CN-122013727-A - Device and method for converting variable collision external force into definitely controllable external force

CN122013727ACN 122013727 ACN122013727 ACN 122013727ACN-122013727-A

Abstract

The application discloses a device and a method for converting variable collision external force into definitely controllable external force, and relates to the technical field of mechanical engineering and safety protection. According to the application, through the synergistic effect of the guide structure and the synchronous mechanism, the concentrated collision external force which possibly generates torque is converted into the linear thrust which is definite in direction and uniformly distributed, so that the energy absorbing component can effectively absorb and consume impact energy to the maximum extent, and the reliability and safety of the whole protection system are improved.

Inventors

HAN XUELONG
DONG SHENG
WANG XIHUI
WANG YAFEI
HE LIANG
HE QI
Cai tengfei
HUA KE
ZHU SIQI
HU YIBIN
QIU MINJIE

Assignees

中铁二院成都勘察设计研究院有限责任公司
中国铁路成都局集团有限公司
衡水中交信德工程橡塑有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260211

Claims (10)

1. A device for converting a varying impact force into a definitely controllable force, comprising: A support structure (1); a crashing member (2) mounted at the front end of the supporting structure (1) for receiving a direct impact force at the time of a crash; an energy absorbing member (3) provided on the support structure (1) for absorbing and consuming impact energy generated when the impacted member (2) is impacted; A guide structure (4) which is arranged on the support structure (1) and is connected with the crashing member (2) and is used for guiding the moving direction of the crashing member (2) when crashing; And the synchronous mechanism (5) is arranged at the rear end of the crashed component (2), is respectively connected with the crashed component (2) and the supporting structure (1) and is used for balancing the deformation and displacement of each position of the crashed component (2) when crashed.
2. Device for converting a varying crash external force into a definitely controllable external force according to claim 1, characterized in that the guiding structure (4) comprises: the side beams (41) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the supporting structure (1), and the length directions of the two side beams (41) are parallel; a guide rail (42) fixedly provided on the side member (41) and provided along the longitudinal direction of the side member (41); Axle boxes (43) fixedly arranged at the two side ends of the crashed component (2); And a plurality of guide wheels (44) rotatably arranged on the axle box (43), wherein the guide wheels (44) are arranged on the guide slide rail (42) on the corresponding side in a rolling way.
3. The device for converting varying impact external force into definitely controllable external force according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of rollers (421) are rotatably disposed above each guide wheel (44) in the guide rail (42), and each roller (421) is distributed along the length direction of the guide rail (42) and is in rolling connection with the guide wheel (44).
4. A device for converting varying impact external force into definitely controllable external force according to claim 3, wherein vibration reduction blocks (422) are slidably disposed in the guide sliding rail (42) and between adjacent rollers (421), and elastic members (423) for driving each vibration reduction block (422) to slide in a direction approaching to the guide wheel (44) are respectively disposed on the guide sliding rail (42).
5. The device for converting varying impact external force into explicitly controllable external force according to claim 4, wherein the bottom end surface of the vibration reduction block (422) is arc-shaped, and the bottom end of the vibration reduction block (422) is lower than the plane where the bottoms of the rollers (421) at both sides are located under the action of the elastic force of the elastic member (423).
6. A device for converting varying crash forces into clearly controllable forces according to claim 2, characterized in that the synchronizing mechanism (5) comprises at least two sets of synchronizing link assemblies (51), each set of synchronizing link assemblies (51) comprising a first link (511) and a second link (512), the first link (511) being hinged to the end of the second link (512), the first link (511) being hinged to the crashing member (2), the second link (512) being hinged to the support structure (1); the first connecting rod (511) and the second connecting rod (512) of each group of the synchronous connecting rod assembly (51) are parallel to each other, and the hinged ends of the first connecting rod (511) and the second connecting rod (512) of each group of the synchronous connecting rod assembly (51) are commonly hinged with a synchronous shaft (52).
7. The device for converting varying impact external force into explicitly controllable external force according to claim 6, wherein the end parts of the synchronizing shafts (52) are provided with telescopic rods (521) in a sliding manner along the length direction of the synchronizing shafts (52), the telescopic rods (521) are fixedly provided with guide sliding blocks (522), and the guide sliding blocks (522) are matched with the guide sliding rails (42) and are arranged on the guide sliding rails (42) in a sliding manner.
8. The device for converting variable impact external force into definitely controllable external force according to claim 1, wherein the energy absorbing member (3) comprises at least two groups of energy absorbing units (31), the energy absorbing units (31) comprise energy dissipating sleeves (311) fixedly arranged on the supporting structure (1), and guide posts (312) penetrating through the energy dissipating sleeves (311) in a sliding manner, the guide posts (312) are connected with the impacted member (2) through spherical hinges or universal joints, collapsible metal materials (313) are arranged in the energy dissipating sleeves (311), and the collapsible metal materials (313) are of honeycomb structures or corrugated tube structures.
9. The device for converting variable impact external force into definitely controllable external force according to claim 8, wherein a maintenance opening (314) for replacing the collapsible metal material (313) is formed in the side wall of the energy dissipation sleeve (311), a sealing cover (315) for sealing the maintenance opening (314) is further arranged on the energy dissipation sleeve (311), and the sealing cover (315) is fixed on the energy dissipation sleeve (311) through bolts.
10. A conversion method based on the device for converting a varying crash external force into a definitely controllable external force according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized by the steps of: S1, bearing a direct impact force during collision through a crashed component (2); S2, after the crashed component (2) is crashed, the whole crashed component (2) is guided to move in a specific direction through the guide structure (4); S3, during the process of collision and movement of the collided member (2), the deformation and displacement of each position of the collided member (2) during collision are balanced through the synchronous mechanism (5), concentrated collision external force which can generate torque is converted into linear thrust which is definite in direction and uniformly distributed, and the energy absorbing member (3) is convenient to absorb and consume impact energy.

