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CN-122012972-A - Method for preparing blending structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material through thermal deformation

CN122012972ACN 122012972 ACN122012972 ACN 122012972ACN-122012972-A

Abstract

A method for preparing a blending structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material by thermal deformation relates to a method for preparing a nickel-aluminum composite material. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing NiAl alloy has a single structure and weak deformation resistance, so that the strength and toughness are poor. The method comprises the steps of weighing Ni, al, V, mo, zr and B powder, performing ball milling in stages, introducing oxygen in the final stage, applying pressure, heating, and performing thermal deformation to obtain the NiAl-based composite material with the reinforced blending structure. The invention forms a reconciliation structure with recrystallized fine crystal tissues continuously distributed along the grain boundaries by utilizing the principle of crystal boundary bow nucleation, and can improve the structure morphology and structure without adding other materials, thereby greatly improving the material performance. The invention can obtain the NiAl-based composite material with the reinforced blending structure.

Inventors

  • LU ZHEN
  • ZHAO WENHUI

Assignees

  • 哈尔滨工业大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260306

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A method for preparing a tempered structure-reinforced NiAl-based composite material by thermal deformation, characterized in that the method is specifically carried out according to the following steps: 1. Weighing Ni, al, V, mo, zr and B powder, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed metal powder, putting the mixed metal powder into a ball milling tank, and adding grinding balls; The mass ratio of Ni, al, V, mo, zr to B powder in the first step is (5.753 to 6.166): (2.699 to 2.888): (0 to 0.6): (0 to 0.4): 0.296:0.1; 2. Under the protection of argon atmosphere, ball milling is carried out in stages, and quantitative oxygen is introduced in the last ball milling stage and two kinds of powder with different particle diameters are screened out; 3. Mixing two kinds of powder with different particle sizes, applying pre-pressure, maintaining pressure, decompressing and vacuumizing; 4. Heating to 1350-1450 ℃, preserving heat, continuously applying pressure, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain an original blank of the NiAl-based composite material; 5. Heating an original blank of the NiAl-based composite material to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving heat, performing thermal deformation at a certain rate, and finally performing water cooling on the blank after thermal deformation to obtain the NiAl-based composite material with reinforced blending structure; and step five, the thermal deformation amount is 10% -40%.
  2. 2. The method for preparing the reinforced NiAl-based composite material with the blended structure by thermal deformation, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that Ni, al, V, mo, zr and B powder are weighed in a vacuum glove box in the step one, and the total mass ratio of the grinding balls to Ni, al, V, mo, zr and B powder in the step one is (10-12): 1.
  3. 3. The method for preparing a tempered structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the Ni powder in the first step has a particle size of 5 μm to 20 μm and a purity of more than 99.5%, and the Al powder in the first step has a particle size of 5 μm to 50 μm and a purity of more than 99.9%.
  4. 4. The method for preparing a tempered structure-reinforced NiAl-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the V powder in the first step has a particle size of 5 μm to 50 μm and a purity of more than 99.9%, the Mo powder in the first step has a particle size of 10 μm to 50 μm and a purity of more than 99.9%, the Zr powder in the first step has a particle size of 5 μm to 50 μm and a purity of more than 99.9%, and the B powder in the first step has a particle size of 10 μm to 50 μm and a purity of more than 99.9%.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the reinforced NiAl-based composite material with the blending structure by thermal deformation according to claim 1, wherein the grinding balls in the first step are one or two of 8mm and 6mm in diameter, and the ball milling tank in the first step is made of stainless steel and has a volume of 250-500 mL.
  6. 6. The method for preparing the blending structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material by thermal deformation is characterized by comprising the specific steps of carrying out staged ball milling under the protection of argon atmosphere in the second step, introducing quantitative oxygen in the last ball milling stage and screening out two kinds of powder with different particle sizes, wherein a ball milling tank is vacuumized, then high-purity argon is introduced, the operation is repeated for 3-5 times, the ball milling tank is sealed again, the sealed ball milling tank is placed on a ball mill, ball milling is carried out for 2-3 h at 300 r/min-350 r/min, then ball milling is carried out for 1.5-3 h at 550 r/min-650 r/min, finally, quantitative oxygen is introduced into the ball milling tank after the ball milling tank is vacuumized again, the mass ratio of the volume of the oxygen to the mixed metal powder is (100-110 mL), the mixed metal powder with the particle size of 100 mu m is screened out at 450 r/min-500 r/min for 5-6 h, the rest mixed metal powder is continuously ball milling for 1-3 h, the mixed metal powder with the particle size of 10 mu m is obtained after the ball milling is cooled for 5-5 min, and the mixed metal powder is subjected to ball milling process is carried out for 5-30 min.
  7. 7. The method for preparing the blended structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material by thermal deformation according to claim 1, wherein the two kinds of powder with different particle sizes in the step three are metal powder with the particle size of 100 μm and metal powder with the particle size of 30 μm, the mass ratio of the metal powder with the particle size of 100 μm to the metal powder with the particle size of 30 μm is (40-60): (60-40), and the mixing in the step three is ball milling for 2-3 hours at the speed of 300-350 r/min.
  8. 8. The method for preparing the blending structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material by thermal deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the third step, two kinds of powder with different particle sizes are mixed and then transferred into a high-strength graphite mold, the high-strength graphite mold is placed into a vacuum hot-press sintering furnace, 5 MPa-10 MPa precompression is applied through a pressing head, the pressure is maintained for 30-60 min, the pressure is released after the powder is compacted, and vacuum pumping is performed, wherein the flexural strength of the high-strength graphite mold is larger than 60MPa.
  9. 9. The method for preparing the reinforced NiAl-based composite material with the blending structure by thermal deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the fourth step, after the vacuum degree reaches 1X 10 -4 MPa, a die is heated at a temperature rising rate of 15-30 ℃ per minute, after the temperature is raised to 1350-1450 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 30-60 min, the pressure of 40-50 MPa is continuously applied in the pressure keeping process, after the heat preservation is finished, the heating is stopped, the furnace cooling is carried out, the pressure is released when the temperature is reduced to 800 ℃, the diffusion pump is closed to be lower than 400 ℃, the temperature is naturally cooled to be lower than 80 ℃, and the high-strength graphite die is taken out, so that the original blank of the NiAl-based composite material is obtained.
  10. 10. The method for preparing the reinforced NiAl-based composite material with the blended structure by thermal deformation according to claim 1, wherein the heating rate in the fifth step is 10-15 ℃ per second, the heat preservation time in the fifth step is 1 min-3 min, the thermal deformation rate in the fifth step is 1X 10 -2 s -1 ~1×10 -3 s -1 , and the water cooling temperature in the fifth step is 20-25 ℃.

