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CN-122011016-A - Ionic compound serving as gelator and lubricating oil additive, preparation method thereof and application thereof in conductive lubricant

CN122011016ACN 122011016 ACN122011016 ACN 122011016ACN-122011016-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lubricating materials, and provides an ionic compound serving as a gel factor and a lubricating oil additive, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a conductive lubricant. The ionic compound provided by the invention can be applied as a gel factor or a lubricating oil additive, can be self-assembled into a complicated three-dimensional network structure in base oil when being used as the gel factor, captures liquid lubricating oil, and forms a solid-like conductive gel lubricant. In addition, the ionic compound can be used as a lubricating oil additive, can improve antifriction, antiwear, extreme pressure performance and the like of lubricating oil, simultaneously can endow the lubricating oil with conductive performance, and can still show excellent lubricating performance under the action of an electric field.

Inventors

  • CAI MEIRONG
  • BAI YANYAN
  • ZHOU FENG
  • ZHANG MING
  • LIANG YIJING
  • YU QIANGLIANG
  • LIU CHANGQING

Assignees

  • 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所
  • 烟台先进材料与绿色制造山东省实验室

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260203

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An ionic compound having a structure according to formula I: A formula I; in the formula I, R is an alkyl chain, the chain length of the alkyl chain is 12-18, and X is O or S.
  2. 2. The ionic compound of claim 1, wherein the alkyl chain has a chain length of 12, 16, or 18.
  3. 3. A process for the preparation of an ionic compound according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: (1) Mixing a compound with a structure shown in a formula A, an organic solvent and N, N-dimethyl ethylenediamine for reaction to obtain an intermediate, wherein the structure of the intermediate is shown in a formula B; R-n=c=x formula a; Formula B; in the formula A and the formula B, X is O or S; (2) And mixing the intermediate, di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and an organic solvent for reaction to obtain the ionic compound with the structure shown in the formula I.
  4. 4. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of the compound of the structure shown in the formula A to N, N-dimethylethylenediamine is 1:1-1.5, the reaction temperature in the step (1) is 20-25 ℃ and the reaction time is 3-10 h.
  5. 5. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of the intermediate to the di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is 1:1-1.5, the reaction temperature in step (2) is 40-80 ℃ and the reaction time is 10-15 h.
  6. 6. The use of an ionic compound according to claim 1 or 2 in an electrically conductive lubricant, wherein the ionic compound is used as a lubricant additive when the alkyl chain length is 12 to 17 and as a gelator when the alkyl chain length is 18.
  7. 7. An ionic conduction gel lubricant comprising a base oil and an ionic gelator, wherein the ionic gelator is an ionic compound according to claim 1 or 2, and wherein the alkyl chain of formula I has a chain length of 18.
  8. 8. The ionic conduction gel lubricant according to claim 7, wherein the mass fraction of ionic gel factor in the ionic gel lubricant is 10-14%.
  9. 9. An ionic-type conductive lubricating oil, which is characterized by comprising a base oil and a lubricating oil additive, wherein the lubricating oil additive is an ionic compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and the chain length of an alkyl chain in the formula I is 12-17.
  10. 10. The ionic-conductive lubricating oil according to claim 9, wherein the mass fraction of the lubricating oil additive in the ionic-conductive lubricating oil is 3-10%.

Description

Ionic compound serving as gelator and lubricating oil additive, preparation method thereof and application thereof in conductive lubricant Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of lubricating materials, in particular to an ionic compound serving as a gel factor and a lubricating oil additive, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a conductive lubricant. Background The conductive lubricant is a special functional material with the dual core functions of lubrication antifriction and conductive guide and discharge, the importance and the necessity of research are essentially determined by the core requirements of modern industry on efficient transmission and low-loss operation and maintenance, and the effect of the conductive lubricant is upgraded from auxiliary materials to key performance guarantee materials in the fields of electronics, new energy sources, high-end equipment and the like. The performance of the composite material directly determines the signal stability of electronic equipment, the safety life of a new energy automobile and the extreme environmental adaptability of aerospace equipment, and is a key material for supporting the development of high-end manufacturing industry. In the traditional materials, the conduction and lubrication are natural contradiction, namely, the conduction materials (such as metal powder and carbon-based materials) are mostly hard particles, friction and abrasion are easy to increase, and the lubrication materials (such as mineral oil and fluorine oil) are mostly insulating media, so that current transmission can be blocked. In the modern industry, a large number of critical components need to realize both "current stable transmission" and "wear control", and lack of an adaptive conductive lubricant can directly lead to equipment failure. Therefore, a novel lubricating material needs to be researched, the interface action between the conductive material and the matrix is adjusted through molecular design, the cooperative improvement of the conductive performance and the lubricating performance is realized, and the novel conductive lubricating material integrating conductivity and lubrication is obtained. In recent years, supramolecular gel lubricants have gained widespread attention due to their unique structure and designability. The material has a unique three-dimensional network structure, can capture flowing lubricating oil to form a solid-like gel-state material, and solves the problem that the lubricating oil is easy to creep and migrate. In addition, the material has excellent thermal and mechanical force responsiveness, can realize reversible transformation of gel state-sol state of the supermolecule gel lubricating material through the regulation and control of thermal or mechanical force, and ensures that the supermolecule gel lubricating agent can play an excellent role in lubrication and sealing in the friction process. More importantly, the material has higher designability, and can introduce various antifriction, antiwear, antioxidant, high temperature resistant and other factors through the precise design of the gel factor, so that a series of supermolecule gel lubricating new materials applicable to different working conditions, such as high temperature resistant, antioxidant, high vacuum resistant and other supermolecule gel lubricants, are obtained. However, most of the current gel factors are nonionic, the gel factors are assembled to form a three-dimensional network structure through non-covalent bond, the gel factors do not have ion conduction capacity, and the constructed supermolecule gel matrix also does not have conductivity and cannot meet the requirements of conductive lubricants. Disclosure of Invention In view of this, the present invention provides an ionic compound as a gelator and lubricant additive, a process for its preparation and its use in electrically conductive lubricants. The invention obtains an ionic compound which can be used as a gel factor or a lubricating oil additive through accurate design, and develops a novel supermolecule gel lubricating material with conductivity. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An ionic compound having the structure of formula I: A formula I; in the formula I, R is an alkyl chain, the chain length of the alkyl chain is 12-18, and X is O or S. Preferably, the alkyl chain has a chain length of 12, 16 or 18. The invention also provides a preparation method of the ionic compound, which comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing a compound with a structure shown in a formula A, an organic solvent and N, N-dimethyl ethylenediamine for reaction to obtain an intermediate, wherein the structure of the intermediate is shown in a formula B; R-n=c=x formula a; Formula B; in the formula A and the formula B, X is O or S; (2) And mixing the intermediate, di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and an organic sol