CN-122012107-A - Improved material based on cooperation of microorganisms and minerals, preparation method and application thereof

CN122012107ACN 122012107 ACN122012107 ACN 122012107ACN-122012107-A

Abstract

The invention provides an improved material based on the cooperation of microorganisms and minerals, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the application comprises a method for improving saline-alkali soil, and the method comprises the steps of carrying out water bath shake culture on thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid to obtain a thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent; removing impurities from high-sulfur coal gangue, air-drying, crushing and grinding to obtain coal gangue powder, mixing the coal gangue powder with water, inoculating a thiobacillus ferrooxidans microbial inoculum, culturing, introducing fungi to obtain the bioactive coal gangue, determining the application mass ratio and total application amount of the bioactive coal gangue and the low-sulfur coal gangue, mixing the bioactive coal gangue and the low-sulfur coal gangue to obtain an improved material, pretreating soil to obtain a saline-alkali soil sample, mixing and culturing the improved material and the saline-alkali soil sample, verifying the effectiveness, and applying the improved material to a target saline-alkali soil after verifying the effectiveness. The method of the invention utilizes the microbial technology to activate the high-sulfur coal gangue, improves the improvement efficiency of the saline-alkali soil and changes waste into valuable.

Inventors

HAN LIJUN
XU YIFU
LIU AMIN
LI JIANGSHAN
GUO YANXIA
Xu Kangru
Wang Yaodie
CHENG FANGQIN
LI SHUANG
HUANG GUANGPING

Assignees

中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所
山西大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260129

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on a microbial and mineral synergistic improvement material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) performing expansion culture on a thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid, inoculating the bacterial liquid into a culture medium, performing water bath shaking culture, and obtaining a thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent when the bacterial liquid is in the middle and later stages of stabilization; removing impurities from the high-sulfur coal gangue, sequentially performing air drying, crushing and grinding to obtain coal gangue powder; Mixing the coal gangue powder with water to form an aqueous solid phase system, inoculating the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent under an acidic condition for culturing, and introducing fungi into the aqueous solid phase system for degradation and conversion after culturing is completed to obtain the biological activated coal gangue; determining the application mass ratio and the total application amount of the biological activated coal gangue and the low-sulfur coal gangue; mixing the biological activated coal gangue with the low-sulfur coal gangue according to the application mass ratio to obtain an improved material; taking soil from the target saline-alkali soil, and preprocessing the soil to obtain a saline-alkali soil sample; Uniformly mixing and culturing the improved material and the saline-alkali soil sample according to the total application amount, and verifying the effectiveness of the improved material; And after verification, applying the improvement material to the target saline-alkali soil after ploughing to improve.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the application mass ratio and total application amount of the biologically active coal gangue and low sulfur coal gangue comprises: calculating the theoretical dosage G of the dry basis of the high-sulfur coal gangue according to the formula (1); (1); in the formula (1), K is a coefficient, CEC is cation exchange capacity of a saline-alkali soil sample, Is the initial exchangeable sodium percentage of the saline-alkali soil sample, Target exchangeable sodium percentage for saline-alkali soil samples; Determining the application amount of the biologically activated coal gangue according to the theoretical amount of the high-sulfur coal gangue dry basis; determining the application mass ratio of the biological activated coal gangue and the low-sulfur coal gangue, and determining the application amount of the low-sulfur coal gangue according to the application mass ratio; and determining the total application amount according to the application amount of the biological activated coal gangue and the application amount of the low-sulfur coal gangue.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said verifying the effectiveness of the modified material comprises: Periodically detecting the monitoring index of the saline-alkali soil sample, judging whether the monitoring index reaches a preset threshold value, and if so, verifying that the improved material has effectiveness; The detection index comprises a pH value, conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage, wherein the reaching of the preset threshold value at least comprises one of the following steps that the pH value is reduced to below 8.5, the conductivity is reduced to below 4 dS/m, the sodium adsorption ratio is reduced to below 15, and the reduction rate is more than 30% or the exchangeable sodium percentage of soil is reduced to below 15%.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the taking of soil from the target saline-alkali soil, the pre-treatment of the soil comprises: And collecting plough layer soil with depth of 0-20cm in the target saline-alkali soil by adopting a multipoint mixed sampling method, and sequentially performing air drying, sundry cleaning, grinding and sieving with a 2mm sieve.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total application amount accounts for 10% -25% of the soil mass of the saline-alkali soil, the application mass ratio is 0.5:1-2:1, and the improvement material is applied to improvement of the target saline-alkali soil after ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 15-30 cm.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture medium is a 9K culture medium, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with the concentration of 44.7g/L is added into the 9K culture medium, the rotation speed of the water bath shaking culture is 200r/min, the temperature is 26 ℃, and the number of viable bacteria of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans microbial inoculum is not less than 1.0 10 8 CFU/mL, wherein the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid is in the middle and later stages of stabilization, the color of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid is changed from light green to reddish brown finally, and yellow sediment is produced or the oxidation rate of ferrous ions in a 9K culture medium reaches 80%; the high-sulfur coal gangue comprises, by mass, more than or equal to 3% of total sulfur, 20% -30% of calcium magnesium oxide, less than or equal to 15% of aluminum oxide and 10% -20% of ferric oxide; In the method, the coal gangue powder and water are mixed to form an aqueous solid phase system, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the coal gangue powder to the water is 1:1-1:4 or the water content of the aqueous solid phase system is 35% -65%, and the step of inoculating the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent under the acidic condition for culturing further comprises the step of introducing acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria into the same system after the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent is cultured to enter a stabilization stage.
7. A method for preparing an improved material based on the cooperation of microorganisms and minerals, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) performing expansion culture on a thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid, inoculating the bacterial liquid into a culture medium, performing water bath shaking culture, and obtaining a thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent when the bacterial liquid is in the middle and later stages of stabilization; removing impurities from the high-sulfur coal gangue, sequentially performing air drying, crushing and grinding to obtain coal gangue powder; Mixing the coal gangue powder with water to form an aqueous solid phase system, inoculating the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent under an acidic condition for culturing, and introducing fungi into the aqueous solid phase system for degradation and conversion after culturing is completed to obtain the biological activated coal gangue; determining the application mass ratio of the biological activated coal gangue to the low-sulfur coal gangue; and mixing the biological activated coal gangue with the low-sulfur coal gangue according to the application mass ratio to obtain the improved material.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein: The culture medium is a 9K culture medium, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate with the concentration of 44.7g/L is added into the 9K culture medium, the rotation speed of the water bath shaking culture is 200r/min, the temperature is 26 ℃, and the number of viable bacteria of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans microbial inoculum is not less than 1.0 10 8 CFU/mL, wherein the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid is in the middle and later stages of stabilization, the color of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid is changed from light green to reddish brown finally, and yellow sediment is produced or the oxidation rate of ferrous ions in a 9K culture medium reaches 80%; the high-sulfur coal gangue comprises, by mass, more than or equal to 3% of total sulfur, 20% -30% of calcium magnesium oxide, less than or equal to 15% of aluminum oxide and 10% -20% of ferric oxide.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 8, wherein: In the method, the coal gangue powder and water are mixed to form an aqueous solid phase system, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the coal gangue powder to the water is 1:1-1:4 or the water content of the aqueous solid phase system is 35% -65%, and the step of inoculating the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent under the acidic condition for culturing further comprises the step of introducing acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria into the same system after the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent is cultured to enter a stabilization stage.
10. An improved material based on the synergy of microorganisms and minerals, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, said improved material having the following uses: is used for improving the saline-alkali soil.

