CN-122013721-A - Ecological restoration slope protection structure with automatic water and fertilizer supplying function and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological restoration slope protection structure with a water and fertilizer automatic supplying function and a method thereof. The slope is reinforced by a grid beam system fixed by anchor rods and anchor nails, rainwater is collected by a water storage tank, and automatic rainwater supply, water irrigation according to the needs and continuous dissolution and supply of solid slow-release fertilizer are realized on the basis of soil humidity and evaporation dynamics by utilizing mechanical linkage of floating balls, PVA sponge and a water blocking device; the invention does not need external power, meets the requirements of slope stability and vegetation ecological restoration, improves the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, is convenient to construct and maintain, and is suitable for various slope projects such as traffic, water conservancy, mines and the like.

Inventors

• YANG YUESHU
• TAN QIANQIAN
• TAN JINGYANG
• ZHANG LUN
• RAO YUNKANG
• DENG ZHUO
• WANG MIN
• GAO YINLING
• LUO TING
• XIA LU
• HU YUN
• HE JUN
• ZHAO ZEHONG
• XU WENNIAN
• WU JIAN
• LIU DAXIANG
• MA DEYI
• XIAO HAI
• XU YAKUN
• TIAN YANNI
• LUO ZUOSEN

Assignees

• 三峡大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260202

Claims (10)

1. 1. The ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function is characterized by comprising a frame grid beam foundation structure, an automatic water collecting and draining structure, a fertilizing module structure, a slope soil matrix and a water storage structure; the frame girder foundation structure is used for reinforcing a side slope and providing an installation carrier for other structures, is fixed on the side slope (3) through anchor rods (1) and anchor nails (4) to form a frame system comprising a main transverse frame girder (5), a main longitudinal frame girder (6), a secondary longitudinal frame girder (7) and a bottom main transverse frame girder (2), and reserves a water diversion groove (8) and an arc-shaped water diversion groove (9) for diversion; The automatic water collecting and draining structure is used for collecting rainwater, draining excessive water and supplying water as required, and is composed of a water diversion groove (8), an arc-shaped water diversion groove (9), a water draining hole (10), a water draining hole (11), a water collecting groove (13), a water seepage pipe (18), a communicating pipe (42) and a water filtering device (33) so as to realize directional transmission and regulation of water; The fertilizing module structure is used for realizing automatic dissolution and supply of solid slow-release fertilizer (44), and is composed of PVA sponge (16), a fertilizer box (43), a pressure device (20) and a drip irrigation pipe (34), and the fertilizing is completed by utilizing the combination of water absorption and drainage characteristics of the PVA sponge (16) and pressure driving; The slope soil matrix is used for providing an adaptation environment for vegetation growth, adopts layered arrangement, comprises a base matrix with different strength and nutrient characteristics and a soil surface layer beneficial to seed germination, and is internally provided with a wire netting (28); The water storage structure is used for collecting and storing rainwater, and is composed of a water storage tank (29), a filtering device (37) and a water blocking device (26) which are arranged on the top of a slope, so that the rainwater can be recycled and supplied as required.
2. 2. The ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the lattice beam foundation structure, an anchor rod (1) is vertical to the ground at the bottom of a slope, an anchor nail (4) is composed of hot rolled ribbed steel bars subjected to corrosion prevention treatment, the end parts of the anchor nail are fixedly connected with a cylindrical cup body (17) and are vertical to a slope (3) and inserted into the slope, a water diversion groove (8) is reserved in the main transverse lattice beam (5) and the main longitudinal lattice beam (6), an arc-shaped water diversion groove (9) is reserved in the middle part of the bottom of the water diversion groove (8), a drain hole (10) is formed in the main transverse lattice beam (5), a water drain hole (11) is formed in the bottom end of the main longitudinal lattice beam (6), and the water drain holes (11) are respectively formed in the bottom ends of the main longitudinal lattice beams (6) at two sides and are communicated with the arc-shaped water diversion groove (9) at the bottom ends.
