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CN-122013343-A - Preparation method of antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn and product thereof

CN122013343ACN 122013343 ACN122013343 ACN 122013343ACN-122013343-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn and a product thereof, the preparation method comprises the steps of heating a screw, a pipeline, a metering pump and a die head to 240-280 ℃, setting the spinning speed to 3200-4000m/min, pouring into a pure matrix slice for discharging, uniformly flowing out a melt, mixing antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose and a nylon matrix slice according to the proportion of 0.3-2.5%, pouring into a charging barrel, installing a yarn collecting part after the discharging is stable, starting a cooling and air compressing device, and finishing spinning through a yarn sucking and drawing device. According to the invention, the antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose is uniformly dispersed on the surface and inside of the nylon matrix through melt blending spinning, the nanoscale structure is maintained, the antibacterial rate of 20 times of soaping on common pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli is still more than or equal to 95%, the mechanical properties meet the requirements of textile processing and use, the antibacterial and antiviral nano-cellulose fiber composite material has long-acting antibacterial and antiviral properties, the preparation process is simple and controllable, and the antibacterial and antiviral nano-cellulose fiber composite material is suitable for large-scale production.

Inventors

  • LU QILIN
  • ZHAO XINHUA
  • LUO LILI
  • LI WEN
  • ZHENG YA
  • CHEN JIARONG

Assignees

  • 福建恒捷实业有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260212

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) Preheating preparation, namely starting a heating device of a screw, a pipeline, a metering pump and a die head, adjusting the temperature of the screw to 240-280 ℃, setting the spinning speed to 3200-4000m/min, pouring pure nylon matrix slices for discharging until a melt uniformly flows out of a spinneret plate, wherein the discharging time of the pure polyamide matrix slices is 10-30min, and ensuring that a spinning channel has no impurity residues; (2) Mixing and feeding raw materials, namely mixing antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose with polyamide matrix slices according to a proportion, wherein the addition proportion of the antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose is 0.3-2.5% of the mass of the polyamide matrix slices, pouring the mixed raw materials into a charging barrel, installing a silk collecting part after blanking is stable, and starting a cooling device and an air compression device, wherein the cooling device is a side air blowing device or a circular air blowing device, and the cooling temperature is 20-30 ℃; the preparation method of the antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose comprises the following steps: a. pretreating nano cellulose to obtain a uniformly dispersed nano cellulose system; b. Adding a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin into the system of the step a, reacting at a certain temperature and pH to enable the hydroxyl on the surface of the nanocellulose to have ring-opening reaction with the epoxy group of the epichlorohydrin, and introducing active ether bond and hydroxyl to obtain modified nanocellulose; c. adding vitamin K or a derivative thereof into the modified nanocellulose system in the step b, stirring and reacting in a dark condition to enable the quinone group or the hydroxyl group of the vitamin K or the derivative thereof and the active group on the surface of the modified nanocellulose to generate covalent grafting reaction; d. after the reaction is finished, an antibacterial and antiviral nano cellulose material is obtained; (3) And (3) spinning and forming, namely starting a yarn sucking device to suck yarns, and starting a traction device to finish spinning.
  2. 2. The preparation method of the antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose as set forth in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment in the step a is ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring dispersion, and the concentration of the nanocellulose system is 0.1-1.5wt%; In the step b, the reaction temperature is 80-130 ℃, the pH value is 8-11, the mass ratio of epichlorohydrin to nanocellulose is 1-3:1, and the reaction time is 2-6 h; in the step C, the mass ratio of the vitamin K or the derivative thereof to the nanocellulose is 1-2:1, the reaction temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-12 h.
  3. 3. The method for preparing nanocellulose as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method for preparing nanocellulose comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment, namely crushing a bamboo pulp board by a crusher to obtain crushed bamboo pulp; (2) The enzymolysis reaction comprises the steps of adding citric acid/sodium citrate buffer solution with pH of 5 and diluted cellulose solution into bamboo pulp slurry, and carrying out enzymolysis reaction for 9-11h under stirring at the enzymolysis temperature of 45-55 ℃, wherein the dosage ratio of absolute dry slurry to citric acid/sodium citrate buffer solution is 4-5 g/100 mL, the dosage of cellulose is 5-10% of the weight of absolute dry slurry, and the stirring speed is 90-120r/min; (3) High temperature treatment, namely after the enzymolysis reaction is finished, placing the enzymolysis liquid into a water bath kettle with the temperature of 90-100 ℃ and heating for 20-30min; (4) Ultrasonic treatment, namely transferring the sediment subjected to high-temperature treatment into an ultrasonic reactor, wherein the ultrasonic power is 450-550W, the ultrasonic frequency is 30-50kHz, and the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 1-7h; (5) Centrifuging and washing, namely centrifuging the suspension after ultrasonic treatment at a high speed, collecting supernatant, and repeatedly centrifuging and washing the precipitate until colloidal solution appears on the upper layer; (6) And collecting a product, namely collecting colloidal solution, namely nano cellulose suspension, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain nano cellulose powder.
  4. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanocellulose is plant-derived nanocellulose.
  5. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyamide matrix chips are one or a mixture of PA6 and PA 66.
  6. 6. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the addition proportion of the antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose is 0.8% -1.2% of the mass of the polyamide matrix slice.
  7. 7. An antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the yarn is formed by melting and blending antibacterial nano material and nylon matrix, and the antibacterial nano material maintains a nano-scale structure and is uniformly dispersed on the surface and inside of polyamide fiber.
  8. 8. The antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn according to claim 7, wherein the antibacterial rate of the yarn against at least one pathogenic bacterium selected from staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli is not less than 95% after 20 soaping.

