful substances such as dioxin and the like.

Inventors

  • YU XIAOMING
  • KONG WENHUA
  • MA RUOXI

Assignees

  • 浙江渡尘生物环保科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260203

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The treatment method for cracking carbonized domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles is characterized by comprising the following steps: sludge pretreatment (S1) is that sludge is dried and dehydrated, the water content of the sludge is reduced, and the sludge is arranged in a feeding system; The anaerobic environment is constructed (S2), inert gas is filled into the closed system, so that the oxygen content in the equipment is reduced, and the equipment forms an anaerobic environment; The preparation of the ultra-high temperature particles (S3) is that inert particles are heated to an ultra-high temperature state by ultra-high temperature particle generating equipment; Mixing and cracking (S4) that the pretreated sludge and the ultra-high temperature particles are introduced into a cracking reactor according to a certain mass ratio, fully mixed in the cracking reactor by a guide plate or a stirring device, so that the sludge is quickly heated in a short time and cracked in an anaerobic environment, and introduced into the cracking reactor according to the ratio of 8-12:1, fully mixed under the action of the guide plate or the stirring device and quickly reacted; product separation and recovery (S5): ① Gas-solid separation (S51) is carried out to separate the gas-solid mixture, wherein the solid enters a cyclone separator and the gas enters a condenser; ② The solid phase separation and utilization (S52) is to separate the solid phase substances by a separation device and collect and utilize the separated substances; ③ The cracking gas treatment (S53) is to treat and utilize the cracked gas; process control (S6) is to monitor and adjust the feed rate, inert gas flow, particle heating power, reaction temperature and system pressure by a PLC or DCS control system.
  2. 2. The method for treating domestic sludge by pyrolysis carbonization of ultra-high temperature particles according to claim 1, wherein the domestic sludge in the sludge pretreatment (S1) is dried to a water content of 30% or less, and is fed through a screw feeder and a star-shaped discharge valve.
  3. 3. The method for treating domestic sludge by pyrolysis carbonization using ultra-high temperature particles according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas introduced in the anaerobic environment construction (S2) is nitrogen, and the concentration of oxygen in the system is lower than 1% by the inert gas.
  4. 4. The method for treating domestic sludge by pyrolysis carbonization using ultra-high temperature particles according to claim 1, wherein the ultra-high temperature particles are prepared (S3) by heating carrier particles, which are quartz sand, ceramic microspheres or metal particles having a particle size of 0.5-1mm, to 1500 ℃ by a particle generator.
  5. 5. The method for treating domestic sludge by pyrolysis and carbonization using ultra-high temperature particles according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the sludge to the ultra-high temperature particles in the mixing and pyrolysis (S4) is 10:1, and after the sludge is mixed by a stirring device, the temperature of the sludge is raised to 500-800 ℃ within 2-5 seconds, and the sludge is cracked to generate biochar and cracked gas in an anaerobic environment.
  6. 6. The method for treating carbonized domestic sludge by pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein in the separation and recovery of the product (S5), gas and solid mixture are separated by pumping gas, the solid mixture is separated by cyclone separator or vibrating screen, wherein the recovery rate of the superhigh temperature particles is more than or equal to 99%, the superhigh temperature particles are returned to the pyrolysis reactor by a lifter, the rest biochar is cooled to below 50 ℃ by a water-cooled jacket discharger and discharged, the pyrolysis gas is introduced into a condenser during the pyrolysis gas treatment, liquid product and non-condensable gas are formed after condensation, the liquid product is collected after separation by an oil-water separator, and the non-condensable gas is burnt by a burner and is supplied to a plasma torch or equipment.
  7. 7. A special device based on a treatment method for cracking carbonized domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles according to any one of claims 1-6 is characterized by comprising a feeding system, an anaerobic environment generating system, an ultra-high temperature particle cracking reaction recovery system, a discharging and product collecting system and a central control system, wherein the feeding system is used for stably conveying sludge into the cracking reaction system and guaranteeing an internal anaerobic environment, the anaerobic environment generating system is used for conveying inert gas into the cracking reaction system so as to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the inert gas is lower than 1%, the ultra-high temperature particle cracking reaction recovery system is used for heating particles to ultra-high temperature, separating the particles through the discharging and product collecting system, recovering the particles into the cracking reaction system through the recovery system, carrying out reheating utilization, fully mixing the sludge and the particles in the ultra-high temperature particle cracking reaction recovery system so as to realize quick reaction, the discharging and product collecting system is used for treating the reacted product, separating solid phase matters, separating gas phase matters and utilizing the gas phase matters, and monitoring and controlling various parameters.
  8. 8. The special equipment for the treatment method for the carbonized domestic sludge by the ultra-high temperature particle pyrolysis according to claim 7, wherein the ultra-high temperature particle pyrolysis reaction recovery system comprises a pyrolysis reactor 10, a plurality of stirring blades 16 which are rotatably connected with the pyrolysis reactor 10 are distributed in the pyrolysis reactor 10, each stirring blade 16 is driven by an independent motor, a particle generator 11 is arranged at one end face of the pyrolysis reactor 10, an opening of the particle generator 11 is communicated with the inside of the pyrolysis reactor 10, a particle feeding port 12 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the particle generator 11, particles fed into the particle feeding port 12 can be heated by the particle generator 11 and then enter the pyrolysis reactor 10, the particle generator 11 is arranged on a lower mounting piece, a control device 14 and a power supply box 13 are respectively arranged on the mounting piece, the particle feeding port 12 is also matched with the existing airtight lifting device, and a discharging part 15 is arranged at the other end face of the pyrolysis reactor 10.
  9. 9. The method for treating carbonized domestic sludge by ultra-high temperature particle pyrolysis according to claim 7, wherein the anaerobic environment generating system and the discharging and product collecting system of the feeding system use the existing equipment and technology, such as the discharging system comprises a sludge bin for storing sludge, and the existing equipment screw feeder and a wind locking device, and the wind locking device is a star-shaped discharge valve.
  10. 10. The method for treating domestic sludge by pyrolysis carbonization using ultra-high temperature particles according to claim 4, wherein the particle generator is a plasma torch or a high temperature arc device, and can instantaneously heat a specific carrier (such as inert quartz sand, ceramic microspheres or metal particles) to an ultra-high temperature state.

