CN-122013695-A - Design method of sound barrier with sound absorption super structure and sound insulation super structure composite structure

CN122013695ACN 122013695 ACN122013695 ACN 122013695ACN-122013695-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a sound barrier with a sound absorption super-structure and a sound insulation super-structure, wherein a porous sound absorption material, a super-structure sound absorption unit and a super-structure sound insulation unit are arranged in the sound barrier, the super-structure sound insulation unit adopts a thin plate local resonance structure, and the porous sound absorption material, the super-structure sound absorption unit and the super-structure sound insulation unit are utilized to realize the cooperative coupling effect, so that the functional combination of sound absorption and sound insulation is realized. The invention breaks through the technical bottleneck that the sound absorption and sound insulation performances of the existing sound barrier cannot be achieved, constructs the composite ultrasonic sound barrier with the broadband sound absorption and high-efficiency sound insulation capabilities, can obviously improve the sound absorption performance and sound insulation performance of the sound barrier at medium and low frequencies, and realizes the optimal sound absorption and insulation performance through the combined design and synergistic coupling effect of the sound absorption super structure, the porous sound absorption material and the sound insulation super structure.

Inventors

ZHA GUOTAO
YANG TAO
GUO FULIN
Luo Letian
YAN MENG
CHEN YUHAO
DING XINGWU
LIU WEI
WANG CAI
ZHOU CHANGRONG

Assignees

株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260316

Claims (10)

1. A design method of a sound barrier with a sound absorption super-structure and a sound insulation super-structure composite structure is characterized in that a porous sound absorption material, a super-structure sound absorption unit and a super-structure sound insulation unit are arranged in the sound barrier, wherein the super-structure sound insulation unit adopts a thin plate local resonance structure, and the porous sound absorption material, the super-structure sound absorption unit and the super-structure sound insulation unit are utilized to cooperatively couple, so that sound absorption and sound insulation functions are compounded.
2. The design method of the sound barrier is characterized in that the sound barrier comprises a perforated panel facing to the noise source side and a bottom plate facing away from the noise source side, a side plate is enclosed between the perforated panel and the bottom plate, an inner cavity is formed by enclosing among the perforated panel, the bottom plate and the side plate, a plurality of partition plates are arranged between the perforated panel and the bottom plate and positioned in the inner cavity, the inner cavity is divided into a plurality of independent sound absorption and insulation unit cavities A, a plurality of local resonance units which are distributed periodically are arranged on the bottom plate, one or a plurality of local resonance units are arranged in each sound absorption and insulation unit cavity A, the local resonance units are arranged as a mass block, a porous sound absorption material and an impedance modulation channel penetrating through the porous sound absorption material are arranged in each sound absorption and insulation unit cavity A, and the local resonance units are arranged at positions positioned in the impedance modulation channel; The super-structure sound-absorbing unit is formed by utilizing impedance modulation channels in each sound-absorbing and sound-insulating unit cavity A to absorb sound in cooperation with porous sound-absorbing materials, and the super-structure sound-insulating unit with a thin plate local resonance structure is formed by utilizing a bottom plate and a plurality of local resonance units arranged on the bottom plate, so that sound is insulated by utilizing a thin plate local resonance principle.
3. The design method according to claim 1, wherein the sound barrier comprises a perforated panel facing to the noise source side and a bottom plate facing away from the noise source side, a side plate is enclosed between the perforated panel and the bottom plate, an inner cavity is formed by enclosing the perforated panel, the bottom plate and the side plate, a plurality of partition plates are further arranged between the perforated panel and the bottom plate and positioned in the inner cavity, the inner cavity is divided into a plurality of independent sound absorption and insulation unit cavities A, a plurality of local resonance units which are distributed periodically are arranged on the bottom plate, one or a plurality of local resonance units are arranged in each sound absorption and insulation unit cavity A, the local resonance units are arranged as a mass block, a porous sound absorption material and an impedance modulation channel which is arranged at the top of the porous sound absorption material are arranged in each sound absorption and insulation unit cavity A, the inner cavity and the V-shaped groove are mutually arranged at the bottom of the porous sound absorption material, and the local resonance units are arranged at the positions of the inner cavity in each sound absorption and insulation unit cavity A; The super-structure sound-absorbing unit is formed by utilizing impedance modulation channels in each sound-absorbing and sound-insulating unit cavity A to absorb sound in cooperation with porous sound-absorbing materials, and the super-structure sound-insulating unit with a thin plate local resonance structure is formed by utilizing a bottom plate and a plurality of local resonance units arranged on the bottom plate, so that sound is insulated by utilizing a thin plate local resonance principle.
4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the separator is a flexible separator.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the partition board is made of soft material, and is formed into a straight board, and the top and bottom of the straight board are respectively connected with the perforated panel and the bottom board.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the partition board is made of soft material, and is shaped into an S-shape, and the top of the S-shape partition board and the bottom of the straight board are respectively connected with the perforated panel and the bottom board.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the partition board is made of hard material, and is shaped into a straight board, the top of the straight board is connected with the perforated panel, and the bottom of the straight board is connected with the bottom board through a rubber block.
8. The design method of the noise shielding device is characterized in that the noise shielding device comprises a perforated panel facing to the noise source side and a bottom plate facing away from the noise source side, wherein a side plate is enclosed between the perforated panel and the bottom plate, an inner cavity is formed by enclosing the perforated panel, the bottom plate and the side plate, a plurality of local resonance units which are distributed periodically are arranged on the bottom plate, the local resonance units are arranged into an acoustic black hole structure, a porous sound absorbing material is further arranged in the inner cavity and positioned at the side facing to the noise source side, the closed bottom end of the acoustic black hole structure is connected with the bottom plate, and the open top end of the acoustic black hole structure is inserted into the porous sound absorbing material; the sound absorption unit is formed by utilizing the acoustic black hole structure to absorb sound in cooperation with the porous sound absorption material, and the super-structure sound insulation unit is formed by utilizing the base plate and the plurality of acoustic black hole structures arranged on the base plate to form a thin plate local resonance structure, so that sound insulation is performed by utilizing the thin plate local resonance principle.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the black hole structure comprises a cone-shaped outer cylinder and a plurality of laminates sequentially arranged in the outer cylinder along the axial direction of the outer cylinder, and holes are formed in the middle positions of the laminates; a slit type Helmholtz resonant cavity consisting of a neck cavity and an abdomen cavity is formed between the outer cylinders of two adjacent acoustic black hole structures, and the slit type Helmholtz resonant cavity is utilized to further cooperate for sound absorption.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein an outer cylindrical body is provided with an outer convex ring body at an open top end thereof, the bottom of the outer cylindrical body is rigidly connected to the base plate, and the outer cylindrical body is inserted into the porous sound absorbing material by the outer convex ring body provided at the open top end thereof.

