CN-122011794-A - Water-retention drought-enduring straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration materials, and discloses a water-retention drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration and a preparation method thereof, wherein the water-retention drought-resistant straw fiber composite material comprises 40-70 parts of plant fibers, 3-15 parts of super absorbent resin, 2-10 parts of decomposed organic matters, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 12-18 parts of coal gangue powder, 2-8 parts of organic binders, 5-15 parts of sludge, 2-10 parts of nutritional agents and 1-5 parts of microbial agents. The invention has scientific component collocation and remarkable synergistic effect, can efficiently retain water and lock water, slowly release water and nutrients, can improve sandy soil structure, promote plant root growth, can realize resource utilization of wastes such as straw, fly ash and the like, has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost and adaptation to desert environments, and can rapidly improve vegetation survival rate and ecological restoration efficiency in desert areas.

Inventors

• GONG XIN
• XIE PINGWEI
• GONG XU

Assignees

• 固鑫生态工程技术研究(内蒙古)有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260116

Claims (10)

1. 1. The water-retaining drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 40-70 parts of plant fiber, 3-15 parts of super absorbent resin, 2-10 parts of decomposed organic matters, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 12-18 parts of gangue powder, 2-8 parts of organic binder, 5-15 parts of sludge, 2-10 parts of nutritional agent and 1-5 parts of microbial agent.
2. 2. The water-retention drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein the plant fiber is straw fiber, the super absorbent resin is environment-friendly polyacrylate resin, and the environment-friendly polyacrylate resin is modified starch grafted polyacrylate resin or cellulose grafted polyacrylate resin.
3. 3. The water-retention drought-tolerant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed organic matters are obtained by mixing decomposed straw powder and decomposed biogas residues, and the mass ratio of the decomposed straw powder to the decomposed biogas residues is 1:1.
4. 4. The water-retention drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein the organic binder is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol and lignosulfonate.
5. 5. The water-retention drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein the nutritional agent is obtained by mixing a slow-release compound fertilizer, humic acid and phosphogypsum, and the mass ratio of the slow-release compound fertilizer, the humic acid and the phosphogypsum is 1-2:1-2:1-2.
6. 6. The water-retention drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is obtained by compounding drought-resistant rooting-promoting rhizobium, phosphate-dissolving potassium-dissolving bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, and the mass ratio of the drought-resistant rooting-promoting rhizobium, the phosphate-dissolving potassium-dissolving bacteria to the photosynthetic bacteria is 1:1:1-2:1:1.
7. 7. A method for preparing the water-retention drought-enduring straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration according to any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Pretreating plant fibers, fly ash, gangue powder and sludge to obtain a standby mixed material; Mixing the standby mixed material with sludge, decomposed organic matters and a nutritional agent to obtain a basic mixture; Preparing a microbial agent into a microbial agent solution, mixing the microbial agent solution with the basic mixture, stirring, adding an organic binder and a super absorbent resin, heating and stirring to obtain a mixture to be formed; and pressing the mixture to be formed into particles or sheet materials, and then cooling and drying to obtain the water-retaining drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration.
8. 8. The preparation method of the plant powder, according to claim 7, is characterized in that the pretreatment is specifically that plant fibers are crushed to 1-5mm, fly ash and coal gangue powder are dried to a water content of less than or equal to 5%, and sludge is crushed to 80-mesh after being dried.
9. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the heating and stirring are performed at a temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 20-40 minutes.
10. 10. The application of the water-retention drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration in the desert control and ecological restoration and the materials thereof is characterized in that the water-retention drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration is the material of any one of claims 1-6.

Description

Water-retention drought-enduring straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration materials, in particular to a water-retaining drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration and a preparation method thereof. Background Desertification is one of the major ecological environment problems facing the world, and its spread not only leads to decline of land productivity and reduction of biodiversity, but also causes extreme climate events such as sand storm and the like, seriously threatens regional ecological safety and human survival development. At present, the core pain points of desert control and ecological restoration are concentrated on three problems of lack of water, bad soil structure and quick nutrient loss, and the existing restoration technology and materials still have a plurality of defects, so that the ecological restoration target with high efficiency and long acting is difficult to realize. In the aspect of water retention, annual precipitation in desert areas is rare, evaporation capacity is large, soil water retention capacity is extremely poor, limited precipitation or irrigation water is easy to permeate down or evaporate and run off rapidly, and plant seeds are low in germination rate and seedlings are difficult to survive. The traditional water-retaining material such as pure super absorbent resin has certain water-absorbing capacity, but has the problems of poor combination with soil, difficult matching of water release rate with plant demands, easy migration along with sand wind and the like, and lacks improvement effect on soil structure, so that the problem of low water utilization rate cannot be fundamentally solved. In the aspect of soil structure improvement, the desert soil mainly takes loose sand grains, has a missing aggregate structure, weak wind erosion resistance and water erosion resistance, and extremely low organic matter content (usually lower than 0.5 percent), and has the characteristics of thin, dry and scattered soil. In the existing repairing materials, although inorganic fillers (such as sand, coal ash and the like) can improve the stability of soil, the inorganic fillers lack of the cooperation of organic components, so that the soil fertility is difficult to improve, and the pure organic materials (such as straw and decomposed organic fertilizer) have the defects of poor formability and weak wind erosion resistance and cannot be reserved on the desert surface for a long time to play a role. In the aspect of nutrient supply, the soil in the desert is deficient in nutrient and easy to leach and lose, and the conventional fertilizer is easy to volatilize quickly or infiltrate with water after being applied, so that the nutrient utilization rate is low (usually less than 30 percent), and the secondary salinization of the soil can be possibly caused. The existing slow release fertilizer products are designed for farmlands, do not adapt to the strong evaporation and strong leakage characteristics of the desert environment, have a slow release period which is not matched with the plant growth requirements, lack the synergy with the functions of water retention and soil improvement, and are difficult to support the full-period growth of plants from seedlings to adult plants. In addition, the existing desert restoration material has the problems of resource waste, insufficient environmental protection and the like, that part of the material depends on nonrenewable resources for preparation, the cost is high, part of the chemical synthesis material has poor degradability, soil pollution can be caused by long-term use, and simultaneously, a large amount of straws, industrial wastes (such as fly ash and coal gangue) and sludge of sewage treatment plants and the like generated in agricultural production are not fully utilized, so that resources are wasted and the environment is polluted. Based on the method, the composite repair material which has the functions of high-efficiency water retention, soil structure improvement and long-acting nutrient supply, can realize the resource utilization of wastes, is environment-friendly and has low cost has important practical significance. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the invention provides a water-retaining drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration, which aims to solve at least one of the problems in the prior art. The invention provides a water-retaining drought-resistant straw fiber composite material for desert control and ecological restoration, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-70 parts of plant fiber, 3-15 parts of super absorbent resin, 2-10 parts of decomposed organic matters, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 12-18 parts of gangue powder, 2-8 parts