CN-122013175-A - Pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head

CN122013175ACN 122013175 ACN122013175 ACN 122013175ACN-122013175-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding and surface strengthening, and particularly relates to a pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head which comprises a main beam channel, an auxiliary beam channel, a beam splitting and shaping module, a cooling channel and a powder feeding channel, wherein the main beam channel is connected with a continuous fiber laser or a long pulse laser and is used for transmitting molten laser, the auxiliary beam channel is connected with a high-frequency pulse laser and is used for transmitting pulse laser, the beam splitting and shaping module is used for realizing beam combination or paraxial output of two paths of laser, and the cooling channel is connected with a cooling system through a pipeline and is used for coaxially or laterally feeding powder. According to the scheme, a stable molten pool is formed through the main light beam, the auxiliary light beam irradiates the molten pool in a set angle and pulse mode, transient impact and disturbance to the molten pool are realized, strong convection inside the molten pool is promoted, air hole escape is accelerated, grains are refined, powder wettability is improved, and compactness, uniformity and metallurgical bonding quality of a cladding layer are improved. The device has the characteristics of compact structure and independent and controllable light path, and is suitable for the preparation of various functional coatings and the surface strengthening of components.

Inventors

ZHOU LIUCHENG
MENG SHAOPENG
Pan Xinlei
LI BIN
YANG HONGWEI
LIU CHUAN
HE PENG

Assignees

中国人民解放军空军工程大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260227

Claims (8)

1. The pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head is characterized by comprising: A main beam path (1) which is connected to a continuous fiber laser or a long pulse laser and transmits a molten laser for melting metal powder to a molten pool; An auxiliary beam channel (2) connected with the high-frequency pulse laser and transmitting pulse laser to the molten pool; The beam splitting and shaping module (3) is used for realizing the beam combination or paraxial output of two paths of laser; a cooling channel (10) connected to the cooling system (8) by a pipe; The powder feeding channel is positioned at the tail end of the main beam channel (1), is connected with the powder conveying system (4), and is used for coaxially or laterally feeding powder, and the powder feeding direction is the same as that of the melting laser.
2. The pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head according to claim 1, wherein the beam splitting and shaping module (3) comprises a beam splitter, an optical fiber coupler, a reflecting mirror, a collimating lens and a focusing lens.
3. The pulsed laser in-situ impingement dual-beam composite cladding head of claim 1, wherein the pulsed laser in-situ impingement dual-beam composite cladding head has a lower end facing the substrate and laser is projected onto the substrate to form a primary beam melt pool area (6).
4. The pulsed laser in-situ impingement dual-beam cladding head of claim 3, wherein a shielding gas nozzle (7) is disposed obliquely above the substrate, the shielding gas nozzle (7) being connected to a source of inert gas and configured to eject inert gas to isolate oxygen, stabilize the molten pool and form a localized protective environment.
5. The pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head according to claim 4, wherein when the base material is carbon steel, the surface of the carbon steel is clad with wear-resistant Ni-based alloy powder, the power of the molten laser is 800W, the energy of the pulse laser is 150 mJ, the pulse width of the pulse laser is 100 ps, the pulse frequency is 1000 Hz, the scanning speed of the double-beam laser formed by combining the molten laser and the pulse frequency is 600 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 10 g/min, the diameter of a focusing light spot is 1.2 mm, and the feeding speed of argon gas serving as protective gas is 12L/min.
6. The pulse laser in-situ impingement type double-beam composite cladding head according to claim 1, wherein the cooling system (8) is a water cooling device or an air cooling device.
7. The pulsed laser in-situ impingement type double-beam composite cladding head of claim 1, wherein the frequency of the pulsed laser is 10 Hz-1000 Hz, and the pulse width of the pulsed laser is 290fs-900 ps.
8. The pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head according to claim 1, wherein the application scene of the pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head comprises high-hardness die surface strengthening, engineering machinery repairing and corrosion and wear resistant coating preparation; The surface strengthening of the high-hardness die is to improve the density and the wear resistance of a cladding layer after solidification of a molten pool through high-frequency pulse impact; The engineering machinery repair is to repair parts of shafts or rotary digging teeth which are worn by impact, so that the service life is prolonged; The preparation of the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant coating is realized by adjusting the parameters of double light beams to realize compact cladding of Cr, ni or WC alloy powder.

