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CN-122014312-A - Roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting equipment and method for coal mine non-coal pillar exploitation

CN122014312ACN 122014312 ACN122014312 ACN 122014312ACN-122014312-A

Abstract

The invention discloses roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting equipment for coal mining without coal pillars, which comprises a supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame consists of a supporting bottom plate, a supporting roof and supporting side plates, two ends of each supporting side plate are respectively and rotatably connected with the supporting bottom plate and the supporting roof, four multi-stage sleeve type yielding columns are arranged between the supporting bottom plate and the supporting roof and are respectively connected with four corner positions of the supporting bottom plate and the supporting roof, the multi-stage sleeve type yielding columns and an elastic yielding device are adopted, multi-path pressure relief is realized, the overall stability and bearing capacity of a supporting system are enhanced through self-adaptive fitting of a pressure dividing plate, and a spring buffering base is adopted, and a buffering spring is used for realizing yielding through compression deformation to provide constant and stable supporting resistance for a secondary sleeve, so that self-adaptive buffering and stable supporting of roof pressure are realized.

Inventors

  • WANG ZHIYONG
  • YIN SHUAIFENG
  • TIAN BO
  • TAO WEI
  • ZHANG LEI

Assignees

  • 安徽恒源煤电股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260326

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting device for coal mining without coal pillars is characterized by comprising a supporting frame (1), wherein the supporting frame (1) consists of a supporting bottom plate (11), a supporting top plate (12) and a supporting side plate (13), and two ends of the supporting side plate (13) are respectively connected with the supporting bottom plate (11) and the supporting top plate (12) in a rotating way; four multistage sleeve-type yielding columns (2) are arranged between the supporting bottom plate (11) and the supporting top plate (12), and the four multistage sleeve-type yielding columns (2) are respectively connected to the four corner positions of the supporting bottom plate (11) and the supporting top plate (12).
  2. 2. The roof adaptive constant-resistance supporting device for coal mining without coal pillars, which is characterized in that the upper part of the supporting roof (12) is contacted with a roadway roof, and the lower part of the supporting bottom plate (11) is contacted with the roadway bottom plate; the tops of the four multi-stage sleeve type yielding columns (2) are rotationally connected with the lower portion of the supporting top plate (12), spherical hinging bases (3) are arranged at the bottoms of the four multi-stage sleeve type yielding columns (2), and the bottoms of the spherical hinging bases (3) are hinged with the upper portion of the supporting bottom plate (11).
  3. 3. The roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting device for coal mining without coal pillars, which is characterized in that the multistage sleeve type yielding upright post (2) comprises a primary sleeve (21) fixed above the spherical hinged base (3), a secondary sleeve (22) is coaxially embedded and slidingly arranged in the primary sleeve (21), and a sealing buffer ring (24) is arranged between the upper end of the primary sleeve (21) and the secondary sleeve (22); The hydraulic buffer structure comprises a first-stage sleeve (21), a liquid inlet pipe (23) communicated with the first-stage sleeve (21), a spring buffer base (6) and a spring buffer base (22), wherein a hydraulic column (5) is coaxially arranged inside the first-stage sleeve (21), the bottom of the hydraulic column (5) is fixed with the upper end face of the spherical hinged base (3), the liquid inlet pipe (23) communicated with the hydraulic column (5) is vertically arranged outside the first-stage sleeve (21), one end of the hydraulic column (5) is connected in the spring buffer base (6) in a sliding penetrating mode, and the upper end of the spring buffer base (6) is fixed with the lower end face of the second-stage sleeve (22); The device is characterized in that a plurality of elastic yielding devices (7) are coaxially arranged in the secondary sleeve (22), a column cap (4) which is slidably connected with the secondary sleeve (22) is arranged on the uppermost elastic yielding device (7), and a mechanical pressure indicator is arranged in the column cap (4).
  4. 4. The roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting device for coal mining without coal pillars in the coal mine, which is characterized in that the spring buffer base (6) comprises a workbench (61) sleeved outside the hydraulic upright post (5), the upper part of the workbench (61) is fixed with the lower end face of the secondary sleeve (22), three supporting rods (62) which are uniformly distributed are vertically arranged below the workbench (61) along the circumferential direction, and the upper end of each supporting rod (62) is rotatably connected with the bottom of the workbench (61); the hydraulic support is characterized in that a base (63) sleeved on the outer side of the hydraulic upright (5) is coaxially arranged below the workbench (61), a buffer spring (64) is arranged between the base (63) and the workbench (61), the buffer spring (64) is sleeved on the outer side of the hydraulic upright (5), a first connecting plate (65) is arranged between the base (63) and each supporting rod (62), one end of the first connecting plate (65) is rotatably connected with the base (63), and the other end of the first connecting plate (65) is rotatably connected with the supporting rods (62).
