CN-122012929-A - Method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery materials based on irradiation activation, which is characterized in that the waste lithium battery materials are dispersed into an aqueous solution containing an oxidant, and the metal in the materials can be leached under a certain irradiation dose without adding a catalyst. The method for efficiently recycling the metal from the waste lithium battery has the advantages of mild process, environment friendliness, convenience in operation, high efficiency and the like, strong acid, strong alkali and volatile organic solvent are not used in the whole reaction process, the reaction period is as short as a minute level, the method has excellent engineering amplifying potential and industrialization prospect, is expected to play an important role in the fields of environmental protection and resource circulation, and provides practical technical support for constructing a low-carbon environment-friendly and resource-saving green economic system.

Inventors

• CHEN YAN
• LI TING
• ZHOU XIAOYUE
• WANG CHENGPING

Assignees

• 华南理工大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260204

Claims (10)

1. 1. The method for selectively leaching the metal of the waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: dispersing the lithium battery material to be leached into an aqueous solution containing an oxidant, and leaching the metal in the material by using radiation.
2. 2. The method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation of claim 1, wherein the metal comprises one or more of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese.
3. 3. The method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises peroxomonosulfate PMS, peroxodisulfate PDS, hydrogen peroxide.
4. 4. The method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution containing the oxidizing agent is 0.01-1 mol/L.
5. 5. The method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery materials based on irradiation activation of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidant to the lithium battery materials to be leached is 0.04-15:1.
6. 6. The method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation of claim 1, wherein the irradiation is performed at room temperature.
7. 7. The method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation of claim 1, wherein the irradiation time is 5-80 min.
8. 8. The method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation of claim 1, wherein the irradiation comprises X-ray, gamma ray, and electron beam irradiation.
9. 9. The method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery materials based on irradiation activation according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation is performed in an irradiation device with an irradiation dose of 0-400 kGy.
10. 10. The method for selectively leaching the metal of the waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation according to claim 1, wherein the leaching rate of the metal is more than 95%.

Description

Method for selectively leaching metal of waste lithium battery material based on irradiation activation Technical Field The invention relates to the fields of irradiation technology, advanced oxidation technology and metal recovery, in particular to a method for selectively leaching waste lithium battery material metal based on irradiation activation. Background The retired battery contains high-value metals with strategic values such as nickel, cobalt, manganese and the like, if the high-efficiency recovery cannot be realized, the loss of scarce resources can be caused, and the components such as organic electrolyte, fluorine-containing electrolyte and the like contained in the retired battery can also cause environmental risks. Therefore, the recovery of retired batteries and the resource utilization of strategic metals are promoted, and the method has become a key link for realizing circular economy and guaranteeing resource safety. At present, the main stream process follows a three-stage recycling process of pretreatment, metal extraction and material regeneration, and aims to realize closed-loop recovery of key mineral resources. In the core metal extraction link, three technical routes of physical method, hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy are differentiated and formed in the industry. Hydrometallurgy is used as a main stream recovery technology, and plays a core role in realizing the recycling of key mineral resources due to the advantages of high recovery rate and high purity of valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese and the like. However, the conventional wet process still faces significant challenges in that the leaching process generally relies on high temperature and high acid concentration, resulting in high reaction energy consumption, large reagent consumption, slow leaching kinetics, and significant subsequent wastewater treatment load and environmental risk. Therefore, development of a novel leaching technology with high efficiency, cleanliness and low energy consumption is important to improving the overall benefit of recycling of lithium batteries. Advanced oxidation technology has been widely used in the field of refractory organic matter treatment because of its ability to generate strongly oxidative free radicals in situ, but its systematic research in the field of metal leaching is not yet sufficient. The technology can effectively destroy the structure of the battery anode material and accelerate the dissolution of metal through the strong oxidation of free radicals in theory, thereby being hopeful to replace or reduce the dosage of the traditional acid and the reducing agent. However, the single use of an oxidizing agent tends to have limited activation efficiency and severe reaction conditions, and it is difficult to achieve efficient leaching of metals under mild conditions. Irradiation techniques (such as X-ray, gamma ray, electron beam irradiation, etc.) have been demonstrated to be effective in promoting oxidant activation, increasing radical yields, and enhancing mass transfer and reaction kinetics. The irradiation technology is combined with the advanced oxidation process, and is applied to the recovery of an inorganic solution system of valuable metals of the lithium battery, and a large number of active species are expected to be generated by activating the oxidant through irradiation in a near neutral or weak acid environment, so that the anode material of the battery is efficiently deconstructed and target metal ions are released. The method is not only helpful for reducing the dependence of the traditional recovery process on strong acid and chemical reagents, but also reduces the risk of secondary pollution. However, the research on the composite system is not enough at present, and still needs to be further and deeply explored. It is worth noting that the system can obviously shorten the reaction period from the traditional hour level to the minute level through polar dynamics regulation and control, so that the utilization efficiency of equipment and the overall treatment flux are greatly improved. At present, china has accumulated abundant engineering experience and industrial foundation in the aspect of irradiation technology application, and particularly has built a plurality of electron beam irradiation demonstration projects in the field of sewage and waste treatment, thereby forming a relatively perfect technical system and industrial foundation. The method provides a firm technical support and a feasible industrialization path for developing the irradiation reinforced lithium battery recovery technology, is favorable for promoting the technology to rapidly and stably realize large-scale application, reduces the technical risk and economic cost in the popularization process, and makes prospective technical reserves for coping with the future increasing battery retirement surge. Currently, lithium ion battery recovery mainly includes three steps, pret