CN-122014193-A - Hydraulic fracturing simulation device

CN122014193ACN 122014193 ACN122014193 ACN 122014193ACN-122014193-A

Abstract

The application provides a hydraulic fracturing simulation device which comprises a pressure pump, a functional module, an execution module, a visual display module and a valve assembly, wherein the functional module comprises a sand mixing unit and an oil-water separation unit, the execution module comprises a shaft simulation unit and a multistage fracture simulation unit which are communicated with each other, a gradient pressure trigger structure is built in the multistage fracture simulation unit to realize progressive expansion of the multistage fracture, the valve assembly comprises a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve, the first valve is connected with the pressure pump and the sand mixing unit, the second valve is connected with the sand mixing unit and the shaft simulation unit, the third valve is connected with the pressure pump and the oil-water separation unit, and the fourth valve is connected with the oil-water separation unit and the shaft simulation unit, so that the integral, continuous, high-simulation and high-precision requirements of hydraulic fracturing experiments are realized through integral integrated design, a double-loop switching mechanism of the valve assembly and gradient trigger and visual collaborative layout.

Inventors

HOU ZHAOKAI
YAN ZHIHAN
CHEN YIXIAO
SUN XIAOFENG
YAN TIE
QU JINGYU
XU RUI
HU QIAOBO

Assignees

东北石油大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260129

Claims (10)

1. A hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus, characterized in that the hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus comprises: A pressure pump for providing the pressure required for the experiment; The functional module comprises a sand mixing unit and an oil-water separation unit, wherein the sand mixing unit is used for preparing sand-carrying fluid of propping agent and fracturing fluid, and the oil-water separation unit is used for storing and purifying fracturing fluid required by a crack expansion experiment; The execution module comprises a shaft simulation unit and a multi-stage fracture simulation unit which are communicated, wherein a gradient pressure trigger structure is arranged in the multi-stage fracture simulation unit so as to realize progressive expansion of the multi-stage fracture; the visual display module is used for capturing dynamic images of progressive expansion of the multistage cracks in real time and synthesizing three-dimensional visual data; the valve assembly comprises a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve, wherein the first valve is connected with the input end of the pressure pump and the input end of the sand mixing unit, the second valve is connected with the output end of the sand mixing unit and the input end of the shaft simulation unit, the third valve is connected with the pressure pump and the input end of the oil-water separation unit, the fourth valve is connected with the output end of the oil-water separation unit and the shaft simulation unit, And the on-off switching of the valve assembly is used for selectively conducting the sand mixing unit or the oil-water separation unit and the execution module so as to construct a proppant sedimentation migration experimental loop or a crack dynamic expansion experimental loop, and the visual display module is cooperated with a gradient pressure triggering structure of the multistage crack simulation unit to capture the expansion dynamics of each stage of crack in real time.
2. The hydraulic fracture simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the multi-stage fracture simulation unit comprises a housing, a connection tube, a first fracture channel, a second fracture channel, and a third fracture channel; One end of the connecting pipe is connected with the shaft simulation unit, a one-way valve is arranged between the connecting pipe and the shaft simulation unit, the one-way valve is a one-in two-out one-way valve, an inlet of the one-way valve is communicated with the shaft simulation unit, a first outlet of the one-way valve is communicated with the connecting pipe, and the one-way valve is communicated along the flowing direction of fracturing fluid or sand-carrying fluid and is used for preventing fluid from flowing back; The other end of the connecting pipe extends to the inside of the shell, the first crack channel is positioned in the shell and communicated with the connecting pipe, the second crack channel is positioned in the shell and communicated with the first crack channel, and the third crack channel is positioned in the shell and communicated with the second crack channel; The first crack channel is internally provided with a first pressure trigger component, the second crack channel is internally provided with a second pressure trigger component, the third crack channel is internally provided with a third pressure trigger component, the trigger pressure of the first pressure trigger component is smaller than that of the second pressure trigger component, and the trigger pressure of the second pressure trigger component is smaller than that of the third pressure trigger component so as to form the gradient pressure trigger structure.
3. The hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first pressure trigger assembly comprises a first baffle and a first elastic member, the first baffle is used for sealing a communication port between the first fracture channel and the connecting pipe, one end of the first elastic member is abutted against the first baffle, and the other end is abutted against an end wall of the first fracture channel far away from the communication port; The second pressure trigger assembly comprises a second baffle and a second elastic piece, the second baffle is used for sealing a communication port between the second crack channel and the first crack channel, one end of the second elastic piece is propped against the second baffle, and the other end of the second elastic piece is propped against the end wall, far away from the communication port, of the second crack channel; The third pressure trigger assembly comprises a third baffle and a third elastic piece, the third baffle is used for sealing a communication port between the second crack channel and the third crack channel, one end of the third elastic piece is propped against the third baffle, and the other end of the third elastic piece is propped against the end wall, far away from the communication port, of the third crack channel.
4. The hydraulic fracture simulation apparatus of claim 3, wherein the number of first fracture channels is a plurality, each first fracture channel is in communication with a plurality of second fracture channels in its own direction of extension, each second fracture channel is in communication with a plurality of third fracture channels in its own direction of extension; Each first crack channel is provided with a plurality of stop pieces at intervals in sequence in the self extension direction, each second crack channel is provided with a plurality of stop pieces at intervals in the self extension direction, and each third crack channel is provided with a plurality of stop pieces at intervals in sequence in the self extension direction; The stopper that first crack passageway set up in its self extending direction is used for stopping first baffle resilience resets, the stopper that the second crack passageway set up in its self extending direction is used for stopping second baffle resilience resets, the stopper that the third crack passageway set up in its self extending direction is used for stopping third baffle resilience resets.
5. The hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the multi-stage fracture simulation unit is a transparent structure to adapt to visual capture requirements; The visual display module comprises at least one camera shooting assembly, wherein the camera shooting assembly is arranged on the periphery of the multistage crack simulation unit and used for capturing dynamic images of progressive expansion of multistage cracks in real time and combining with the data processing unit to synthesize three-dimensional visual data.
6. The hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a return line; one end of the return pipeline is communicated with the second outlet of the one-way valve, the other end of the return pipeline is communicated with the pressure pump, and a fifth valve is arranged on the return pipeline and used for controlling the on-off of the return pipeline so as to form closed circulation in the proppant sedimentation and migration experiment loop, so that the sand-carrying fluid is continuously circulated and migrated.
7. The hydraulic fracture simulation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a posture adjustment assembly coupled to the wellbore simulation unit and configured to adjust an inclination angle of the wellbore simulation unit to simulate migration and settlement behavior of proppants in different well patterns.
8. The hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a heating module in series with an inlet end of the wellbore simulation unit for preheating the fracturing fluid or sand-carrying fluid to a target temperature and maintaining a constant temperature.
9. The hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus of claim 8, wherein a pressure gauge and a sixth valve are further provided between the heating module and the wellbore simulation unit; the pressure gauge is used for monitoring the pressure of fracturing fluid or sand-carrying fluid in the pipeline, and the sixth valve is used for controlling the on-off of the pipeline.
10. The hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein, When a proppant sedimentation and migration experiment loop is constructed, the first valve and the second valve are communicated, the third valve and the fourth valve are closed, and sand-carrying fluid sequentially passes through the sand mixing unit and the second valve and enters the shaft simulation unit; when the crack dynamic expansion experiment loop is constructed, the third valve and the fourth valve are communicated, the first valve and the second valve are closed, the purified fracturing fluid sequentially passes through the oil-water separation unit and the fourth valve to enter the shaft simulation unit and the multi-stage crack simulation unit, and the fracturing fluid is added with a coloring agent so as to be used for improving the visual identification degree of the multi-stage crack expansion process.

