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CN-122013161-A - Device and method for preparing ITO film by aerosol

CN122013161ACN 122013161 ACN122013161 ACN 122013161ACN-122013161-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for preparing an ITO film by aerosol, belonging to the field of preparation of optical films, wherein the device comprises a vacuum heating furnace, a sol bottle and a photovoltaic glass plate to be coated, wherein the sol bottle and the photovoltaic glass plate are arranged in the vacuum heating furnace; the vacuum heating furnace is used for vacuumizing ITO sol in the sol bottle, and simultaneously, the colloidal particles gasified by the sol are deposited on a photovoltaic glass plate to be coated under the action of gravity and then heated. The method comprises the steps of pouring aged ITO sol into a sol bottle, vacuumizing and heating the sol bottle to enable the ITO sol in the sol bottle to be gasified into ITO aerosol, enabling colloidal particles after sol gasification to be smaller than 50nm, enabling the colloidal particles after sol gasification to freely settle under the action of gravity until an ITO film layer settled on the photovoltaic glass reaches more than 200 nanometers, starting a vacuum heating furnace to heat, and then cooling the glass along with the furnace to obtain the photovoltaic glass of the ITO film. The invention can prepare the ITO film with nanometer level, uniform thickness, large film density, low porosity and high oxygen deficiency.

Inventors

  • FAN ZHIDONG
  • CUI GUANGMING
  • ZHANG GUANGXI
  • LI JI
  • LV YUEFEI
  • HE YUEFENG
  • QIAO YUPENG
  • SHU JIN
  • YAN AIJUN
  • WANG YUXIAO

Assignees

  • 西安热工研究院有限公司
  • 华能乌拉特中旗新能源发电有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260323

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The device for preparing the ITO film by aerosol is characterized by comprising a vacuum heating furnace (1), a sol bottle and a photovoltaic glass plate (2) to be coated, wherein the sol bottle and the photovoltaic glass plate are arranged in the vacuum heating furnace (1); The vacuum heating furnace (1) is used for vacuumizing ITO sol in the sol bottle, and simultaneously, colloidal particles gasified by the sol are deposited on a photovoltaic glass plate (2) to be coated under the action of gravity and then heated.
  2. 2. The device for preparing an ITO film by aerosol according to claim 1, further comprising a substrate support (3), wherein the photovoltaic glass plate (2) to be coated is arranged on the substrate support (3).
  3. 3. An apparatus for preparing an ITO film from an aerosol according to claim 1, characterized in that a triangular sol bottle (4) is used as the sol bottle.
  4. 4. A device for preparing an ITO film from an aerosol according to claim 3, characterized in that a pressure bottle plug (5) is provided at the mouth of the triangular sol bottle (4).
  5. 5. The device for preparing the ITO film through aerosol according to claim 4, wherein the pressure bottle stopper (5) is made of rubber materials.
  6. 6. The device for preparing the ITO film through aerosol according to claim 5, wherein the lower part of the pressure bottle plug (5) is of an inverted cone structure with 6 slits of 2 mm.
  7. 7. A method for preparing an ITO film from aerosol, characterized in that the method is based on an apparatus for preparing an ITO film from aerosol according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: Pouring the aged ITO sol into a sol bottle, covering a bottle cap, putting the sol bottle and a photovoltaic glass plate to be coated into a vacuum heating furnace, covering the vacuum heating furnace, and vacuumizing until the vacuum in the furnace is less than 0.1Kpa, wherein the ITO sol in the sol bottle is gasified to become ITO aerosol, and colloidal particles after the sol gasification are less than 50nm; Step 2, the colloidal particles gasified by the sol are free to subside under the action of gravity until the settled ITO film layer on the photovoltaic glass reaches more than 200 nanometers; And step 3, starting a vacuum heating furnace for heating, and then cooling along with the furnace to prepare the photovoltaic glass of the ITO film.
  8. 8. The method for preparing the ITO film by using the aerosol according to claim 7, wherein colloidal particles obtained after the aerosol is gasified are free to settle for 3-4 hours, and the settled ITO film layer on the photovoltaic glass reaches more than 200 nanometers.
  9. 9. The method for preparing an ITO film according to claim 7, wherein the heating is performed by starting a vacuum heating furnace, and the temperature is kept at a temperature rising speed of 5-15 ℃ per minute for 1 hour at a temperature rising speed of 250-400 ℃.
  10. 10. The method for preparing an ITO film according to claim 7, wherein the aged ITO sol is obtained by the following method: respectively weighing indium salt and tin salt according to the mol ratio of In to Sn=9 to 1, and counting hydrate crystal water into molecular weight when calculating; Adding indium salt into 30 mL acetylacetone, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min, and refluxing at 85 ℃ for 3h to obtain yellowish transparent solution; Adding tin salt into 20 mL of 2-propanol, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 3 hours to obtain a colorless transparent solution solvent, wherein acetylacetone is 2-propanol=3:2; Dropwise adding a tin solution into an indium solution at room temperature; stirring at room temperature for 30 min to obtain a pale yellow-colorless transparent sol; the aging process is to put the colorless transparent sol into a container, package the bottle mouth with plastic film, and open 2-3 small holes to volatilize the solvent, so as to obtain the aged ITO sol.