Description

Method for preparing blending structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material through thermal deformation Technical Field The invention relates to a method for preparing nickel-aluminum composite material. Background Along with the continuous development of advanced industries such as aerospace and the like in China, the requirements on high-temperature structural materials are also more and more severe. At present, nickel-based superalloy is most widely applied in the aerospace field, but has larger density, is difficult to meet the requirement of light structure, and has a working temperature range of 650-1000 ℃ and cannot meet the requirement of ultra-high temperature. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find and develop materials having a high melting point, a low specific gravity, and excellent mechanical properties. Compared with the traditional metals, the covalent bond in the intermetallic compound enhances the bonding force among atoms and has stable chemical bond, so that the intermetallic compound has the advantages of high melting point, abrasion resistance and the like, and is one of the most promising high-temperature structural materials. Compared with other intermetallic compounds, the NiAl intermetallic compound belongs to the long-range order of the B2 structure, has obvious performance advantages, such as density of 5.86g/cm 3, namely only 2/3 of that of a nickel-based superalloy, melting point of 1650 ℃, young's modulus of higher, ductile-brittle transition temperature of lower, service temperature of 1200 ℃, and excellent oxidation resistance and wear resistance, is a preferred material for replacing the nickel-based superalloy, but the problems of poor room temperature plasticity, low high temperature strength and the like seriously prevent the practical application of the NiAl intermetallic compound. Although students try various methods to improve the performance, the prepared material has a single structure and poor deformation resistance, and the strength of the material is difficult to be fundamentally improved. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing NiAl alloy has a single structure and poor toughness due to weak deformation resistance, and provides a method for preparing a blended structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material through thermal deformation. A method for preparing a blending structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material by thermal deformation is specifically completed by the following steps: 1. Weighing Ni, al, V, mo, zr and B powder, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed metal powder, putting the mixed metal powder into a ball milling tank, and adding grinding balls; The mass ratio of Ni, al, V, mo, zr to B powder in the first step is (5.753 to 6.166): (2.699 to 2.888): (0 to 0.6): (0 to 0.4): 0.296:0.1; 2. Under the protection of argon atmosphere, ball milling is carried out in stages, and quantitative oxygen is introduced in the last ball milling stage and two kinds of powder with different particle diameters are screened out; 3. Mixing two kinds of powder with different particle sizes, applying pre-pressure, maintaining pressure, decompressing and vacuumizing; 4. Heating to 1350-1450 ℃, preserving heat, continuously applying pressure, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain an original blank of the NiAl-based composite material; 5. Heating an original blank of the NiAl-based composite material to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving heat, performing thermal deformation at a certain rate, and finally performing water cooling on the blank after thermal deformation to obtain the NiAl-based composite material with reinforced blending structure; and step five, the thermal deformation amount is 10% -40%. The invention has the advantages that: 1. The invention discloses a method for preparing a blending structure reinforced NiAl-based composite material by thermal deformation, which utilizes a grain boundary bow-shaped nucleus recrystallization principle to form a blending structure with recrystallized fine crystal tissues continuously distributed along grain boundaries, and can improve the structure morphology and structure without adding other materials, thereby greatly improving the material performance. The problems that the existing research is difficult to consider the low density, room temperature plasticity and high temperature strength of NiAl so as to seriously obstruct the application process of the NiAl are effectively solved, and the NiAl (B) -V (Mo) - (Al 2O3+ZrO2) composite material which has good forming and mechanical properties and a blended structure can be obtained, so that the NiAl is greatly improved compared with pure NiAl; 2. The room temperature ultimate compressive strength of the pure NiAl intermetallic compound prepared by the invention is 1208MPa, the compression limit deformation is 25.5%, the compression yield strength is 95MPa at 1000 ℃, while the room temperature compression ultimate compressiv