Description

Device and method for converting variable collision external force into definitely controllable external force Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of mechanical engineering and safety protection, in particular to a device and a method for converting variable collision external force into definitely controllable external force. Background In the fields of mechanical engineering and safety protection, particularly in the working conditions of vehicles, guided rail traffic, dock protection and the like, which relate to a large-scale collision avoidance system, an anti-collision beam (i.e., a crashed member) is a key component for bearing initial collision impact. In the prior art, conventional impact protection systems typically connect an impact beam directly to a rear energy absorbing member (e.g., crush tube, damper, etc.) via a simple rigid support or guide mechanism. When a center collision occurs, the impact force can be transferred to the rear energy-absorbing component relatively uniformly, so that the rear energy-absorbing component collapses or deforms according to the design expectation, and energy is effectively absorbed. However, in practice, the occurrence of a collision event has a high degree of uncertainty, and the point of impact may be located in the center of the impact beam or on either side thereof, creating an eccentric collision. In case of eccentric collision, the load born by the two sides of the anti-collision beam can instantaneously generate great difference. Such uneven stress may cause the impact beam to generate a torsional moment, causing it to rotate or severely collapse on one side. The torsion and the asymmetric deformation enable the rear end energy-absorbing component to be not activated simultaneously and uniformly, partial energy-absorbing components cannot exert energy-absorbing potential due to insufficient compression, and partial energy-absorbing components fail in advance due to overload, so that the energy-absorbing efficiency of the system is reduced. Moreover, huge lateral stress can be generated between the anti-collision beam and the guide mechanism, so that movement is blocked, even the whole protection system is structurally invalid, and the anti-collision beam and the guide mechanism cannot play a role in protecting. Therefore, how to stably and reliably convert the eccentric collision external force with uncertain and variable positions, especially possibly causing structural torsion, into a linear thrust with definite direction and uniform distribution so as to ensure that the rear-end energy absorption system can work efficiently and cooperatively, absorb impact energy to the maximum extent and improve the reliability and safety of protection becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the current industry. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a device and a conversion method for converting a variable collision external force into a definitely controllable external force. In a first aspect, the present application provides a device for converting a variable collision external force into a definitely controllable external force, which adopts the following technical scheme: An apparatus for converting a varying impact external force into a definitely controllable external force, comprising: a support structure; The crashed component is arranged at the front end of the supporting structure and is used for bearing the direct impact force during crashing; An energy absorbing member disposed on the support structure for absorbing and consuming impact energy generated when the impacted member is impacted; the guide structure is arranged on the support structure and connected with the crashed member, and is used for guiding the moving direction of the crashed member when crashed; And the synchronous mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the crashed member, is respectively connected with the crashed member and the supporting structure, and is used for balancing the deformation and displacement of each position of the crashed member when crashed. Optionally, the guiding structure includes: the side beams are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the supporting structure, and the length directions of the two side beams are parallel; The guide sliding rail is fixedly arranged on the side beam and is arranged along the length direction of the side beam; Axle boxes fixedly arranged at the two side ends of the crashed component; and the guide wheels are rotatably arranged on the axle box and are arranged on the guide sliding rail on the corresponding side in a rolling way. Optionally, a plurality of rollers are rotatably arranged in the guide slide rail and above the guide wheels, and each roller is distributed along the length direction of the guide slide rail and is used for being in rolling connection with the guide wheel. Optionally, vibration damping blocks are slidably arr