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CN-122012008-A - Water-blocking adhesive for double-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing and preparation method thereof

CN122012008ACN 122012008 ACN122012008 ACN 122012008ACN-122012008-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of polyurethane binders, and particularly relates to a water-blocking adhesive for a double-component polyurethane photovoltaic seal and a preparation method thereof. The water-blocking adhesive comprises A, B parts by mass of a double-component with the mass ratio of 0.8-1:1, wherein the raw materials of the component A comprise 30-40 parts by mass of first polyol, 5-8 parts by mass of porous hybrid microspheres, 10-20 parts by mass of filler, 30-40 parts by mass of first flame retardant and 0.1-0.3 part by mass of first catalyst, the porous hybrid microspheres are porous organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel materials prepared by reacting organosilicon compounds, nano silicon dioxide and polyvinyl alcohol by a sol-gel method, the raw materials of the component B comprise 40-50 parts by mass of NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer, 10-20 parts by mass of filler and 30-40 parts by mass of second flame retardant, and the NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by reacting the second polyol with diisocyanate. The surface of the porous hybrid microsphere is rich in silicon hydroxyl and alcohol hydroxyl, has a porous structure, and endows the water-blocking adhesive with an excellent water vapor blocking function, and the silicon hydroxyl alcohol hydroxyl on the microsphere reacts with the NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer to form a compact crosslinked water-blocking network, so that the water vapor blocking performance is improved.

Inventors

  • Zhu Ningxiang
  • SUN JIALE
  • HUANG CHENGSHENG

Assignees

  • 广东德聚技术股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260323

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A water-blocking adhesive for double-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing is characterized by comprising A, B double components with the mass ratio of 0.8-1:1, The component A comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 30-40 parts of first polyol, 5-8 parts of porous hybrid microspheres, 10-20 parts of filler, 30-40 parts of first flame retardant and 0.1-0.3 part of first catalyst, wherein the porous hybrid microspheres are porous organic-inorganic hybrid aerogel materials prepared by a sol-gel method by taking an organosilicon compound as a precursor, nano silicon dioxide as a reinforcing component and polyvinyl alcohol as an organic component, and the mass ratio of the organosilicon compound to the nano silicon dioxide to the polyvinyl alcohol is 3-5:0.1-0.5:1; The component B comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 40-50 parts of NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer, 10-20 parts of filler and 30-40 parts of second flame retardant, wherein the NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by reacting second polyol with diisocyanate, and the NCO content of the NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer is 8-12wt%.
  2. 2. The water-blocking adhesive for the two-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the organosilicon compound to the nano silicon dioxide to the polyvinyl alcohol is 3-5:0.1-0.3:1.
  3. 3. The water-blocking adhesive for the double-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the average particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 15-60nm, the organic silicon compound is selected from one or more than two of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate, butyl orthosilicate, methyltrimethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane, and the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 15-20 ten thousand.
  4. 4. The water-blocking adhesive for the double-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the porous hybrid microsphere comprises the following steps of preparing silica sol by taking an organosilicon compound as a raw material, mixing the silica sol with nano silicon dioxide and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, reacting, freeze-drying and jet milling to prepare the porous hybrid microsphere.
  5. 5. The water-blocking adhesive for the double-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing of claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the silica sol comprises the following steps of mixing an organosilicon compound, organic alcohol and water, adjusting the pH to 2-4, and performing temperature control reaction to obtain the silica sol.
  6. 6. The water-blocking adhesive for the two-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the organosilicon compound to the organic alcohol to the water is 1:1-5:0.1-0.5. The temperature control reaction is to stir at the rotating speed of 100-300rpm for 1-2h at the temperature of 40-60 ℃.
  7. 7. The water-blocking adhesive for the two-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing according to claim 1, wherein the first polyol has a functionality of 2.5-3 and a hydroxyl value of 100-400mg KOH/g, wherein the first polyol is selected from one or a combination of more than two of modified castor oil polyol, modified palm oil polyol, modified cashew nut shell oil polyol, modified rapeseed oil polyol and modified soybean oil polyol, and preferably the first polyol is modified castor oil polyol having a functionality of 2.6-2.9 and a hydroxyl value of 109-342mg KOH/g.
  8. 8. The water-blocking adhesive for the two-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing according to claim 1, wherein the second polyol has a functionality of 2-3 and a number average molecular weight of 2000-6000, wherein the second polyol is selected from one or more of hydrogenated hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, polyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol and polyoxypropylene triol, the diisocyanate is selected from one or more of isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate, and preferably the second polyol is hydrogenated hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and/or hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene having a functionality of 2-2.3 and a number average molecular weight of 3000-5000.
  9. 9. The water-blocking adhesive for the double-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer comprises the following steps of adding a second polyol into a reaction kettle, dehydrating, cooling for the first time, adding diisocyanate and a second catalyst, mixing uniformly, reacting under vacuum condition under temperature control, and cooling for the second time to obtain the NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer.
  10. 10. The preparation method of the two-component polyurethane photovoltaic water-resistant adhesive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Uniformly mixing the first polyol, the porous hybrid microspheres, the filler, the first flame retardant and the second catalyst, and dehydrating to obtain a component A; 2) And uniformly mixing the filler and the second flame retardant, dehydrating, adding the NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer, uniformly mixing, and defoaming to obtain the component B.

