CN-122012126-A - Directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for oily sludge

CN122012126ACN 122012126 ACN122012126 ACN 122012126ACN-122012126-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil-containing sludge directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device, which belongs to the technical field of oil-containing sludge treatment and hydrogen energy preparation, and comprises a pyrolysis bin and a heat source chamber, wherein a pyrolysis pipeline and an exhaust pipeline are vertically arranged in parallel in the pyrolysis bin and are vertically connected through a catalytic pipeline, the pyrolysis pipeline is divided into an upper ventilation chamber and a lower pyrolysis chamber, the ventilation chamber is provided with an air inlet pipeline, a first air pump and a spiral heating pipe, an air-homogenizing ring (double air nozzle design), a double screw lifting clamping unit and a circumferential heating wire are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, a drawable catalytic box is arranged in the middle of the catalytic pipeline, and an electric distribution magnetism control sealing fixing assembly is arranged in the pyrolysis bin, so that the device realizes automatic temperature control and operation through a control panel. The invention adapts to oily sludge with different treatment capacity, is convenient and stable to operate, and has environmental protection and recycling values.

Inventors

LIU JIAXUAN
LI JINLING
HAN LEI
YANG BO
QU CHENGDUN
YU TAO
Wu Geyu

Assignees

西安石油大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260410

Claims (10)

1. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for the oily sludge comprises a pyrolysis bin and a heat source chamber and is characterized in that a pyrolysis pipeline and an exhaust pipeline are vertically arranged in parallel in the pyrolysis bin, the pyrolysis pipeline is connected with the exhaust pipeline through a catalytic pipeline, the catalytic pipeline is vertically arranged with the pyrolysis pipeline and the exhaust pipeline, a filler opening is formed in the lower end of the pyrolysis pipeline, the upper part of the pyrolysis pipeline is a ventilation chamber, the lower part of the pyrolysis pipeline is the pyrolysis chamber, a first heating unit is arranged in the ventilation chamber, a gas homogenizing unit, a lifting unit and a second heating unit are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, the gas homogenizing unit is communicated with the ventilation chamber, the lifting unit is in transmission connection with a driving unit arranged in a motor bin at the bottom of the pyrolysis bin, an extraction assembly is arranged in the middle of the catalytic pipeline, one end of the catalytic pipeline penetrates through the pyrolysis pipeline and is communicated with the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber, and the other end of the catalytic pipeline penetrates through the exhaust pipeline and is communicated with the exhaust channel in the exhaust pipeline.
2. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for the oil-containing sludge is characterized in that an air inlet pipeline is arranged on the upper surface of the pyrolysis pipeline, the upper end of the air inlet pipeline penetrates through the upper surface of the pyrolysis bin, the lower end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with the inside of the ventilation chamber, a first air pump is arranged at the communication position of the air inlet pipeline and the upper end of the pyrolysis pipeline, the first heating unit comprises a first heating pipe which is spirally arranged, and the first heating pipe is embedded in the inner wall of the ventilation chamber.
3. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for the oil-containing sludge is characterized in that the gas equalizing unit comprises a gas equalizing ring, the gas equalizing ring and the upper portion of the inner wall of a pyrolysis chamber are integrally arranged, a gas equalizing bin is arranged in the gas equalizing ring, a vertically arranged communication pipeline is arranged in an interlayer of the inner wall of the upper portion of the pyrolysis chamber, the upper end of the communication pipeline is communicated with the inside of the ventilation chamber, the lower end of the communication pipeline is communicated with the inside of the gas equalizing bin, a plurality of first gas nozzles are uniformly arranged on the inner side surface of the gas equalizing ring along the circumference, the gas injection ends of the first gas nozzles are obliquely arranged along the axis of the gas equalizing ring in the vertical direction, a plurality of second gas nozzles are uniformly arranged on the lower surface of the gas equalizing ring along the circumference, and the gas injection ends of the second gas nozzles are vertically downwards arranged, and the first gas nozzles and the second gas nozzles are all communicated with the inside of the gas equalizing bin.
4. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for the oil-containing sludge is characterized in that the lifting unit comprises a first transmission screw and a second transmission screw which are vertically and symmetrically arranged, the first transmission screw and the second transmission screw are respectively arranged in a standing groove which is vertically formed in the inner wall of the lower portion of the pyrolysis chamber, the vertical height of the first transmission screw is lower than that of an air equalizing ring, the upper end of the first transmission screw is fixed at the upper end of the inside of the standing groove through a rotating shaft, the lower end of the first transmission screw penetrates through the lower surface of the standing groove to be connected with the driving unit, the surface of the first transmission screw is in threaded connection with a sliding block, a supporting rod is vertically fixed on one side surface of the sliding block, an arc-shaped clamp penetrates through one end of the standing groove, limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the sliding block along the axis direction of the first transmission screw, limiting grooves which are matched with the limiting blocks are formed in the inner wall of the standing groove, the second transmission screw is identical to the first transmission screw in structure, and the arc-shaped clamp on the second transmission screw corresponds to the clamp on the surface of the first transmission screw.
5. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device of oil-containing sludge of claim 1, wherein the second heating unit comprises a plurality of electric heating wires which are uniformly and vertically arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber in a circumference manner.
6. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for the oil-containing sludge is characterized in that the driving unit comprises a first motor and a second motor which are arranged in the motor bin, the output end of the first motor penetrates through the lower surface of the pyrolysis pipeline to be connected with the lower end of the first transmission screw, the output end of the second motor penetrates through the lower surface of the pyrolysis pipeline to be connected with the lower end of the second transmission screw, sealing bearings are arranged at the communicating positions of the output end of the first motor, the output end of the second motor and the lower surface of the pyrolysis pipeline, and long-strip-shaped heat dissipation holes are uniformly formed in the outer surface of the motor bin.
7. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for the oil-containing sludge is characterized in that the extraction assembly comprises an extraction box, a catalytic box is arranged in the extraction box, a round catalytic bin is arranged at the center of the catalytic box, two side surfaces of the catalytic bin are in sealing connection with catalytic pipelines penetrating through two side surfaces of the extraction box through sealing rings, a connecting plate is arranged on one side surface of the catalytic box, away from the extraction box, and is arranged in a connecting port formed in the surface of the pyrolysis bin, the connecting plate corresponds to an opening of the extraction box, four corners of the connecting plate, close to one side surface of the extraction box, are fixedly connected with one ends of extraction rods, the other ends of the extraction rods are arranged in limiting holes formed in four corners of the surface of the opening of the extraction box, sealing plates are arranged on one side surface of the connecting plate, close to the extraction box, in a rectangular shape, and sealing grooves matched with the sealing plates are formed in the surface of the opening of the extraction box.
8. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for the oil-containing sludge is characterized in that the sealing plates comprise a first sealing plate and a second sealing plate, wherein the first sealing plate is symmetrically arranged up and down in parallel, the second sealing plate is symmetrically arranged left and right in parallel, fixing assemblies are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second sealing plate, each fixing assembly comprises a fixing block, the fixing blocks are arranged in a fixing groove vertically formed in the upper surface of the second sealing plate, an electromagnet is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of each fixing groove, an induction block is arranged on the lower surface of each fixing block, the lower surface of each fixing block is fixedly connected with one end of a compression spring, the other end of each compression spring is fixedly connected with the lower surface of each fixing groove, fixing holes matched with the corresponding fixing blocks are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the inside of each sealing groove, a handle is arranged on one side surface of each connecting plate, which is far away from the extracting box, and an on-off switch is arranged on the upper surface of each handle, and the electromagnet is electrically connected with the on-off switch.
9. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device of oil-containing sludge of claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the exhaust pipeline is provided with an air outlet pipeline, the upper end of the air outlet pipeline penetrates through the upper surface of the pyrolysis bin, and the lower end of the air outlet pipeline is communicated with an exhaust channel inside the exhaust pipeline.
10. The directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device of oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein a control panel is arranged on one side surface of the pyrolysis bin and is electrically connected with a temperature sensor in the ventilation chamber, a temperature sensor in the pyrolysis chamber, a driving unit and a first air pump.

