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CN-122012942-A - Method for preparing regenerated aluminum melt component by using waste aluminum impurities

CN122012942ACN 122012942 ACN122012942 ACN 122012942ACN-122012942-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing regenerated aluminum melt components by using waste aluminum, which relates to the technical field of regenerated aluminum smelting, and comprises the following steps of S1, waste aluminum classification and pretreatment, collection of waste aluminum of at least three sources, S2, component detection, recording of detection data, S3, target component setting, S4, calculation of a preparation proportion, S5, smelting and component regulation, S6, refining treatment, S7, component rechecking and ingot casting, and S8, finished product detection.

Inventors

  • ZHANG SHENGEN
  • LIU YUE
  • PENG BINGFENG
  • HONG XIXI
  • ZHANG BAILIN
  • LIU HU
  • ZHOU ZHIPENG

Assignees

  • 南昌大学
  • 江西保太有色金属集团有限公司
  • 江西金到铝业有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260209

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt component by using the scrap aluminum is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, sorting and preprocessing waste aluminum, collecting at least three sources of waste aluminum, namely building waste aluminum with the aluminum content of 82% -88%, automobile waste aluminum with the aluminum content of 90% -95% and household appliance waste aluminum with the aluminum content of 88% -92%, and crushing the waste aluminum by using a crusher after removing impurities; S2, detecting components, namely respectively detecting the aluminum content and the mass fractions of iron, silicon, copper, magnesium and zinc impurity elements in the three waste aluminum impurities in the step S1 by using a direct-reading spectrometer, and recording detection data; S3, setting a target component, namely setting a target melt component according to the model of a regenerated aluminum product to be prepared, wherein the model of the regenerated aluminum product to be prepared is selected from one of 6061 aluminum alloy, 6063 aluminum alloy, 5052 aluminum alloy and 1060 aluminum, and the mass fraction of aluminum in the target melt component is more than or equal to 95%, wherein iron is less than or equal to 0.7%, silicon is less than or equal to 0.6%, copper is less than or equal to 0.15%, magnesium is less than or equal to 1.2% and zinc is less than or equal to 0.25%; S4, calculating a blending proportion, namely, taking the detection data in the step S2 and the target component in the step S3 as constraint conditions, taking the maximum total addition amount of the waste aluminum as an objective function, establishing a linear programming mathematical model, and calculating the mass addition proportion of each waste aluminum, wherein the building waste aluminum accounts for 30% -35%, the automobile waste aluminum accounts for 35% -40%, the household appliance waste aluminum accounts for 20% -25%, and the total proportion of the three waste aluminum is more than or equal to 85%; S5, smelting and component regulation, namely putting the waste aluminum impurity in the proportion calculated in the step 4 into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to be 720-760 ℃ and the smelting time to be 30-45 min, sampling and detecting the components of the melt after the waste aluminum impurity is completely melted to form an initial melt, and adding corresponding alloy additives for stirring and mixing if the content of certain impurity elements is lower than a target range, wherein the alloy additives are ferrosilicon alloy and magnesium ingots; S6, refining, namely adding a refining agent into the initial melt regulated and controlled in the step S5, wherein the refining agent consists of 40-50% of sodium chloride, 30-40% of potassium chloride and 10-20% of sodium fluoride, the addition amount is 0.8-1.2% of the mass of the melt, the refining temperature is 730-750 ℃, the refining time is 20-30min, and argon is introduced in the refining process; S7, component rechecking and ingot casting, detecting the components of the melt again after refining is finished to ensure that the components meet target requirements, and then casting at 700-730 ℃ with the cooling speed controlled at 12-18/min to form a regenerated aluminum ingot casting; And S8, detecting a finished product, namely detecting chemical components and mechanical properties of the regenerated aluminum cast ingot, ensuring that the chemical components and mechanical properties meet corresponding product standards, and returning to the step S5 to regulate and control the components again if the chemical components and mechanical properties are not qualified.
  2. 2. The method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt component by using the waste aluminum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste aluminum in the step S1 is crushed and then is dried by hot air at a drying temperature of 120-150 ℃ for 2-3 hours to remove the moisture on the surface of the waste aluminum.
  3. 3. The method of preparing a regenerated aluminum melt composition from scrap aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the constraint condition of the linear planning mathematical model in step S4 further comprises a sum of the addition ratio of each scrap aluminum of 100%, wherein the addition ratio of building scrap aluminum and household scrap aluminum is not lower than 65%, and wherein the addition ratio of automobile scrap aluminum is not lower than 35%.
  4. 4. The method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt composition by using the scrap aluminum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power of the medium frequency induction furnace in the step S5 is 60kW-120kW, inert gas nitrogen is adopted in the smelting process, and the nitrogen purity is more than or equal to 99.9% for protection, so that the melt is prevented from oxidation.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt composition by using the scrap aluminum as set forth in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the alloy additive in the step S5 is calculated by the following formula, namely, the addition amount of the alloy additive = the difference between the mass fraction of the target element of the regenerated aluminum melt and the mass fraction of the initial melt after the scrap aluminum is smelted/(the total mass of the initial melt after the scrap aluminum is smelted/(the mass fraction of the target element in the alloy additive), and the calculation accuracy is maintained to be 0.01kg.
  6. 6. The method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt component by using the scrap aluminum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of the refining agent in the step S6 is 13mm, and the refining agent is dried at 100-120 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours before being added.
  7. 7. The method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt composition by using the scrap aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the casting in the step S7 adopts a semi-continuous casting process.
  8. 8. The method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt composition by using the waste aluminum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 is further added with the waste aluminum of the pop can, wherein the aluminum content of the waste aluminum of the pop can is 95% -98%, the adding proportion of the waste aluminum of the pop can in the step S4 is 15% -25%, the proportion of building waste aluminum, automobile waste aluminum and household waste aluminum is correspondingly adjusted, and the total proportion of the four waste aluminum is more than or equal to 85%.
  9. 9. The method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt component by using the scrap aluminum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical component detection in the step S8 is performed by using a direct-reading spectrometer, the mechanical property detection is performed by using a universal material testing machine, the detection environment temperature is 25+/-2 ℃, at least 3 parallel samples are detected by each performance index, and the average value is taken as a final result.
  10. 10. The method of preparing a secondary aluminum melt composition from scrap aluminum according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, an impurity removing agent is added if the content of an impurity element in the primary melt is higher than a target range.