3. 3. The ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the lattice beam foundation structure, a corresponding groove cover (14) is additionally arranged on the surface of a main transverse lattice beam (5), a rectangular limiting hole (15) is reserved in the middle of the groove cover (14) in the width direction, a corresponding groove cover (14) is additionally arranged on the surface of a main longitudinal lattice beam (6), the bottom of a secondary longitudinal lattice beam (7) is flush with the bottom of the main transverse lattice beam (5), the top of the secondary longitudinal lattice beam is lower than the top of the main transverse lattice beam (5), an anchoring device (31) is reserved on the upper surface of the secondary longitudinal lattice beam (7), a water collecting groove (13) is formed in the lower end of the main transverse lattice beam (5), the water collecting groove (13) is made of concrete, and is integrally connected with the lattice beam, and the bottom of the water collecting groove is lower than the bottom of a fertilizer box (43).
4. 4. The ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the automatic water collecting and draining structure, a plurality of drain holes (10) are formed in the upper side wall of a main transverse frame grid beam (5), the bottoms of the drain holes (10) are slightly higher than the bottoms of circular arc-shaped water diversion trenches (9) in the main transverse frame grid beam (5) and are communicated, a water filtering device (33) is arranged at the drain holes (10), a communicating pipe (42) with the diameter smaller than that of the drain holes (10) is arranged on the water filtering device (33), the communicating pipe (42) is perpendicular to the main transverse frame grid beam (5), a plurality of drip irrigation pipes (34) are arranged on the side wall of the water collecting tank (13), a plurality of fine holes are formed in the drip irrigation pipes (34), and the drip irrigation pipes (34) are perpendicularly connected with the two main transverse frame grid beams (5).
5. 5. The ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the automatic water collecting and draining structure, the diameter of a cylindrical cup body (17) is smaller than the width of a main transverse grid beam (5), two anchoring pieces (30) are arranged above a cup mouth, the bottom of the cylindrical cup body is tightly attached to a slope (3) and the top of the cylindrical cup body is flush with the bottom of a water diversion groove (8), the cylindrical cup body (17) is fixedly connected with the main transverse grid beam (5) and is provided with a water guide hole (19) at the position flush with an iron wire (28), the water guide hole (19) faces to the slope bottom, the water seepage pipe (18) is tightly connected with the water guide hole (19) on the cylindrical cup body (17), the length of the water seepage pipe (18) is determined according to the width of a planting area (27), the tail end of the water seepage pipe (18) is closed, a plurality of water seepage holes (32) are formed in the surface, and the outer side of the water seepage pipe wraps non-woven fabric.
6. 6. The ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the fertilizing module structure, a cement blanket (12) with the same width is placed above a groove cover (14) additionally arranged on a main transverse frame beam (5), a fertilizer box (43) is arranged above the cement blanket (12), PVA sponge (16) is arranged above the fertilizer box (43), water diversion cotton (35) with the corresponding size and position is arranged at the lower end of the PVA sponge (16), the water diversion cotton (35) penetrates through reserved holes of the fertilizer box (43) and limit holes (15) on the groove cover (14), the lower end of the water diversion cotton (35) stretches into an arc-shaped water diversion groove (9), the bottom surface, the top surface and one side surface of the fertilizer box (43) are arranged in a porous mode, the diameter of the holes is smaller than that of an internal solid slow-release fertilizer (44), a pair of cover plates capable of being opened and closed are arranged at the top of the fertilizer box (43), the outer side edges of the two cover plates are hinged with a fertilizer box (43) body through hinges, and the opening direction is outward rotation.
