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CN-122014316-A - Device and method for regulating and controlling opening of air valve for limiting flow and smoke exhaust of tunnel fire

CN122014316ACN 122014316 ACN122014316 ACN 122014316ACN-122014316-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for regulating the opening of a valve for limiting the flow of smoke in a tunnel fire and discharging smoke, wherein the inner wall of the top of a tunnel main body is provided with a plurality of smoke discharge ports, the interior of the tunnel main body is provided with a plurality of smoke circulation air channels, the smoke circulation air channels are positioned at the top of the smoke discharge ports and are communicated with the smoke discharge ports, the inner walls of the two sides of the smoke discharge channels in the middle position in the tunnel main body are provided with a plurality of regulating air valve clamping grooves, the regulating air valve clamping grooves are communicated with the smoke circulation air channels, the interior of a smoke regulating air valve fixedly arranged in the regulating air valve clamping grooves is provided with a regulating component for controlling the opening of the air valve, the whole regulating device is based on a 'smoke limiting flow regulating' theory, the flow is accurately distributed according to a negative pressure attenuation equation, the nearest smoke discharge port air valve of a fire source is started, and only a necessary air valve is opened, so that the problems of lack of a traditional theoretical method for regulating the opening of the air valve and poor sealing performance of the air valve device are solved.

