CN-122012930-A - Method for cooperatively disposing multi-metal solid waste and top-blown furnace device

CN122012930ACN 122012930 ACN122012930 ACN 122012930ACN-122012930-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal solid waste treatment, and provides a method for cooperatively disposing multi-metal solid waste and a top-blown furnace device. The method for cooperatively disposing the multi-metal solid waste comprises the steps of pretreatment and batching, then carrying out gradient oxygen-enriched smelting on solid waste materials, reducing and separating in a front bed slag chamber, clarifying and separating slag and copper matte, returning separated copper-enriched matte to a molten pool reaction zone for enrichment, finally discharging products, carrying out gradient oxygen-enriched smelting, reducing and separating in a furnace, and continuously carrying out the same top-blowing furnace with the products discharged, so as to realize continuous smelting of the multi-metal solid waste by a 'one-stage method' of feeding, smelting, reducing, deslagging and copper discharging, ensure that the multi-metal solid waste can be disposed, and has the advantages of small occupied area of required equipment, low energy consumption, short treatment period, high overall heat utilization rate, reduced labor intensity of operators, improved production efficiency and reduced cost.

Inventors

WANG FENGYANG
LIU PENG
TAO GUANGHONG
HUANG SHENGQIANG
ZHANG DAIFEI
HE FENG
YANG WEIYAN
PENG TIANZHAO
JIANG XIAOJIAN

Assignees

乳源瑶族自治县鑫源环保金属科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260211

Claims (10)

1. The method for cooperatively disposing the multi-metal solid waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, preprocessing and batching, namely preprocessing copper-containing and nickel-containing waste materials to be processed and multi-metal solid waste materials, analyzing components, carrying out cooperative mixing according to analysis results, and determining auxiliary material batching amount; S2, step oxygen-enriched smelting, namely continuously adding the mixed material with the finished ingredients into a molten pool reaction zone of a top-blown furnace, and supplying oxygen-enriched gas to the molten pool reaction zone through a submerged lance to perform smelting and slagging to form a mixed melt; s3, reducing and separating in the furnace, flowing the mixed melt into a front bed slag chamber communicated with the molten pool reaction zone, reducing in the front bed slag chamber to realize clarification and separation of slag and copper matte, and refluxing the separated copper-rich matte to the molten pool reaction zone for enrichment; S4, discharging products, namely periodically discharging the slag after reduction in the front bed slag chamber and performing water quenching to obtain solid waste slag, and periodically discharging copper matte in a molten pool reaction zone to perform casting to obtain products containing copper, nickel and rare noble metals; wherein, the steps S2 to S4 are continuously performed in the same top-blowing furnace.
2. The method for collaborative disposal of multi-metal solid waste according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, The size specification in the solid waste is smaller than 5cm 5cm 5Cm of the raw materials are directly put into a top-blown furnace as raw materials, and crushing treatment is carried out before the specification is exceeded; Solid waste containing copper and nickel and containing more than 65% of water is added after roller pulping and filter pressing are carried out on the sludge; During component analysis, the materials are mixed according to the solid waste assay components, and the mixed materials and auxiliary materials pass through a proportioning bin to control slag as a guide.
3. The method for collaborative disposal of multi-metal solid waste according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, Before adding the mixed material, the temperature of the top-blown furnace is raised, and then the mixed material is continuously added into a molten pool reaction zone of the top-blown furnace through a precise metering belt with a DSC control system.
4. The method for collaborative disposal of multi-metal solid waste according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, And immersing the immersed spray gun below the liquid level of the molten pool reaction zone, and controlling the residual oxygen concentration of the flue gas to be 5% -9% so as to maintain weak reducibility in the furnace.
5. The method for collaborative disposal of multi-metal solid waste according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, In the smelting process, the oxygen concentration of primary air and secondary air of the immersed spray gun is timely adjusted through the temperature of flue gas and the residual oxygen concentration of flue gas so as to perform cascade oxygen-enriched combustion and reaction.
6. The method for collaborative disposal of multi-metal solid waste according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, And (3) refluxing the separated copper-rich matte to a molten pool reaction zone through a reverse slope formed by an overflow weir in the front bed slag chamber.
7. The method for collaborative disposal of multi-metal solid waste according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, In the reduction operation, natural gas and/or coke is used as a reducing agent, and the reducing agent is injected into the front slag chamber through a top-blowing spray gun arranged at the top of the front slag chamber.
8. The method for collaborative disposal of multi-metal solid waste according to claim 7, wherein in step S3, And detecting copper content in the slag by using a detection ruler arranged on the front bed slag chamber, wherein the copper content of the slag is less than 0.8 percent, and the slag is qualified in reduction.
9. The method for collaborative disposal of multi-metal solid waste according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, The liquid level of the front bed slag chamber is controlled to be reduced to 600 mm-700 mm when the slag is discharged, and the temperature of the front bed slag chamber is controlled to be 1150-1250 ℃ when the copper matte is discharged, so that the copper outlet temperature is ensured to be 1180-1200 ℃.
10. A top-blown furnace apparatus for co-disposing of multi-metal solid wastes, for realizing the method for co-disposing of multi-metal solid wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising: The furnace body is provided with a molten pool reaction zone and a flue gas reaction zone which are mutually communicated from bottom to top along the inside of the furnace body; The furnace top is obliquely covered on the top of the furnace body, the furnace top is provided with a transition section flue which is communicated with the flue gas reaction zone and is used for connecting a waste heat boiler, The furnace top is provided with a feed inlet and a spray gun hole which are communicated with the flue gas reaction zone; An immersed lance extending from the furnace roof through the lance aperture to the bottom of the molten bath reaction zone; The front bed slag chamber is arranged at the lower side of the furnace body and is communicated with the molten pool reaction zone through an arch hole, a slag discharging port is arranged at the side surface of the front bed slag chamber, a copper discharging port is arranged at the other lower side of the furnace body, and an overflow weir is arranged between the slag discharging port and the arch hole to form an inverse slope discharging mode; the top blowing spray gun is arranged at the top of the front bed slag chamber and is suitable for spraying combustible gas into the front bed slag chamber.