7. 7. The ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function according to claim 1, wherein in the fertilization module structure, a pressure device (20) comprises a floating ball (21), a hollow connecting rod (22) and a counterweight net piece (24), the floating ball (21) and the hollow connecting rod (22) are placed in a cylindrical cup body (17), a limit cylinder (23) is fixed above the cylindrical cup body (17), the top end of the hollow connecting rod (22) penetrates through the limit cylinder (23) and is connected with the counterweight net piece (24), the bottom end of the hollow connecting rod (22) is connected with the floating ball (21), the top of the hollow connecting rod (22) is opened and is connected with a through hole of the counterweight net piece (24), a circle of balls (45) are arranged in a groove in the limit cylinder (23) to reduce friction force with the surface of the hollow connecting rod (22), the upper part of the limit cylinder (23) is flush with the upper part of a groove cover (14), and the counterweight net piece (24) is connected with a water blocking device (26) in a first row through a thin rope (25).
8. 8. The ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function according to claim 1 is characterized in that an iron wire net (28) is installed in a planting area (27) of a slope soil substrate, the iron wire net (28) is made of mechanically woven loose iron wire net, an outer layer is galvanized and corrosion-resistant, the diameter is 2-4 mm, the mesh side length is 60-90 mm, the iron wire net is fixedly connected with a secondary longitudinal frame grid beam (7), a water storage box (29) is installed on a slope top, water outlet holes (36) are formed in two ends of the water storage box, a filtering device (37) is arranged at the upper portion of the water storage box in an unsealed mode, rainwater can be collected and stored in the lower portion of the water storage box, a water blocking device (26) is installed at two ends of the water storage box (29), the water blocking device (26) comprises a spring (38), a water blocking plate (39), a sliding rail (40) and a fixed pulley (41), one end of the spring (38) is connected with the side wall of the water storage box (29), the other end of the water blocking plate (39) is connected with one end of a rope through the water blocking plate (39), the other end of the water blocking plate (39) is connected with one end of a counterweight (25) through the rope, and the other end of the rope (25) is connected with the counterweight (41) through the fixed pulley (24) in a sliding mode.
9. 9. A method of constructing a slope protection structure based on side slope soil moisture and evaporation driven irrigation and fertilization functions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: Step 1, preprocessing the slope, namely removing broken stones and sundries on the surface of the slope (3), and eliminating and filling the slope with a counter slope or a large pit to enable the slope to be in a flat state; Step 2, constructing anchoring pieces and frame beams, measuring and paying off according to a design drawing, determining the number and hole positions of anchor rods (1) and anchor nails (4), sequentially drilling holes from top to bottom, grouting the holes corresponding to the anchor nails (4), inserting the anchor nails (4), enabling the bottoms of cylindrical cup bodies (17) at the end parts of the anchor nails (4) to be tightly attached to a slope (3), placing reinforcement cages at the hole positions corresponding to the slope foot anchor rods (1), pouring concrete into the reinforcement cages, and then arranging frame beam reinforcement at paying off positions, wherein the reinforcement cages comprise the main transverse frame beams (5), the main longitudinal frame beams (6), the secondary longitudinal frame beams (7) and the reinforcement bars of the bottom main transverse frame beams (2), and pouring concrete after formwork erection to form a frame system; Step 3, installing a water diversion structure and a groove cover, namely arranging a circular arc-shaped water diversion ditch (9) at the middle position of the bottoms of the water diversion grooves (8) of the main transverse frame beams (5) and the main longitudinal frame beams (6) shortly after concrete pouring of the frame beams, after the concrete is completely solidified, additionally arranging the groove cover (14) with a reserved limit hole (15) on the surface of the main transverse frame beams (5), and additionally arranging the groove cover (14) without the limit hole on the surface of the main longitudinal frame beams (6); Step 4, the fertilizing module and the pressure device are installed, a cement blanket (12) with corresponding width is paved above a groove cover (14) of a main transverse frame beam (5), holes are formed in corresponding positions of the cement blanket (12) to enable the cement blanket to correspond to limit holes (15) of the groove cover (14), the pressure device (20) is assembled, firstly, a floating ball (21) and a hollow connecting rod (22) connected with the floating ball are placed in a cylindrical cup body (17), then a limit cylinder (23) is fixed on the cylindrical cup body (17), a solid slow-release fertilizer (44) is placed in a fertilizer box (43), a top cover plate is closed, then a water-absorbing PVA sponge (16) and the fertilizer box (43) are simultaneously pressed on the cement blanket (12), one side, with holes, with the PVA sponge (16) is made to face a slope, water reaching the cement blanket (12) and then is hardened, the main transverse frame beam (5) and the fertilizer box (43) are bonded, meanwhile, only the holes on the bottom surface of the fertilizer box (43) are allowed to be blocked, the water-absorbing PVA sponge (16) is enabled to flow out of the water-absorbing PVA sponge (12) from the side face of the groove cover (14), the water-absorbing PVA sponge (43) is enabled to pass through the holes (35) and the water-absorbing PVA sponge (43) to be sequentially stretched into the limit holes (14), and covering with a film; The method comprises the steps of installing an iron wire net and a water collecting and draining pipeline, fixing an iron wire net (28) in a frame corresponding to a planting area (27) through an anchoring device (31) on the upper surface of a secondary longitudinal frame beam (7), tightly connecting a water seepage pipe (18) with a water guide hole (19) on a cylindrical cup body (17), ensuring that the water seepage pipe (18) is arranged towards a slope, wrapping a non-woven fabric on the outer side, installing a water filtering device (33) at a water drainage hole (10) of a main transverse frame beam (5), installing a communicating pipe (42) on the water filtering device (33), keeping the communicating pipe (42) vertical to the main transverse frame beam (5), and installing a plurality of drip irrigation pipes (34) on the side wall of a water collecting tank (13), so that the drip irrigation pipes (34) are vertically connected between the two main transverse frame beams (5); Step 6, spraying a first layer of soil matrix on the inner side of a wire netting (28) of a planting area (27), wherein the thickness of the first layer of soil matrix is equal to the top of a secondary longitudinal frame beam (7), then spraying a second layer of soil matrix on the first layer of soil matrix until the second layer of soil matrix completely covers a communicating pipe (42), and finally spraying a soil surface layer containing plant seeds on the second layer of soil matrix by using a spraying machine, wherein the thickness of the soil surface layer is 8-10 mm, and covering non-woven fabrics in the frame after the spraying is finished; Step 7, installing a water storage tank and a linkage device, after horizontally processing the slope roof, installing the water storage tank (29) at a preset position of the slope roof, so that water outlets (36) at two ends of the water storage tank (29) are tightly connected with the ends of a main longitudinal frame grid beam (6), installing a filter device (37) at the upper part of the water storage tank (29), respectively installing water blocking devices (26) at two ends inside the water storage tank (29), sliding a water blocking plate (39) of the water blocking device (26) with a sliding rail (40), fixing one end of a spring (38) on the side wall of the water storage tank (29), connecting the other end of the spring (38) with the water blocking plate (39) through a rope, connecting one end of a string (25) with the water blocking plate (39), and fixedly connecting the other end of the string with a first row of counterweight net (24) after bypassing a fixed pulley (41) and penetrating through the filter device (37); Step 8, debugging and acceptance, checking the tightness and installation stability of each connecting part, debugging the linkage performance of the pressure device (20) and the water blocking device (26), ensuring that the counterweight net piece (24) can move up and down along with the water level change in the cylindrical cup body (17), pulling the water baffle (39) to open the water outlet (36) through the string (25) when the counterweight net piece descends, restoring the original state of the spring (38) when the counterweight net piece ascends, driving the water baffle (39) to reset and close the water outlet (36), verifying the water absorbing and draining functions of the PVA sponge (16), and the water smoothness of the drip irrigation pipe (34) and the water seepage pipe (18), and completing construction after confirming that each structure meets the design requirement.