Description

Water-blocking adhesive for double-component polyurethane photovoltaic sealing and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of polyurethane binders, and particularly relates to a water-blocking adhesive for a double-component polyurethane photovoltaic seal and a preparation method thereof. Background Solar energy is used as the most common and most extensive long-term clean energy, and can be used for realizing photo-thermal power generation by utilizing the solar photo-thermal effect and photovoltaic power generation by utilizing the solar photo-electric effect. Through the development of over ten years, the photovoltaic industry has become an important power for promoting the energy transformation of China. Along with the continuous expansion of the scale of the photovoltaic power station, the serial number of the components is also continuously increased, the voltage born between the circuit in the components and the grounded component frame is also increased, and the performance of the photovoltaic components can be continuously attenuated under the action of high voltage for a long time, namely potential induced attenuation (Potential Induced Degradation, PID). In photovoltaic power plants, photovoltaic modules with PID effect are ubiquitous. However, most power stations deal with the PID effect by replacing the components after their power has decayed to some degree. This approach not only results in unnecessary cost increases, but also affects the power generation efficiency and economic benefits of the photovoltaic power plant. How to prevent PID effect of the photovoltaic module from occurring from the source and avoid the performance attenuation of the module becomes an important technical problem to be solved in the current photovoltaic industry. Researches show that the generation of PID effect of the photovoltaic module is closely related to the formation of leakage current, and the generation and conduction of the leakage current are closely related to the water vapor permeation and interface sealing performance of the packaging part of the module. In the actual working process of the photovoltaic power station, the temperature and humidity change in the environment can promote leakage current to be formed between the battery piece and the grounding frame, and the connection part among the packaging material, the backboard, the glass and the frame of the photovoltaic module is easy to form a leakage current channel due to poor sealing and poor water blocking performance, the permeability of water vapor can further reduce the interface insulating performance, the conduction of the leakage current is accelerated, and the PID effect is induced and aggravated, so that the module performance is fast attenuated. The photovoltaic water-blocking adhesive is a core material in the packaging process of the photovoltaic module, is mainly used for sealing a module frame, a back plate and glass, and directly determines the sealing reliability of a module interface according to the water-blocking performance, the insulating performance, the adhesive performance and the environmental aging resistance, thereby influencing the formation of a leakage current channel and the occurrence probability of a PID effect. Therefore, from the source of materials, research and development of high-performance water-blocking adhesive with ultra-low water vapor transmittance, multi-substrate tough adhesion and composite environmental aging resistance is one of main methods for preventing component PID effect and blocking initial performance attenuation from the source, and a great deal of work is done around research and development of high-performance water-blocking adhesive with low water vapor transmittance, multi-substrate tough adhesion and composite environmental aging resistance by research and development personnel in the field, such as the water-blocking adhesive for photovoltaic component sealing disclosed in patent CN106811153B, which is mainly prepared by mixing olefin polymer, silane modified olefin polymer, super absorbent resin, reinforcing filler, inert filler, drying agent and antioxidant according to a mass ratio of 100:5-30:2-10:10-20:20-40:5-10:0.1-0.5. The patent introduces the super absorbent resin to absorb water to form a gelatinous substance, effectively lock the water and form a gel barrier, and improve the water vapor barrier property, but the super absorbent resin has secondary risk of absorbing water firstly and being Wen Shishui high, and the gelatinous substance swells after absorbing water, so that the volume expansion damages the interface combination of colloid and frame/glass, and the water vapor permeation is aggravated. The polyurethane water-resistant adhesive for the photovoltaic module frame comprises, by volume, 1 part of an A component and 1 part of a B component, wherein the A component comprises, by weight, 5-10 parts of modified casto