Description

Device and method for preparing ITO film by aerosol Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of preparation of optical films, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing an ITO film by aerosol. Background Energy crisis and global warming are significant challenges facing the world today. Solar photovoltaic power generation is one of the important ways to solve the above problems as a clean renewable energy source. Among them, crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell technology is the most mature and most widely used. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of silicon-based photovoltaic cells is limited by two key factors, namely, on one hand, significant optical loss is caused by reflection of incident visible light (400-1100 nm) on the cell surface, and on the other hand, rapid increase of the temperature of the component is caused by absorption of unavailable near infrared light (1100-2500 nm) by the cell, so that the problems of reduction of the power generation efficiency and shortened service life of the component are caused. In order to improve the capturing capability of a photovoltaic cell to visible light, the technical scheme of plating an antireflection film on the surface of photovoltaic glass is generally adopted in the field, as in the Chinese patent with publication number CN113943110A, the invention of the application provides a preparation method of a coating liquid, namely acid catalysis SiO 2 sol is firstly prepared, then a pore-forming agent is added according to a proportion and is uniformly mixed with acid sol to obtain the coating liquid, and then the coating liquid is coated on the photovoltaic glass and sintered at a high temperature to firmly bond the coating liquid with a glass substrate, so that the coating layer with high surface hardness, good scratch resistance and strong weather resistance and having a multi-level pore structure is obtained. The prepared photovoltaic glass with the hierarchical porous film coating has higher light transmittance compared with the original photovoltaic glass. The traditional film layer has high transmission characteristics in the whole solar spectrum band (especially near infrared band), so that a large amount of near infrared light energy penetrates through glass and is absorbed by a battery assembly to be converted into heat energy, and the heat energy increases the whole temperature of a photovoltaic cell and influences the power generation efficiency. This makes lowering the temperature of the photovoltaic cell a new problem. Radiation cooling is a cooling means with zero energy consumption, and therefore, attention has been paid in recent years. The basic principle of radiation cooling is that near infrared light which is not utilized by a photovoltaic cell is directly reflected back to space, so that solar radiation interference can be realized, the heat accumulation of a photovoltaic module can be reduced from the source, and the radiation cooling has positive significance for relieving local and even global warming. If the solar panel surface of the photovoltaic cell is coated with a layer of light transmittance which can reflect near infrared light which cannot be utilized by the photovoltaic cell and can increase light waves which can be utilized by the photovoltaic cell, the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell can be greatly improved. The Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film has higher transmittance in the 400-1100 nm photovoltaic wave band and higher reflectivity in the 1100-2500 nm heat radiation wave band, and just meets the requirements of solar cells, but the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film prepared by the traditional sol-gel method has thicker thickness and uneven thickness, the film layer is easy to break, particularly oxygen deficiency in the final heat treatment process can be reduced, the transmittance of light in the 400-1100 nm wave band is reduced, the light reflectivity in the 1100-2500 nm wave band is not high, and the development of the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film prepared by the sol-gel method is limited. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing an ITO film by aerosol, which are used for preparing the ITO film with high visible light transmission and near infrared high reflection functions on the surface of photovoltaic glass by aerosol. The liquid sol is naturally evaporated into a gaseous state in a vacuum furnace, and the gaseous sol particles are deposited on the photovoltaic glass substrate by gravity to form a film. The aerosol has small particle size and uniform sedimentation, and can prepare an ITO uniform film with the thickness of about 200 nm. The sol-gel film layer is compact due to the fact that solvent molecules in the aerosol are smaller and are not easy to settle, the prepared film is low in small molecular content, the prepared sol-gel film layer is compact, the prepared ITO sol-gel film is not easy to crack and is high in oxygen