Description

Treatment method and special equipment for cracking carbonized domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to a treatment method and special equipment for cracking carbonized domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles. Background 1. Current situation and problem of treatment of domestic sludge: Along with the acceleration of the urban process, a large amount of domestic sludge generated by a sewage treatment plant has become a serious environmental problem. The traditional treatment modes such as landfill (occupying land and having pollution risk), composting (long treatment period and having peculiar smell) and incineration (generating toxic gases such as dioxin and the like and having high energy consumption) have the defects of different degrees. It is urgent to find a "reduced, stabilized, harmless, and recycled" treatment technology. 2. Existing pyrolysis/carbonization techniques and limitations thereof: the sludge pyrolysis carbonization technology is to crack organic matters in sludge by heating under an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment to generate biochar, synthesis gas and pyrolysis oil. This is a promising technique for recycling. However, the prior art mostly adopts external heating (such as rotary kiln, muffle furnace) or internal heating (such as heat carrier): uneven heating, namely heat conduction from outside to inside in the traditional heating mode, and temperature gradient exists, so that the external overburning and the internal pyrolysis of the sludge block are not thorough. The energy consumption is high, the whole reaction cavity needs to be continuously heated, and the heat efficiency is low. The product quality is poor, and the heating rate is low, so that the quick precipitation of volatile matters is not facilitated, secondary reaction is easy to occur, and the pore structure and the fixed carbon content of the biochar are affected. The equipment is easy to coke, and under the traditional heating mode, tar generated by pyrolysis is easy to condense on the inner wall of the equipment, so that blockage and corrosion are caused. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a new sludge carbonization device that heats rapidly, uniformly, consumes low energy, and has high product quality; in order to solve the problems, the application provides a treatment method and special equipment for cracking carbonized domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a treatment method and special equipment for cracking carbonized domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles. The technical scheme includes that the special equipment for cracking carbonized domestic sludge by using ultra-high temperature particles comprises a feeding system, an anaerobic environment generation system, an ultra-high temperature particle cracking reaction recovery system, a discharging and product collecting system and a central control system, wherein the feeding system is used for stably conveying sludge into the cracking reaction system and guaranteeing an internal anaerobic environment, the anaerobic environment generation system is used for conveying inert gas into the cracking reaction system so as to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the inert gas is lower than 1%, the ultra-high temperature particle cracking reaction recovery system is used for heating particles to ultra-high temperature, the particles are separated by the discharging and product collecting system and then are recovered into the cracking reaction system through the recovery system for reheating and utilization, the sludge and the particles in the ultra-high temperature particle cracking reaction recovery system are fully mixed to realize rapid reaction, the discharging and product collecting system is used for processing the reacted products, separating solid phase matters, separating gas phase matters and utilizing the gas phase matters, and the central control system is used for monitoring and controlling various parameters. Preferably, the ultra-high temperature particle cracking reaction recovery system comprises a cracking reactor, wherein a plurality of stirring blades which are rotationally connected with the cracking reactor are distributed in the cracking reactor, each stirring blade is driven by an independent motor, a particle generator is arranged at one end face of the cracking reactor, an opening of the particle generator is communicated with the inside of the cracking reactor, a particle feeding port is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the particle generator, particles fed into the particle feeding port can be heated by the particle generator and then enter the cracking reactor, the particle generator is mounted on a mounting piece below, a control device and