Description

Pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding and surface strengthening, and particularly relates to a pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head. Background The laser cladding technology is used as a high-energy beam surface modification method and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, metallurgical equipment, mining machinery, ship engineering, die manufacturing and the like. The technology rapidly melts alloy powder or wire materials through high-energy density laser beams and metallurgically combines the alloy powder or wire materials with a metal matrix, thereby realizing surface strengthening, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating preparation and damaged piece repair. Despite the high maturity of laser cladding technology, the existing cladding head structure still has the following obvious disadvantages: 1. The single beam energy field is uneven, and the conventional continuous laser or single pulse laser cladding head cannot simultaneously control the depth of a molten pool and the forming quality of a cladding layer, so that the problems of unstable forming, large surface ripple, overburning or insufficient penetration and the like of the cladding layer are easy to occur. 2. And pores and inclusions in a molten pool are difficult to effectively discharge, and metal steam and inclusions are difficult to fully escape due to limited fluid dynamic conditions of the molten pool, so that the defects of pores and inclusions are generated in a cladding layer, and the compactness and the service life of the coating are influenced. 3. The problems of thermal stress and crack are remarkable, namely that continuous laser energy input is stable, but a heat affected zone is wide, the temperature gradient is large, and cracks are easy to induce in high-temperature sensitive materials (such as high-hardness steel and nickel-based superalloy). 4. The in-situ regulation and control means for the microstructure of the molten pool is lacking, the traditional cladding equipment focuses more on macroscopic energy input, the direct intervention capability for transient flow, crystallization behavior and microscopic strengthening mechanism in the molten pool is lacking, and microstructure optimization such as fine grain strengthening, residual stress regulation and control and the like are difficult to realize. In order to solve the defects, technologies such as multi-beam composite cladding, ultrasonic assisted cladding, electromagnetic stirring cladding and the like appear in recent years, but the methods generally have the limitations of complex structure, difficult integration, insufficient control precision, overhigh cost and the like, and are difficult to realize industrialized popularization. Therefore, a composite cladding head which has a compact structure, flexible control, adjustable energy field and capability of improving the comprehensive performance and the preparation efficiency of a cladding layer is needed. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the scheme provides the pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head, and the continuous main beam and the high-frequency pulse auxiliary beam are integrated in the same cladding head to realize the cooperative regulation and control of an energy field, a force field and a temperature field. The cladding head not only can remarkably improve the compactness, uniformity and metallurgical bonding quality of a cladding layer, but also can effectively reduce the width of a heat affected zone, inhibit cracks and perform in-situ microscopic optimization on a molten pool structure. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a pulsed laser in situ impingement dual beam composite cladding head comprising: A main beam path which is connected to the continuous fiber laser or the long pulse laser and transmits a molten laser for melting the metal powder to the molten pool; The auxiliary beam channel is connected with the high-frequency pulse laser and transmits pulse laser to the molten pool; The beam splitting and shaping module is used for realizing the beam combination or paraxial output of two paths of laser; The cooling channel is connected with the cooling system through a pipeline; the powder feeding channel is positioned at the tail end of the main beam channel, is connected with the powder conveying system and is used for coaxially or laterally feeding powder, and the powder feeding direction is the same as that of the melting laser. The beam splitting and shaping module comprises a beam splitter, an optical fiber coupler, a reflecting mirror, a collimating lens and a focusing lens. Optionally, the lower end of the pulse laser in-situ impact type double-beam composite cladding head faces to the substrate, and laser is projected onto the substrate to for