Description

Design method of sound barrier with sound absorption super structure and sound insulation super structure composite structure Technical Field The invention relates to a design method of a sound barrier, in particular to a design method of a sound barrier with a sound absorption super structure and a sound insulation super structure, and belongs to the technical field of traffic and environmental noise control engineering. Background With the rapid development of traffic (high-speed rail, urban rail, expressway) and industrial facilities, noise pollution problems are increasingly prominent. Sound barriers are widely used in noise sensitive areas as an effective means of blocking noise propagation paths. The sound barrier in the traditional engineering application mostly adopts a combined form of porous sound absorbing material and solid sound insulating board, and the sound barrier is basically constructed by arranging a perforated plate or an open pore surface layer towards one side of a noise source, then filling porous sound absorbing materials such as rock wool, glass wool and foamed aluminum, and the like, wherein one side facing away from the noise source is a solid panel such as a steel plate, an aluminum plate or a reinforced concrete plate, and the like, acoustic energy dissipation is realized through a porous layer on the front side, and sound wave reflection and isolation are realized through the quality and rigidity of a backboard. In terms of sound absorption, the traditional porous fiber materials such as rock wool, glass wool, foamed aluminum and the like filled in the barrier cavity are mainly relied on. The sound absorption mechanism of these materials is mainly due to viscous dissipation and heat conduction effects that occur after the sound waves enter the pores. However, according to the basic acoustic theory, the thickness of the porous material needs to reach a quarter of the wavelength of the sound wave to generate a remarkable sound absorption effect, which results in extremely low sound absorption efficiency of the traditional sound barrier for medium and low frequency noise with longer wavelength (particularly below 500 Hz), and the problems of huge volume, easy moisture absorption and degradation, reduced structural strength and the like caused by increasing the thickness of the material. In terms of sound insulation, conventional sound barriers rely primarily on solid metal plates or concrete plates on the back. According to the acoustic "law of mass", the amount of sound insulation is proportional to the mass per unit area of the material. In order to obtain the ideal low-frequency sound insulation performance, the thickness and the surface density of the barrier are required to be greatly increased, so that the construction cost is increased, and the severe requirement on the bearing capacity of the supporting foundation is also put forth. In recent years, the advent of acoustic meta-materials has provided the opportunity to break through the physical limits of conventional materials. Along with the development of the super structure/metamaterial theory, researchers put forward a plurality of sound absorption super structure based on mechanisms such as local resonance, space coiling, super surface and the like, can realize strong absorption of low-frequency sound waves on an ultrathin scale far smaller than the wavelength of the sound waves, and obviously breaks through the limitation of the traditional porous material on the low-frequency thickness. The prior ultrasonic barrier or acoustic super-structure design is concentrated in the direction of sound absorption super-structure, namely, a membrane type resonance unit, a Helmholtz resonance unit, a coiled channel unit and the like are arranged to realize high sound absorption coefficient or almost complete absorption in a specific frequency band, and the problem that the sound absorption of a low frequency band is not lost is mainly solved. However, most of these structures optimize their acoustic performance from the "absorbing side", and less attention is paid to the acoustic transmission path and the overall sound insulation mechanism, and the corresponding out-of-plane stiffness and equivalent surface density often have no systematic optimization, so it is difficult to significantly improve the overall sound insulation amount of the sound barrier while ensuring high sound absorption performance. In summary, in the prior art, although the sound absorption super-structure technology and the sound insulation super-structure technology have significantly progressed, the development paths of the sound absorption super-structure technology and the sound insulation super-structure technology are independent and lack cross fusion. Sound absorption superstructures focus on "acoustic energy dissipation" but cannot effectively prevent transmission, while sound insulation superstructures focus on "blocking transmission" but at the cos