CN-122013114-A - Evaporation boat for preparing current collector and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an evaporation boat for preparing a current collector, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the evaporation boat comprises modified metal boride, modified metal boride particles comprise metal boride particles and a coating layer coated outside the metal boride particles, the metal boride comprises metal boride of IVB and VB group metals, the coating layer comprises at least one of a ceramic coating layer and a carbon coating layer, the ceramic coating layer comprises at least one of SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、Y 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 、SiC、Si 3 N 4 、Ti 3 SiC 2 , and the carbon coating layer comprises amorphous carbon. The problems of uneven surfaces and the like of the current collector, particularly the aluminum or composite aluminum current collector, prepared by the evaporation boat are effectively improved, so that the problem that the grinding surface is easy to break when the roller presses a scraper due to the uneven surfaces and the like is further improved, the processing performance of the subsequent composite current collector and the subsequent application performance in a battery are improved, and the battery performance is further optimized.

Inventors

• ZHANG TONG
• LI XUEFA

Assignees

• 江阴纳力新材料科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260130

Claims (10)

1. 1. The evaporation boat for preparing the current collector is characterized by comprising modified metal boride, wherein modified metal boride particles comprise metal boride particles and a coating layer coated outside the metal boride particles; The metal boride comprises metal boride of IVB and VB group metals; The coating layer comprises at least one of a ceramic coating layer and a carbon coating layer; the ceramic cladding layer comprises at least one of SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、Y 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 、SiC、Si 3 N 4 、Ti 3 SiC 2 ; The carbon coating layer includes amorphous carbon.
2. 2. The evaporation boat for manufacturing a current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon coating layer contains a doping element including at least one of nitrogen, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus, and boron.
3. 3. The evaporation boat for manufacturing a current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal boride particles include titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) particles.
4. 4. The evaporation boat for preparing a current collector according to claim 1, wherein the modified metal boride particles have an average particle diameter of 40 to 60 μm; and/or, in the modified metal boride particles, the thickness of the coating layer is 5-60 nm.
5. 5. The evaporation boat for preparing a current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporation boat further comprises nitride or carbide, boron Nitride (BN); The nitride or carbide includes at least one of aluminum nitride (AlN), silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
6. 6. A method for manufacturing an evaporation boat for manufacturing a current collector according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following specific operations: Mixing the modified metal boride, the nitride or carbide and the boron nitride according to a proportion, mechanically grinding, filling the obtained mixed powder into a mould, sintering for 3.5-6 hours at 1800-2400 ℃ in a first inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the evaporation boat.
7. 7. The method for manufacturing an evaporation boat for manufacturing a current collector according to claim 6, wherein: The mass ratio of the modified metal boride to the nitride or carbide to the boron nitride is 1-5:2-8:3-9.
8. 8. The evaporation boat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, for use in manufacturing a current collector.
9. 9. A current collector comprising an aluminum-containing metal layer prepared by using the evaporation boat according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the evaporation boat prepared by the method for preparing an evaporation boat according to any one of claims 6 to 7.
10. 10. A battery, characterized in that: the battery comprising the current collector of claim 9.

Description

Evaporation boat for preparing current collector and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of evaporation boats and current collectors, and particularly relates to an evaporation boat for preparing a current collector, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background In the manufacture of components such as lithium ion batteries and capacitors, a layer of aluminum layer with a micrometer thickness is usually deposited on the surface of a polymer film (such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PI (polyimide) film) in a vacuum manner to form a metallized film, and the metallized film is used as a current collector of a product. The resistance heating type vacuum evaporation plating is a core process for preparing the aluminum current collector, and the evaporation boat is a key consumable in the process, and the performance of the evaporation boat directly determines the coating quality, the production rate and the cost. The evaporation boat needs to bear the high temperature of more than 1300 ℃ when in operation and contains molten aluminum, so that the aluminum of a metal layer is splashed due to the uneven heating and the like in the evaporation process, and particles in the evaporation boat are driven to splash to the surface of a film, and the surface of a composite aluminum current collector is uneven due to the particles. The composite aluminum current collector has the problem of surface roughness, which causes surface grinding fracture when a roller presses a scraper, and is difficult to meet the continuous production requirement. And the defects of the surface roughness not only affect the appearance uniformity of the composite aluminum current collector, but also cause uneven local resistance, and the surface roughness can become hot spots or breakdown points in the subsequent electrochemical circulation or high-voltage application, thereby seriously reducing the reliability and safety of the final component. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the evaporation boat for preparing the current collector, the preparation method and the application thereof, and the current collector prepared by using the evaporation boat, particularly the aluminum or composite aluminum current collector, has the advantages that the surface roughness and other problems are effectively improved, so that the problem that the grinding surface is easy to break when the roller presses a scraper due to the surface roughness and other problems is further improved, the processing performance of the subsequent composite current collector and the subsequent application performance in a battery are improved, and the battery performance is further optimized. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an evaporation boat for preparing a current collector, the evaporation boat comprising a modified metal boride, the modified metal boride particles comprising metal boride particles and a coating layer coating the metal boride particles, the metal boride comprising a metal boride of a group IVB, VB metal, the coating layer comprising at least one of a ceramic coating layer and a carbon coating layer, the ceramic coating layer comprising at least one of SiO2、Al2O3、Y2O3、ZrO2、SiC、Si3N4、Ti3SiC2, the carbon coating layer comprising amorphous carbon. In the long-term research and development process, the applicant finds that in the preparation process of a current collector such as a composite aluminum current collector, a certain number and a certain size of particles exist on the surface of the formed current collector, and the particles can cause the surface of the current collector to be uneven, so that the surface of the current collector is easy to break when a scraper is rolled in the follow-up process. By analyzing the surface particles of the composite aluminum current collector, the particles are mostly metal boride particles such as TiB 2. Although the surface of the evaporation boat is cleaned before each evaporation, a large amount of metal boride such as TiB 2 and the like is generated in the use process, and along with the side length of the use time, metal boride particles such as TiB 2 and the like grow up, so that film surface sputtering holes are increased, large concave-convex points are generated, and meanwhile, film breakage is caused by convex point particles in the subsequent coating process. Therefore, in order to further solve the problems encountered in the preparation of aluminum or composite aluminum current collector, the evaporation boat for preparing the current collector provided by the invention has the advantages that the modified metal boride with a unique coating layer structure is introduced, the coating layer forms a physical and chemical barrier, abnormal growth of metal boride particle grains at high temperature for a l