Description

Hydraulic fracturing simulation device Technical Field The application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a hydraulic fracturing simulation device. Background The hydraulic fracturing technology is a core technology in the energy fields of oil and gas field development, shale gas exploitation and the like, and the principle is that a fracturing fluid is injected into a well through a high-pressure pump to enable a stratum to form cracks and to be filled with propping agents, so that an oil and gas seepage channel is improved, and in order to ensure the effectiveness and safety of on-site fracturing construction, two core experiments are required to be carried out through an indoor simulation device before construction, namely, a sedimentation and migration experiment of propping agents in the fracturing fluid is used for optimizing propping agent type selection and injection parameters, and a stratum crack dynamic expansion experiment is used for exploring crack extension rules and morphological characteristics. In the related art, two sets of independent equipment are adopted for the proppant settlement migration experiment and the fracture dynamic expansion experiment, the two sets of equipment are used for respectively carrying out the experiment, and each set of equipment is provided with a complete pressure supply, fluid treatment and observation module. However, the simulation mode in the related technology has obvious defects that on one hand, two sets of independent equipment are required to independently plan a site, the labor cost for equipment purchase, site transformation and operation and maintenance is increased, on the other hand, the crack simulation is simple, the deviation of the progressive extension rule of the crack simulation and a real stratum is large, two types of experiments are developed in stages, the on-site continuous process cannot be simulated, the data lack of cooperative association and the misleading of construction parameter optimization are caused, on the other hand, the visual display module is independent and is not adaptive to a crack simulation structure, the instantaneous extension dynamics of the crack cannot be captured, the experiment is discontinuous, only static endpoint data can be obtained, the data dimension is single, and the fracturing mechanism is difficult to comprehensively reveal. Disclosure of Invention The present application provides a hydraulic fracturing simulation apparatus to solve at least the above-mentioned problems in the related art. In order to achieve the purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme that the hydraulic fracturing simulation device comprises: A pressure pump for providing the pressure required for the experiment; the functional module comprises a sand mixing unit and an oil-water separation unit, wherein the sand mixing unit is used for preparing sand-carrying fluid of propping agent and fracturing fluid, and the oil-water separation unit is used for storing and purifying fracturing fluid required by a crack expansion experiment; the execution module comprises a shaft simulation unit and a multistage crack simulation unit which are communicated, wherein a gradient pressure trigger structure is arranged in the multistage crack simulation unit so as to realize multistage crack progressive expansion; the visual display module is used for capturing dynamic images of progressive expansion of the multistage cracks in real time and synthesizing three-dimensional visual data; The valve assembly comprises a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve, wherein the first valve is connected with the input end of the pressure pump and the sand mixing unit, the second valve is connected with the output end of the sand mixing unit and the input end of the shaft simulation unit, the third valve is connected with the pressure pump and the input end of the oil-water separation unit, the fourth valve is connected with the output end of the oil-water separation unit and the shaft simulation unit, The on-off switching of the valve assembly is used for selectively conducting the sand mixing unit or the oil-water separation unit and the execution module to construct a proppant settlement migration experimental loop or a crack dynamic expansion experimental loop, and the visual display module is cooperated with the gradient pressure triggering structure of the multistage crack simulation unit to capture the expansion dynamics of each stage of crack in real time. In some alternative embodiments, the multi-stage fracture simulation unit includes a housing, a connection tube, a first fracture channel, a second fracture channel, and a third fracture channel; One end of the connecting pipe is connected with the shaft simulation unit, a one-way valve is arranged between the connecting pipe and the shaft simulation unit, the one-way valve is a one-in two-out one-wa