10. 10. A method of using the slope protection structure of any one of claims 1 to 8 based on slope soil moisture and evaporation driven irrigation and fertilization functions, comprising the steps of: Step 1, preparing before using, confirming that all parts of a slope protection structure are installed in place, checking the fixing stability of an anchor rod (1), an anchor nail (4) and a side slope (3), verifying that a water filtering device (33), a water seepage pipe (18), a communicating pipe (42) and a drip irrigation pipe (34) are not blocked, and ensuring that a fertilizer box (43) is filled with sufficient solid slow-release fertilizer (44), and a counterweight net piece (24) and a water blocking device (26) are linked reliably through a string (25); Step 2, automatically collecting water and stopping irrigation in rainy days, filtering the rainwater by a filtering device (37) at the upper part of a water storage tank (29) and collecting the rainwater into the water storage tank (29) for storage, simultaneously, enabling the rainwater to flow into a hollow connecting rod (22) through the semi-cylindrical slope of a counterweight net piece (24), injecting the rainwater into a cylindrical cup body (17) from holes at the bottom side of the hollow connecting rod, driving the hollow connecting rod (22) and the counterweight net piece (24) to move upwards under the action of buoyancy along with the rising of the water level in the cup, enabling the counterweight net piece (24) to separate from a PVA sponge (16), stopping draining the PVA sponge (16), enabling a spring (38) to restore to be capable of driving a water baffle (39) to move along a sliding rail (40) to close a water outlet (36), enabling the redundant rainwater on a slope to permeate into a communicating pipe (42) through an iron wire net (28), and draining the redundant rainwater through a circular arc-shaped water draining hole (10) and a water draining hole (11) of a main transverse frame beam (5) after being filtered by a water filtering device (33), and avoiding accumulated water; The method comprises the steps of (3) automatically irrigating and fertilizing in a non-rainy day, wherein moisture in a slope soil matrix is consumed through evaporation in the non-rainy day, a water seepage pipe (18) continuously seeps water slowly to soil at the lower layer of a planting area (27) through a surface water seepage hole (32), along with the seepage of the moisture, the water level in a cylindrical cup body (17) gradually drops, a floating ball (21) drives a hollow connecting rod (22) and a counterweight net piece (24) to synchronously move downwards, the counterweight net piece (24) presses a PVA sponge (16) to discharge the moisture stored in the PVA sponge, the moisture permeates through a porous structure of a fertilizer box (43) and dissolves an internal solid slow-release fertilizer (44), a fertilizer-containing aqueous solution is formed, and the fertilizer-containing aqueous solution is evenly dripped into the soil matrix of the planting area (27) through pores of a drip irrigation pipe (34) after being collected through a water collecting tank (13), and the moisture and the nutrients are provided for vegetation; Step 4, low water level automatic water supplementing linkage, when the water level in the cylindrical cup body (17) continuously descends, the first row of counterweight meshes (24) descends to a preset position, the water baffle (39) of the water blocking device (26) is pulled by the thin ropes (25) to slide along the sliding rails (40), the springs (38) are stretched and open the water outlet holes (36) of the water storage tank (29), partial rainwater stored in the water storage tank (29) flows into the water diversion grooves (8) of the main longitudinal grid beams (6) through the water outlet holes (36), and then is shunted to the circular arc-shaped water diversion grooves (9) of each cylindrical cup body (17) and the main transverse grid beams (5), the PVA sponge (16) absorbs the rainwater in the circular arc-shaped water diversion grooves (9) under the capillary action through the lower end water diversion sponge (35) until the water absorption is saturated, the pull of the thin ropes (25) is reduced along with the water level rising in the cylindrical cup body (17), the floating balls (21) drive the counterweight meshes (24) to move upwards, and the springs (38) reset and pull the water baffle (39) to close the water outlet holes (36), so that water supplementing circulation is completed once; Step 5, daily maintenance and replenishment, periodically opening a top cover plate of a fertilizer box (43) to supplement solid slow-release fertilizer (44), cleaning sundries in a filtering device (37) of a water storage tank (29) and a circular arc-shaped water diversion ditch (9) to avoid blockage, checking smoothness of a water seepage pipe (18), a drip irrigation pipe (34) and a communicating pipe (42), dredging blocked parts in time, verifying linkage flexibility of a pressure device (20) and a water blocking device (26), and ensuring continuous and stable automatic irrigation and fertilization functions.