Description

Directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device for oily sludge Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of oil-containing sludge treatment and hydrogen energy preparation, in particular to an oil-containing sludge directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device. Background The oily sludge is a dangerous waste generated in the petroleum exploitation and refining process, has complex components, contains a large amount of crude oil, moisture, sediment and harmful substances, and can cause serious environmental pollution if being improperly treated. The pyrolysis technology is used as one of core technologies for harmless and recycling treatment of the oil-containing sludge, and the dual purposes of crude oil recovery and hydrogen energy preparation can be realized by decomposing organic components in the oil-containing sludge at high temperature. The existing oil-containing sludge pyrolysis catalytic hydrogen production device has the technical defects that the oil-containing sludge is heated unevenly due to uneven gas distribution in the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis efficiency is low, the hydrogen yield is limited, most of catalytic components are fixed mounting structures, the replacement and maintenance are inconvenient, the sealing performance is poor, the problem of gas leakage is easy to occur, the fixation and lifting adjustment of the oil-containing sludge in a pyrolysis chamber are difficult, and the flexibility of adapting to different treatment capacities is insufficient. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an oil-containing sludge directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device, which realizes uniform gas distribution, convenient replacement of catalytic components, flexible fixation of the oil-containing sludge, improvement of pyrolysis efficiency and hydrogen yield, and reduction of energy consumption and maintenance cost. The invention provides an oil-containing sludge directional catalytic pyrolysis hydrogen production device, which comprises a pyrolysis bin and a heat source chamber, wherein a pyrolysis pipeline and an exhaust pipeline are vertically and parallelly arranged in the pyrolysis bin, the pyrolysis pipeline is connected with the exhaust pipeline through a catalytic pipeline, the catalytic pipeline is vertically arranged with the pyrolysis pipeline and the exhaust pipeline, a filler opening is formed in the lower end of the pyrolysis pipeline, the upper part of the pyrolysis pipeline is a ventilation chamber, the lower part of the pyrolysis pipeline is a pyrolysis chamber, a first heating unit is arranged in the ventilation chamber, a gas homogenizing unit, a lifting unit and a second heating unit are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, the gas homogenizing unit is communicated with the ventilation chamber, the lifting unit is in transmission connection with a driving unit arranged in a motor bin at the bottom of the pyrolysis bin, an extraction assembly is arranged in the middle of the catalytic pipeline, one end of the catalytic pipeline penetrates through the pyrolysis pipeline and is communicated with the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber, and the other end of the catalytic pipeline penetrates through the exhaust pipeline and is communicated with an exhaust channel in the exhaust pipeline. Preferably, the upper surface of the pyrolysis pipeline is provided with an air inlet pipeline, the upper end of the air inlet pipeline penetrates through the upper surface of the pyrolysis bin, the lower end of the air inlet pipeline is communicated with the inside of the ventilation chamber, a first air pump is arranged at the communication position between the air inlet pipeline and the upper end of the pyrolysis pipeline, the first heating unit comprises a first heating pipe which is spirally arranged, and the first heating pipe is embedded in the inner wall of the ventilation chamber. The gas homogenizing unit comprises a gas homogenizing ring, the gas homogenizing ring and the upper portion of the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber are integrally arranged, a gas homogenizing bin is arranged in the gas homogenizing ring, a vertically arranged communication pipeline is arranged in an interlayer of the inner wall of the upper portion of the pyrolysis chamber, the upper end of the communication pipeline is communicated with the inside of the ventilation chamber, the lower end of the communication pipeline is communicated with the inside of the gas homogenizing bin, a plurality of first gas nozzles are uniformly arranged on the inner side surface of the gas homogenizing ring along the circumference, the gas injection ends of the first gas nozzles are obliquely arranged in the vertical direction along the axis of the gas homogenizing ring, a plurality of second gas nozzles are uniformly arranged on the lower surface of the gas homogenizing ring along the circumference, and the gas injection ends of the second gas nozz