Description

Method for preparing regenerated aluminum melt component by using waste aluminum impurities Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of secondary aluminum smelting, in particular to a method for preparing secondary aluminum melt components by using waste aluminum. Background Aluminum is one of the most widely used nonferrous metals worldwide, and has an irreplaceable effect in the fields of construction, transportation, household appliances, electronics and the like. With the continuous expansion of the aluminum consumer market, the global aluminum yield is continuously increased, but bauxite is a main raw material of the aluminum industry, belongs to non-renewable resources, and has the advantages of partial regional resource exhaustion caused by long-term large-scale exploitation, and serious ecological damage in the mining process. In the current production of secondary aluminum, in order to ensure that the components of a melt meet the product requirements, enterprises generally adopt a mode of 'dilution of a large amount of pure aluminum ingots and supplementation of single waste miscellaneous aluminum', so that the production cost is high, and the components of the single waste miscellaneous aluminum are high in limitation, so that the ratio requirements of various elements in the melt are difficult to meet at the same time, and component fluctuation is easy to occur. In addition, the existing melt component regulation technology lacks a scientific proportioning calculation method, relies on experiences of operators, for example, when the silicon content of the melt is detected to be insufficient, ferrosilicon is added empirically, excessive or insufficient addition is often caused, repeated adjustment is needed, the production period is prolonged, and impurities in the melt are accumulated. Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for blending the components of the recycled aluminum melt with scrap aluminum to solve the above problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a regenerated aluminum melt component by using waste aluminum, which aims to solve the problems that the mixture ratio requirement of various elements in the melt is difficult to meet simultaneously, the existing melt component regulating and controlling technology lacks a scientific mixture ratio calculation method, and the accumulation of impurities in the melt is caused by the fact that operators depend on experiences. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the method for preparing the regenerated aluminum melt component by using waste aluminum comprises the following steps: S1, sorting and preprocessing waste aluminum, collecting at least three sources of waste aluminum, namely building waste aluminum with the aluminum content of 82% -88%, automobile waste aluminum with the aluminum content of 90% -95% and household appliance waste aluminum with the aluminum content of 88% -92%, and crushing the waste aluminum by using a crusher after removing impurities; S2, detecting components, namely respectively detecting the aluminum content and the mass fractions of iron, silicon, copper, magnesium and zinc impurity elements in the three waste aluminum impurities in the step S1 by using a direct-reading spectrometer, and recording detection data; S3, setting a target component, namely setting a target melt component according to the model of a regenerated aluminum product to be prepared, wherein the model of the regenerated aluminum product to be prepared is selected from one of 6061 aluminum alloy, 6063 aluminum alloy, 5052 aluminum alloy and 1060 aluminum alloy, and the target melt component is set according to GB/T1196-2017 standard, wherein the mass fraction of aluminum is more than or equal to 95%, the mass fraction of iron is less than or equal to 0.7%, the mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 0.6%, the mass fraction of copper is less than or equal to 0.15%, the mass fraction of magnesium is less than or equal to 1.2% and the mass fraction of zinc is less than or equal to 0.25%; S4, calculating a blending proportion, namely, taking the detection data in the step S2 and the target component in the step S3 as constraint conditions, taking the maximum total addition amount of the waste aluminum as an objective function, establishing a linear programming mathematical model, and calculating the mass addition proportion of each waste aluminum, wherein the building waste aluminum accounts for 30% -35%, the automobile waste aluminum accounts for 35% -40%, the household appliance waste aluminum accounts for 20% -25%, and the total proportion of the three waste aluminum is more than or equal to 85%; s5, smelting and component regulation, namely putting the waste aluminum impurity in the proportion calculated in the step S4 into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to b