  5. 5. The roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting device for coal mining without coal pillars in a coal mine, which is characterized in that three vertical wedge-shaped inclined grooves are uniformly formed in the inner wall of a primary sleeve (21) along the circumferential direction, the depth of each wedge-shaped inclined groove increases gradually from top to bottom, the wedge-shaped inclined grooves are positioned at the upper end of the primary sleeve (21) and are half of the length of the primary sleeve (21), supporting rods (62) are in one-to-one correspondence with the wedge-shaped inclined grooves, and a spring buffering base (6) moves up and down along the vertical direction of the wedge-shaped inclined grooves.
  6. 6. The roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting device for coal mining without coal pillars in the coal mine is characterized in that the elastic yielding device (7) comprises a yielding base (71), wherein the interior of the yielding base (71) is of a hollow structure, a pressure-bearing block (72) is slidably arranged above the yielding base (71), and a plurality of high-elasticity spring pieces (73) are sleeved at the joint of the pressure-bearing block (72) and the yielding base (71); The lower end of the yielding base (71) is connected with the pressure-bearing block (72) in the elastic yielding device (7) below the lower end of the yielding base; Three evenly distributed pressure dividing plates (74) are vertically arranged outside the pressure yielding base (71) along the circumferential direction, a second connecting plate (75) is arranged between the upper end of the pressure yielding base (71) and the pressure dividing plates (74), one end of the second connecting plate (75) is rotationally connected with the pressure yielding base (71), and the other end of the second connecting plate (75) is rotationally connected with the pressure dividing plates (74); A third connecting plate (76) is arranged between the second connecting plate (75) and the pressure-bearing block (72), one end of the third connecting plate (76) is rotationally connected with the second connecting plate (75), and the other end of the third connecting plate (76) is rotationally connected with the pressure-bearing block (72); a fourth connecting plate (77) is arranged between the lower end of the yielding base (71) and the pressure dividing plate (74), one end of the fourth connecting plate (77) is rotationally connected with the yielding base (71), and the other end of the fourth connecting plate (77) is rotationally connected with the pressure dividing plate (74).
  7. 7. The roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting device for coal mining without coal pillars in a coal mine, which is characterized in that a supporting column is arranged in the center of the secondary sleeve (22), each elastic pressure yielding device (7) is sleeved outside the supporting column in a sliding manner through a pressure yielding base (71), the upper end of the supporting column is connected with the column cap (4), and the lower end of the supporting column is connected with the hydraulic column (5).
  8. 8. The roof-adaptive constant-resistance supporting device for coal mining without coal pillars in a coal mine of claim 7, wherein three vertical rectangular grooves are uniformly formed in the inner wall of the secondary sleeve (22) along the circumferential direction, each pressure dividing plate (74) corresponds to each rectangular groove one by one, and the pressure dividing plates (74) move horizontally along the radial direction of the secondary sleeve (22).
  9. 9. A method for self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting of a roof for coal mining without coal pillars, which adopts the self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting equipment for the roof for coal mining without coal pillars according to any one of claims 1-8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, in normal bearing, the hydraulic upright post (5) and the elastic yielding device (7) provide huge static friction force for the supporting top plate (12) to support the pressure of the roadway top plate, and the multistage sleeve-type yielding upright post (2) is in rigid support; S2, when the roof board is pressed/sunk, when the mechanical pressure indicator detects that the pressure of the roof board of the roadway exceeds a preset constant resistance threshold value, an electric signal is transmitted to the hydraulic upright post (5), and a pressure release valve of the hydraulic upright post (5) is controlled to be opened, so that the hydraulic upright post (5) enters a follow-up telescopic state; under the action of roadway roof pressing, the supporting roof (12) applies downward pressure to the column cap (4) to drive the elastic pressure yielding device (7) and the secondary sleeve (22) to slide downwards, the secondary sleeve (22) applies downward pressure to the workbench (61), and the workbench (61) moves downwards after being stressed, so that load is transferred to the buffer spring (64) and the supporting rod (62); S3, a reset function is that after the pressure of the roadway top plate is reduced, the hydraulic upright post (5), the elastic yielding device (7) and the spring buffer base (6) push the secondary sleeve (22) back to the original position, so that recycling is realized.

