CN-122014259-A - Deep thick ore body stress regulation and control and mechanized layered stoping method

CN122014259ACN 122014259 ACN122014259 ACN 122014259ACN-122014259-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and discloses a deep thick and large ore body stress regulation and mechanized layered stoping method. The stress regulation and control and mechanical layered stoping integrated mode applicable to deep high-stress thick and large ore bodies is constructed through the cooperative implementation of upper disc surrounding rock stress regulation and control courtyard, surrounding rock presplitting weakening, mechanical cutting stoping and goaf filling. The method can improve the stress state of surrounding rock in the area to be mined, adjust the stress transmission path, promote ordered stress transfer and redistribution and realize layered continuous stoping. Further, by controlling the form and the advancing direction of the mining front in the advancing process of the middle stope, the mining front forms an approximate ellipse or ellipsoidal envelope, and the equal stress axial ratio is combined to restrict the long and short axial relation of the mining front, so that the stress distribution uniformity of surrounding rock can be effectively improved, the local stress concentration degree of the boundary is reduced, and a more stable stress environment is created for continuous stope.

Inventors

ZENG ZIQIANG
WANG XIN
ZHANG ZHIYUAN
CHEN HONGQUAN
WANG FEI
LI KUNMENG
CHEN LIN
LIU ZAOBAO

Assignees

东北大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260401

Claims (8)

1. A deep thick ore body stress regulation and mechanized layered stoping method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: Step 1, dividing a middle section, a disc zone and layered stoping units of a to-be-mined body according to an occurrence state of the ore body, a main stress direction of a primary rock and stability of a surrounding rock, arranging a plurality of stress control patiens on one side of the upper disc surrounding rock of the ore body to form a stress control patiens covering a range of the upper disc surrounding rock corresponding to a subsequent layered stoping zone, and simultaneously determining a propelling direction and a mining boundary of each layered stoping unit; Step 2, after the stress control patio is arranged, presplitting weakening is carried out on adjacent upper disc surrounding rocks along each stress control patio, and a crack weakening zone which is mutually communicated or continuously extended is formed through mechanical rock breaking equipment, so that a stress control zone which is continuously distributed is formed on one side of the upper disc surrounding rocks of the ore body; Step 3, arranging mechanized rock breaking equipment in the ore body, cutting a production courtyard or forming a stoping channel from bottom to top, and providing an operation space and an ore discharging channel for subsequent layered continuous stoping; Step 4, continuously propelling the mechanized rock breaking equipment along a designed path, and rotationally cutting the ore body by a cutter disc to form blocky ore rocks, wherein after the cut ore rocks fall into a rock breaking machine aggregate mechanism, transferring the ore rocks to a stoping channel, a drop shaft or a subsequent conveying system by an onboard conveying device to realize a mechanized extraction flow of continuous cutting, continuous aggregate and continuous transfer connection; Step 5, in the continuous stoping process, the front and adjacent boundary areas of the mechanized rock breaking equipment operation are in the action range of the stress regulation and control zone formed in the step 2, and the goaf at the rear is gradually formed as the rock is mined out; Step 6, after mechanical cutting and stoping is advanced to the designed length and height or reaches the partition and segment control boundary, filling the formed goaf, and forming a filling body after filling to realize the space closure of the goaf, provide continuous support for the top plate and the side wall, and promote the orderly redistribution of stope surrounding rock stress to the filling body, surrounding rock and an unaddressed area; step 7, controlling an ellipse or an ellipsoidal exploitation front, wherein in the advancing process, the major axis of a stope is arranged along the direction of the maximum main stress, and the exploitation front is pulled away from the middle and then extracted towards the two ends so that the exploitation front forms an approximate ellipse envelope; And 8, after the stoping of a certain operation unit is completed and filling and closing are implemented, moving the mechanized rock breaking equipment and the matched system to an adjacent operation unit or the next layering, and repeating the steps 3 to 7.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stress control patio extends in a vertical or inclined direction, and the number, spacing, section size, extension length and arrangement direction of the stress control patio are determined according to the stress distribution characteristics of the raw rock, the structural characteristics of the upper-disc surrounding rock and the subsequent extraction advancing direction.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the range, depth, extension direction and adjacent weakened zone relationship of the stress regulating zone are determined according to primary rock main stress distribution characteristics, upper disc surrounding rock structural characteristics and subsequent layered stoping range, so as to improve surrounding rock stress state of the area to be mined and adjust stress transmission paths.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the stress of deep and thick ore bodies and mechanically layering and stoping according to claim 1, wherein a cutter disc and a hob are arranged at the front end of the mechanical rock breaking equipment and are used for continuously cutting broken rock under hard rock conditions.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 is to apply electromagnetic pulse pre-cracking weakening to the rock mass or the working surface where the rock mass and the cutterhead are in contact before cutting to induce micro-crack expansion and reduce the cutting load.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the stress of deep and thick ore bodies and mechanically layering stoping according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the ore rock migration path and the transfer mode are regulated according to layering advancing states and operation space conditions in the ore discharging process.
7. The method for regulating and controlling the stress of a deep thick ore body and mechanically layering the stoping according to claim 1, wherein the supporting measures comprise anchor rods, anchor ropes, hanging nets and sprayed concrete.
8. The method for deep and thick ore body stress regulation and mechanized layered stoping according to claim 1, wherein in the step S8, the propulsion sequence, the propulsion step distance and the mining frontal surface control parameters of the operation unit are adjusted by combining the stress and the deformation monitoring result, so as to ensure the safety and the controllability of continuous stoping.