Description

Method for cooperatively disposing multi-metal solid waste and top-blown furnace device Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal solid waste treatment, in particular to a method for cooperatively disposing multi-metal solid waste and a top-blown furnace device. Background With the acceleration of the urban process, the discharge amount of domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater is increased, and the sludge yield as a by-product of sewage treatment is increased correspondingly. The sludge has complex components, extremely high water content, difficult dehydration, more organic pollutants, harmful heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms and the like which are difficult to degrade, and seriously threatens the survival, health and development of human beings. Practice proves that the sludge recycling is a necessary way for sludge treatment. The solid dangerous waste mainly comes from sludge, dust, residues and the like generated in the surface treatment industry, the printed circuit board industry, the electroplating industry, the glass manufacturing industry, the basic chemical manufacturing industry, the ironmaking and steelmaking industry, the environment treatment industry and other related industries. The treated waste catalyst is mainly from petrochemical industry, basic chemical raw material manufacturing, biochemical medicine industry and other related industries. The pollution of solid wastes such as heavy metal-containing sludge, smoke dust, residues, dead catalysts and the like mainly affects biosphere on which human beings depend through water, atmosphere or soil medium, and brings harm to human health. If the solid waste is leached by rainwater, the immersed harmful chemical substances can flow into the water system along with the rainwater, and the harmful chemical substances can change the soil property and structure. So disposal of solid waste is an important part of the environment. Solid waste treatment, which is generally referred to as solid waste treatment, generally refers to the process of converting solid waste into materials suitable for transportation, storage, utilization or disposal by using physical, chemical, biological, physicochemical and biochemical principles, and aims at harmlessness, reduction and recycling. At present, the disposal modes of industrial solid hazardous wastes at home and abroad mainly comprise a safe landfill method, wet leaching, pyrometallurgy and the like. Before the hazardous waste is buried, solidification and stabilization treatment are required according to the physical and chemical properties of different wastes, so that the hazardous waste meets the requirements of the hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard. Wet leaching, namely leaching valuable metals in the solid waste raw materials through acid leaching, wherein calcium, silicon and other elements which cannot be leached are remained in leaching residues, and the leaching residues are still dangerous waste and need to be further treated. The method comprises the steps of mainly aiming at copper-containing sludge to recover copper, pressing, mixing, roasting in a shaft kiln, making bricks and smelting in a blast furnace, wherein the main process flow is that the sludge with higher water content is pressed and filtered or dried through a press filter, part of the water-removed sludge is mixed by a mixer and then is added into the shaft kiln to be roasted, the roasted material is broken into lump materials and fine powder, the lump materials are intermittently added into the blast furnace, the fine powder is sent to the brick making process, the sludge and various powdery solid dangerous wastes are subjected to brick making through the brick making process, the brick is naturally aired for 1-2 days and then is transferred to a brick stacking field, and then the brick can reach proper strength after being aired for about 15 days, and then is added into the blast furnace to be smelted. The blast furnace is used for carrying out intermittent feeding and multistage operation (slag making by oxidation, copper making by reduction and copper discharging), and smelting slag is changed into harmless slag after water quenching. However, in the related solid waste treatment technology, the multi-metal solid waste is difficult to treat, the required equipment occupies large area, the energy consumption is high, the treatment period is long, the overall heat energy utilization rate is low, the labor intensity of operators is high, and the production efficiency is low and the cost is high. Disclosure of Invention Based on the above, the present invention aims to provide a method and a top-blown furnace device for cooperatively disposing multi-metal solid waste, which are used for solving at least one technical defect in the prior art, so that the multi-metal solid waste can be disposed, and the required equipment has small occupied area, low energy consump