Description

Ecological restoration slope protection structure with automatic water and fertilizer supplying function and method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, in particular to an ecological restoration slope protection structure with a water and fertilizer automatic supplying function and a method. Background The side slope is a common topographic structure in engineering construction of traffic, water conservancy, mines and the like, and the stability and ecological restoration effect of the side slope directly influence the engineering safety and the surrounding ecological environment. In order to prevent disasters such as water and soil loss and landslide of a side slope, the current commonly used slope protection structure comprises a lattice Liang Hupo, a spray-seeding slope protection and the like, wherein the lattice beam slope protection is used for reinforcing the side slope through a reinforced concrete lattice system, although the side slope structure is stable, only the mechanical protection is emphasized, the water and fertilizer supply function for vegetation growth of the side slope is lacked, the spray-seeding slope protection is used for realizing ecological restoration through a spray-seeding soil matrix and plant seeds, but soil moisture is easy to run off along with the runoff of the side slope due to the topography of the side slope, the evaporation rate is high, vegetation is often withered due to water shortage, and nutrients in the matrix are easy to be rapidly exhausted. In order to solve the problems, a slope protection structure with a part of integrated irrigation functions is provided in the prior art, but the problems that firstly, the design of a water collecting and draining system is imperfect, the rainwater collecting and draining system is low in utilization rate, excessive water cannot be timely discharged, soil matrixes are easy to harden, and a drought period lacks continuous water replenishing capability, secondly, the fertilization mode is mainly used for matrix mixed fertilization or manual periodic fertilization, nutrient release is uneven, continuous feeding performance is poor, manual fertilization is limited by slope topography, operation difficulty is high, cost is high, thirdly, the existing automatic irrigation device is mainly dependent on equipment such as a pump body and a sensor driven by electric power, the problem of inconvenient power supply exists in a remote slope area, the dynamic water fertilizer requirement based on slope soil humidity and water evaporation cannot be matched, fourthly, functional modules such as irrigation, fertilization, water storage and slope reinforcement are lack of cooperative integration, the whole structure is high in complexity, stability is insufficient, and healthy growth of the slope vegetation is difficult to maintain for a long time. Therefore, there is a need for a slope protection structure that can achieve slope reinforcement, automatic water collection and drainage, sustained slow release fertilization, and self-adaptive water and fertilizer supply based on slope soil humidity and evaporation driving, so as to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide an ecological restoration slope protection structure with an automatic water and fertilizer supplying function and a method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology. In order to solve the technical problems, the ecological restoration slope protection structure with the automatic water and fertilizer supplying function comprises a lattice beam foundation structure, an automatic water collecting and draining structure, a fertilizing module structure, a slope soil matrix and a water storage structure; The frame lattice girder foundation structure is used for reinforcing a side slope and providing an installation carrier for other structures, is fixed on the side slope through anchor rods and anchor nails, and forms a frame lattice system comprising a main transverse frame lattice girder, a main longitudinal frame lattice girder, a secondary longitudinal frame lattice girder and a bottom main transverse frame lattice girder, and a water diversion groove and an arc-shaped water diversion groove for diversion are reserved; The automatic water collecting and draining structure is used for collecting rainwater, draining excessive water and supplying water as required, and is composed of a water diversion trench, an arc-shaped water diversion trench, a water draining hole, a water collecting trench, a water seepage pipe, a communicating pipe and a water filtering device, so that directional transmission and regulation and control of water are realized; the fertilizing module structure is used for realizing automatic dissolution and supply of solid slow-release fertilizer, and is composed of PVA sponge, a fertilizer box, a