Description

Deep thick ore body stress regulation and control and mechanized layered stoping method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a deep thick and large ore body stress regulation and mechanized layered stoping method. Background With the increasing decrease of shallow mineral resources, the metal mining is continuously extended to the deep part, and the deep thick and large mining body is subjected to complicated geomechanical problems such as high ground stress, high rock burst tendency, surrounding rock rheological deformation and the like. Although the conventional layer mining can alleviate local stress concentration to a certain extent through layer-by-layer stoping, because surrounding rock stress transmission, transfer and redistribution processes between layers are complex, residual stress is still easy to accumulate in local areas, and disaster accidents such as roof instability, ledge, rock burst and the like are induced. The existing deep ore body surrounding rock stress regulation and control measures mainly comprise modes of drilling, hydraulic fracturing, advanced roof cutting, local presplitting and the like, and although the local surrounding rock stress state can be improved to a certain extent by the measures, the problems that the regulation and control range is limited, the persistence is insufficient, the connection with a subsequent mechanized stoping process is not tight and the like generally exist, independent construction is often required outside normal mining operation, continuous operation efficiency is influenced, the stope propulsion period is prolonged, and large-scale continuous mining of deep thick ore bodies is restricted. Therefore, it is needed to provide a method suitable for combining stress control and mechanical layered stoping of deep thick and large ore bodies, by arranging a plurality of stress control patios and implementing pre-splitting weakening on surrounding rocks in combination with mechanical rock breaking, the stress state and stress transmission path of surrounding rocks in a region to be mined are improved, and favorable conditions are created for subsequent mechanical layered stoping, so that the stope stability and continuous operation capability are improved. Disclosure of Invention Firstly, the technical problem to be solved; in the high-ground stress environment of a deep thick and large metal ore body, the traditional mining method has the following problems that firstly, the surrounding rock stress regulation and control capability is insufficient. The existing method has limited release and transfer effects on local high stress, residual stress is easy to concentrate around a stope, so that the risks of rock burst, roof instability, ledge and other ground pressure disasters are increased, and meanwhile, the mining boundary form lacks optimization constraint on the stress field of the original rock, so that uneven boundary stress distribution and overhigh local stress peaks are easy to cause. Secondly, stress regulation and continuous recovery are difficult to cooperate. The existing stress regulation and control technology needs independent construction, is difficult to be tightly connected with mechanized layered stoping, causes frequent operation interruption, prolongs stope preparation and propulsion period, and restricts continuous operation efficiency. In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the invention provides a deep thick ore body stress regulation and mechanized layered recovery method. The method comprises the steps of mining a plurality of stress regulation raise shafts in a mining body, conducting presplitting weakening on adjacent surrounding rocks by utilizing mechanized rock breaking equipment to form a stress regulation zone along the extending direction of the mining body, conducting mechanized layered continuous mining on the mining body on the basis, controlling a mining front surface to form an approximate ellipse or an ellipsoidal envelope in the same middle section mining field advancing process, enabling an ellipse major axis to be arranged along the direction of the maximum principal stress of the original rocks, enabling the ellipse major axis ratio to be equal to or close to the ratio of the corresponding principal stress, namely, an equal stress axis ratio, so as to reduce stress concentration at mining boundaries and achieve stress distribution homogenization, and simultaneously combining continuous migration of the mining rocks and goaf filling to achieve continuous regulation of stress and stable control of the surrounding rocks in the mining process, and considering mining field safety, mechanical continuous operation efficiency and mining stability under deep high-stress hard rock conditions. (II) technical scheme The invention provides a stress regulation and mechanical layered recovery method for a deep thick ore body, which aims to solve the problems that t