Description

Preparation method of antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn and product thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of functional textile materials, in particular to a preparation method of an antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn and a product thereof. Background With the promotion of global public health consciousness and popularization of health consumption concepts, the antibacterial and antiviral textile material has become one of the core development directions of the textile industry, and is widely applied to a plurality of fields such as medical protection, mother and infant articles, sportswear, home textiles, public transportation seat fabrics and the like. The market has higher requirements on the antibacterial long-acting property, mechanical stability, safety and non-toxicity of materials. However, the existing antibacterial yarn preparation technology still has a plurality of pain points to be solved, the traditional technology mainly adopts post-finishing technology (such as padding, coating, spraying and the like) to attach the antibacterial agent to the surface of the fiber, the mode has the problems that the antibacterial agent has weak bonding force with the fiber and is easy to fall off and run off, the antibacterial effect is short, the antibacterial rate is reduced to below 80% after washing for 5-10 times generally, the requirement cannot be met, and skin irritation or secondary environmental pollution can be caused due to the falling off of the antibacterial agent. Meanwhile, the existing melt blended yarn technology can realize the combination of an antibacterial agent and a matrix, but has the obvious limitations that firstly, the matrix material is single in selection and is concentrated on polyamide or polyester of a single model, and the performance requirements of different scenes are difficult to adapt, secondly, the types of the antibacterial agent are limited, the traditional organic antibacterial agent is poor in heat resistance and easy to decompose to generate harmful substances, and the inorganic antibacterial agent (such as early nanometer silver) has the problems of uneven dispersion and serious agglomeration, so that defects are formed in the fiber, the mechanical property is greatly reduced, the process requirements of drafting, weaving and the like in textile processing cannot be met, thirdly, the process parameter design is stiff, the key parameter intervals such as temperature, spinning speed and the like are narrow, the problems of melt fracture, uneven fiber thickness and the like are easy to occur in the production process, and the large-scale production stability is poor. In addition, with the continuous upgrading of industry standards, the prior art has difficulty in meeting the urgent demands of the market for multifunctional, high-performance antibacterial and antiviral yarns. Therefore, developing a technology for preparing the yarn with the antibacterial and antiviral functions, which is universal and controllable in process, antibacterial, long-acting and stable and excellent in mechanical property, becomes a key for solving industry pain points and promoting the upgrading of antibacterial textile materials Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem and provide a preparation method of an antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn and a product thereof, wherein antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose is uniformly dispersed on the surface and inside of a nylon matrix through melt blending spinning, a nanoscale structure is maintained, the antibacterial rate of 20 times of soaping on common pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli is still more than or equal to 95%, the mechanical property meets the textile processing and use requirements, the preparation method has long-acting antibacterial and antiviral characteristics, and the preparation process is simple and controllable and is suitable for large-scale production. The invention is realized in the following way: The preparation method of the antibacterial and antiviral functional yarn comprises the following steps: (1) Preheating preparation, namely starting a heating device of a screw, a pipeline, a metering pump and a die head, adjusting the temperature of the screw to 240-280 ℃, setting the spinning speed to 3200-4000m/min, pouring pure nylon matrix slices for discharging until a melt uniformly flows out of a spinneret plate, wherein the discharging time of the pure polyamide matrix slices is 10-30min, and ensuring that a spinning channel has no impurity residues; (2) Mixing and feeding raw materials, namely mixing antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose with polyamide matrix slices according to a proportion, wherein the addition proportion of the antibacterial and antiviral nanocellulose is 0.3-2.5% of the mass of the polyamide matrix slices, pouring the mixed raw materials into a charging barrel,