Description

Improved material based on cooperation of microorganisms and minerals, preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental treatment and soil improvement, and particularly relates to an improved material based on cooperation of microorganisms and minerals, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Saline-alkali soil is an important obstacle factor limiting global agricultural production and ecological environment. The central problems of soil salinization and sodium alkalization are excessive soluble salts and exchangeable sodium ions, resulting in deterioration of the physical structure of the soil (e.g. hardening, poor water permeability), poor chemical properties (high pH) and biological function decline. Traditional saline-alkali soil improvement methods include hydraulic engineering (e.g., salt irrigation), application of chemical modifiers (e.g., gypsum, phosphogypsum, sulfur, ferrous sulfate, etc.), and agricultural biological measures. However, the methods have certain limitations that the water consumption of hydraulic engineering is high, a perfect drainage system is needed, the cost of chemical modifier is high, secondary pollution risks can be brought by long-term mass application, the modifying speed of substances such as sulfur is low, and the substances can play a role only by relying on microbial oxidation in soil. The high-sulfur gangue is solid waste generated in the coal exploitation and washing process, has high total sulfur content, contains a certain amount of elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like, and can generate acid mine drainage after oxidation and rain leaching of sulfur in the solid waste if improperly stacked, so that serious environmental pollution is caused, and the problem of how to recycle the high-sulfur gangue to change waste into valuable is a problem to be solved urgently. In theory, sulfur in the high-sulfur coal gangue can be oxidized to generate sulfuric acid so as to neutralize soil alkalinity, and meanwhile, calcium and magnesium ions contained in the high-sulfur coal gangue can replace sodium ions on soil colloid to achieve the aim of improving saline-alkali soil, and iron elements and organic matters in the high-sulfur coal gangue can promote soil agglomeration of the saline-alkali soil and accelerate leaching of the replaced sodium ions, but under natural conditions, the process is very slow, and the effect and efficiency of direct application of the high-sulfur coal gangue are limited. Therefore, how to provide a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using a thiobacillus ferrooxidans-based improved material, which uses a microbial technology to activate high-sulfur coal gangue, improves the improvement efficiency of the saline-alkali soil, changes waste into valuable, and is a problem which needs to be solved by the technicians in the field. Disclosure of Invention The technical problems to be solved by the invention are that the traditional saline-alkali soil improvement method has certain limitations, such as large water consumption, high cost, slower improvement speed and the like. In order to solve the problems, the first aspect of the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using a modified material based on thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which comprises the steps of carrying out water bath shaking culture on a thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid in a culture medium, obtaining a thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent when the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial liquid is in the middle and later stages of stabilization, sequentially carrying out air drying, crushing and grinding on high-sulfur coal gangue after sundries are removed to obtain coal gangue powder, mixing the coal gangue powder with water to form an aqueous solid phase system, inoculating the thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial agent in an acidic condition for culture, introducing fungi into the aqueous solid phase system for degradation and conversion after the culture is completed to obtain a bioactive coal gangue, determining the application mass ratio and the total application amount of the bioactive coal gangue and the low-sulfur coal gangue, mixing the bioactive coal gangue and the low-sulfur coal gangue according to the application mass ratio, obtaining a modified material, taking soil from a target saline-alkali soil, carrying out pretreatment on the soil, obtaining a saline-alkali soil sample, carrying out uniform mixing on the modified material and the modified material according to the total application amount, carrying out uniform mixing on the modified material and carrying out soil transformation, and carrying out soil transformation after the soil transformation and the soil transformation sample transformation for verifying that the saline-alkali soil is effective. In a first aspect, the determining of the application mass ratio and total application