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CN-122012101-A - Soil conditioner and uranium mining area vegetation restoration method

CN122012101ACN 122012101 ACN122012101 ACN 122012101ACN-122012101-A

Abstract

The invention provides a soil conditioner, which is used for curing the raw soil in uranium mining areas with high speed, economy, safety and stability. The soil conditioner is used for curing soil, and then herbaceous plants are sowed, so that the effective improvement of the uranium mining area soil is realized. The physical structure, chemical characteristics and biological activity of the soil are obviously improved, the soil structure is improved, the water and fertilizer holding capacity is improved, the heavy metal pollution is reduced, the survival rate of plants is increased, the plant growth is promoted, and the vegetation recovery is realized.

Inventors

  • Xu lechang
  • MA LI

Assignees

  • 核工业北京化工冶金研究院

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20241111

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A soil conditioner comprises a water-retaining agent, plant ash and biochar, The water-retaining agent is linear anionic polyacrylamide, the plant ash is obtained by burning a mixture of herbaceous and/or woody plants in an oxygen atmosphere, and the biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing rice hulls in a non-oxygen atmosphere at 500-800 ℃.
  2. 2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein, The particle size of the water-retaining agent is 40-100 meshes, The weight ratio of the water-retaining agent, plant ash and biochar is as follows: the weight portion of the water-retaining agent is 0.05 to 0.3 portion, The plant ash accounts for 0.3 to 0.9 part by weight, The biochar is 0.5-1.5 parts by weight, preferably, The weight portion of the water-retaining agent is 0.3 portion, The plant ash is 0.3 part by weight, The weight portion of the biochar is 1 portion.
  3. 3. A uranium mining area vegetation restoration method, which is characterized in that raw soil and cooked soil of the uranium mining area are mixed according to a weight ratio of 1:1, then the soil conditioner in claim 1 or 2 is added into the mixed soil of the raw soil and the cooked soil of the uranium mining area, and herbaceous plants are planted after the mixed soil is paved in an area to be restored for curing.
  4. 4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises in particular the following steps: Step 1, mixing raw soil and cooked soil in a uranium ore zone according to a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain raw and cooked mixed soil; step 2, mixing the soil conditioner, the fertilizer and the raw and cooked soil mixture obtained in the step 1 to obtain backfill soil; And 3, paving backfill soil in the to-be-restored area for curing, and sowing grass seeds to enable the grass seeds to develop and grow so as to restore vegetation in the uranium mining area.
  5. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, in step 2, Based on 100 parts by weight of the raw and cooked mixed soil, 1-5 Parts by weight of fertilizer; 1-2 parts by weight of a soil conditioner; the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer and/or a farm fertilizer, preferably a compound fertilizer and a farm fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of N to P to K in the compound fertilizer is (12-25): 4-15): 12-25.
  6. 6. The process according to claim 4, wherein in step 3, the curing temperature is 15-35 ℃, preferably 18-35 ℃, and the curing time is 84-126 days, preferably 108-116 days.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein, in step 2, The soil conditioner is prepared from 1.5-2 parts by weight, preferably 1.6 parts by weight, The fertilizer is compound fertilizer and/or farm fertilizer, preferably compound fertilizer and farm fertilizer, and the weight parts of the fertilizer are 1-5, preferably 2-4.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein, in step 3, The water content of the backfill soil is controlled to be 25-35wt percent, The curing temperature is 15-35 ℃, preferably 18-35 ℃, and the curing time is 84-126 days, preferably 108-116 days.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that in step 3, the grass seeds are ryegrass seeds, the sowing amount is 12-35g/m 2 , preferably 15-30g/m 2 , and the seeds are blended into a soil layer of 1-3 cm.
  10. 10. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step 3, the grass seeds are grown for at least 90 days after sowing.

Description

Soil conditioner and uranium mining area vegetation restoration method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner and a uranium mining area vegetation restoration method, in particular to a soil conditioner and a method for restoring the vegetation ecology of a mined uranium mining area by using ryegrass plants. Background At present, common soil curing techniques are mainly divided into physical curing, chemical curing and biological curing. The physical curing technical means comprise agronomic measures such as soil covering, timely cultivation, ploughing, soil leveling, sand spreading, canal discharging, vertical irrigation and the like. The physical curing period is long and the workload is large. Chemical curing mainly refers to curing raw soil by using chemical modifier, most of research on soil curing is focused on mining areas, especially on restoration of soil functions of coal mining areas and stone mining areas, improvement of farmland soil and the like, and common modifier is natural or artificial modifier such as humic acid, high molecular water-retaining agent, desulfurized gypsum, biochar, fly ash, coal gangue, steel slag, zeolite powder, sepiolite and the like. The biological curing technology can be divided into plant improvement and microorganism improvement, wherein the plant improvement utilizes the characteristics of plants, such as enrichment of heavy metals, soil scarification effect and the like, and the microorganism improvement is to utilize microorganism metabolism to promote mineralization of soil nutrient substances by adding microorganism microbial inoculum and the like into the soil, so that the gap is increased, and the soil improvement effect is achieved. Although research on soil curing has been carried out for many years, the whole theoretical framework has been mature and the technical means have been abundant. However, at present, single modifier is mostly adopted for curing raw soil, the effect taking time is long, the modifying capability is limited, the composite modifier lacks theoretical support of single material influence, the mixing amount and the mixing effect are not clear, and the method is not suitable for realizing the rapid curing of the raw soil in uranium mining areas. Therefore, a curing method which can realize rapid curing of the raw soil in the uranium mining area and plant establishment, is easy to obtain, low in price and free of toxic pollution, adopts physical measures, is low in cost, has good water and soil loss prevention effect, and is matched with plants with wide adaptability and high ecological benefit needs to be further developed. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a soil conditioner, and soil curing is performed using the soil conditioner, and then grass plants are sown, so that the uranium deposit zone raw soil can be effectively improved within 1 year. The method realizes the improvement of the physical structure, chemical characteristics and biological activity of the soil, improves the soil structure, improves the water and fertilizer holding capacity, reduces heavy metal pollution, improves the survival rate of plants, promotes the growth of plants and realizes the aim of building vegetation landscapes or land reclamation. The developed raw soil curing soil conditioner also has the characteristics of quick curing of raw soil, economy, safety and stability. The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner which comprises a water-retaining agent, plant ash and biochar. The water-retaining agent is linear anionic polyacrylamide, and the particle size of the water-retaining agent is 40-100 meshes, preferably 50-90 meshes, and more preferably 60-80 meshes. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the water-retaining agent, the plant ash and the biochar is as follows, wherein the weight part of the water-retaining agent is 0.05-0.3 part, the weight part of the plant ash is 0.3-0.9 part, and the weight part of the biochar is 0.5-1.5 part. The plant ash is obtained by burning a mixture of herbs and/or woody plants in an oxygen atmosphere. The biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing rice hulls under a non-oxygen atmosphere at 500-800 ℃, preferably 600-700 ℃. The weight portion of the biochar is 0.5-1.5 portions. The invention also aims to provide a vegetation recovery method for the uranium deposit area, which comprises the steps of firstly mixing raw soil and cooked soil in the uranium deposit area according to a weight ratio of 1:1, then utilizing the soil conditioner to improve the mixed soil, paving and filling the mixed soil in the area to be recovered for curing, and planting herbaceous plants. The method specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1, mixing raw soil and cooked soil in a uranium ore zone according to a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain raw and cooked mixed soil; step 2,