Description

Roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting equipment and method for coal mine non-coal pillar exploitation Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of non-coal pillar mining and roadway surrounding rock control, and particularly relates to roof self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting equipment and method for coal mine non-coal pillar mining. Background In the field of coal mining without coal pillars, the core working mode of the constant-resistance support can be summarized as that the support is adapted to the movement of surrounding rock through controllable sliding or deformation after the support load reaches the preset working resistance. During this process, the support body continues to provide a substantially constant supporting force for the surrounding rock, thereby avoiding damage due to excessive stress. The constant-resistance support is cooperated with the surrounding rock in a 'hardness and softness combined' mode, so that the surrounding rock is allowed to deform moderately and simultaneously stable support is maintained, and finally the supporting structure and the surrounding rock bear together. In practical application of coal mine non-pillar mining, although the traditional rigid support has larger supporting strength, the pressure-bearing capacity is obviously insufficient, and the energy released in the deformation process of the surrounding rock of the roadway is difficult to be effectively absorbed and released, so that stress concentration is easy to cause, and bias damage is further caused. In addition, when roof comes to press suddenly, load increases suddenly, current supporting equipment often is difficult to in time respond, and the relief valve is unable to normally open the release because of self quality problem or by impurity jam such as buggy, rust, and the internal pressure of pillar just can rise suddenly, finally leads to pillar expansion cylinder, deformation even burst, and the complete support ability that loses. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a roof adaptive constant-resistance supporting device and a method for coal mining without coal pillars, so as to solve the problems in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The self-adaptive constant-resistance supporting equipment for the roof for coal mining without coal pillars comprises a supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame consists of a supporting bottom plate, a supporting top plate and supporting side plates, and two ends of each supporting side plate are respectively connected with the supporting bottom plate and the supporting top plate in a rotating way; Four multistage sleeve-type yielding columns are arranged between the supporting bottom plate and the supporting top plate and are respectively connected to the supporting bottom plate and the four corner positions of the supporting top plate. Further, preferably, the upper part of the supporting top plate is contacted with the roadway top plate, and the lower part of the supporting bottom plate is contacted with the roadway bottom plate; The tops of the four multi-stage sleeve type yielding columns are rotationally connected with the lower part of the supporting top plate, spherical hinging bases are arranged at the bottoms of the four multi-stage sleeve type yielding columns, and the bottoms of the spherical hinging bases are hinged with the upper part of the supporting bottom plate. Further, preferably, the multistage sleeve type yielding upright post comprises a first-stage sleeve fixed above the spherical hinged base, a second-stage sleeve is coaxially embedded and slidingly arranged in the first-stage sleeve, and a sealing buffer ring is arranged between the upper end of the first-stage sleeve and the second-stage sleeve; The hydraulic pipe comprises a spherical hinged base, a first-stage sleeve, a spring buffer base, a second-stage sleeve and a hydraulic pipe, wherein a hydraulic column is coaxially arranged in the first-stage sleeve, the bottom of the hydraulic column is fixed with the upper end face of the spherical hinged base; the inside of the secondary sleeve is coaxially provided with a plurality of elastic yielding devices, the elastic yielding device positioned at the uppermost part is provided with a column cap which is in sliding connection with the secondary sleeve, and a mechanical pressure indicator is arranged in the column cap. Further, as preferable, the spring buffer base comprises a workbench sleeved on the outer side of the hydraulic upright post, wherein the upper part of the workbench is fixed with the lower end surface of the secondary sleeve, three supporting rods which are uniformly distributed are vertically arranged below the workbench along the circumferential direction, and the upper ends of the supporting rods are rotationally connected with the bottom of the workbench; The hydraulic support is characterized in that a base station sleeved on the outer side of the hydraulic uprigh