Inventors

  • ZHU DAIQIANG
  • XU PAI
  • CHEN KEYU
  • LIU YIXIAN
  • CHEN KAI
  • XING RONGJUN

Assignees

  • 重庆交通大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260118

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A flue gas outlet channel (5) arranged at the middle position inside a tunnel main body (1), a plurality of flue gas outlet ports (13) communicated with the flue gas outlet channel (5) and arranged at the top of the tunnel main body (1) and a plurality of regulating air valve clamping grooves (11) uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the flue gas outlet channel (5), a flue gas regulating air valve (4) is fixedly arranged inside the regulating air valve clamping grooves (11), an adjusting component for controlling the opening of the air valve is arranged inside the flue gas regulating air valve (4), the adjusting component comprises a rotating shaft (38) which rotates to penetrate through the flue gas regulating air valve (4), a rotating sealing plate (25) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (38), a servo motor (37) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the top of the flue gas regulating air valve (4), a spur gear I (31) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the output shaft of the servo motor (37), a spur gear (4) is slidably connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the regulating air valve (4), a spur gear I (35) is fixedly meshed with the rack I (31) and a rack I (32) and a rack I (35) which are fixedly meshed with the inner wall of the flue gas regulating air valve (29), be provided with same compression spring (30) between fixed block (29) and rack (35), compression spring (30) both ends are all fixed with fixed block (29) one side and rack (35) one end mutually through the spring holder, flue gas regulation blast gate (4) inner wall is connected with lead screw (36) through the bearing frame rotation, lead screw (36) outer wall fixed cover is equipped with spur gear II (34), spur gear II (34) meshes with half gear II (33) mutually, sliding connection has same connecting plate (28) between flue gas regulation blast gate (4) both sides inner wall, equal fixed mounting in connecting plate (28) top both sides has spacing strip shaped plate (26), two strip shaped hole II (27) have been seted up to flue gas regulation blast gate (4) inside, spacing strip shaped plate (26) top slip runs through strip shaped hole II (27), spacing strip shaped plate (26) side is inconsistent with the side of rotating closing plate (25), lead screw (36) screw thread runs through connecting plate (28).
  2. 2. The device for regulating the opening of the air valve for discharging smoke at the limiting flow rate of tunnel fire disaster according to claim 1, wherein the inner walls of two sides of the smoke regulating air valve (4) are fixedly provided with fixed stop blocks (39), the two fixed stop blocks (39) are arranged in a central symmetry manner and are respectively positioned at two sides of the rotary sealing plate (25), rubber blocks (40) are fixedly arranged at two ends of the rotary sealing plate (25), a plurality of arc grooves (41) are formed in one side of the rubber blocks (40), a plurality of arc protrusions (42) are fixedly arranged on the inner walls of one side of the fixed stop blocks (39), and the arc protrusions (42) are matched with the arc grooves (41).
  3. 3. The device for regulating the opening of the air valve for discharging smoke at the limiting flow rate of tunnel fire disaster according to claim 1, wherein a collecting assembly for collecting dust is arranged on one side of the bottom of the smoke discharging channel (5), the collecting assembly comprises a dust discharging hole (7) formed in one side of the bottom of the smoke discharging channel (5), a dust discharging channel (9) communicated with the bottom of the dust discharging hole (7) is formed in the bottom of the dust discharging channel (9), a rectangular hole (10) is formed in the bottom of the dust discharging channel (9), a dust collecting box (6) is arranged in the rectangular hole (10), side door plates (2) are hinged to two sides of the rectangular hole (10), a strip-shaped hole I (8) communicated with the inner wall of the top of the dust discharging hole (7) is formed, an electric push rod (18) is fixedly arranged on one side inner wall of the strip-shaped hole I (8), a sliding block (19) is connected to the inner wall of the strip-shaped hole I (8), a sealing block (20) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the sliding block (19), the sealing block (20) seals the dust discharging hole (7), and a piston rod of the electric push rod is fixedly connected with one side of the sliding block (19), and the inner wall of the bottom of the smoke discharging channel (5) is inclined.
  4. 4. The device for regulating and controlling the opening of the air valve for limiting the flow and discharging smoke of the tunnel fire disaster according to claim 1, wherein a mounting frame (15) is fixedly arranged at one end of the smoke discharging channel (5), a smoke discharging fan (23) is fixedly arranged in the mounting frame (15), and a filter screen (22) is detachably connected to one side of the mounting frame (15) through a plurality of screws.
  5. 5. A method for regulating and controlling the opening of an air valve based on the device for regulating and controlling the opening of an air valve for discharging smoke at the limit flow rate of fire disaster in a tunnel according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: S1, establishing a wind valve opening-local resistance coefficient-flue gas flow velocity database Combining CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation and model test under the influence of smoke discharge air quantity of various tunnel fire scenes to obtain the smoke flow rate and local resistance coefficient of each smoke discharge port under different opening degrees of the air valves, forming a database for calling after fire occurrence, and ensuring that optimal parameters can be quickly called when fire occurs; s2, determining smoke exhaust air quantity and air valve opening sequence According to the monitoring data of a fire temperature sensor (24), a smoke concentration sensor and a wind speed sensor, predicting the maximum fire source heat release rate of an actual fire scene, and calculating the required smoke discharge air quantity; s3, determining the limit flow of each smoke discharge port and the opening of the air valve Judging the maximum volume flow rate of each smoke discharge port and the residual smoke volume flow according to a limit flow regulation theory, calling a database, and determining the opening of each air valve; S4, dynamically adjusting opening and closing sequence of air valve And the control unit adjusts the opening and opening sequence of the air valve in real time according to the calculation result, so that the high-efficiency discharge of the smoke is ensured.
  6. 6. The method for regulating and controlling the opening of a damper for limiting flow of smoke discharged from a tunnel fire in accordance with claim 5, wherein the step S1 comprises the following steps: s11, CFD simulation setting and parameterized modeling The method comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a tunnel smoke discharging system by using CFD software, wherein the three-dimensional geometric model comprises a main passage, a smoke discharging channel (5), smoke discharging ports (13) and a smoke adjusting air valve (4), discretizing the opening theta i of the air valve within the range of 0 to pi/2 radians (an interval of every 0.1 radian), and simulating the smoke flow rate and local resistance coefficient of each smoke discharging port under different openings; S12, model test verification and data calibration Setting up a reduced scale tunnel model in a laboratory, using a hot wire anemometer and a pressure sensor to actually measure the flue gas flow velocity and resistance coefficient under different air valve openings, adopting a standard burner to simulate a test fire source to ensure consistency with CFD simulation conditions, comparing test results with CFD simulation data, correcting the simulation model through error analysis, and improving the reliability of a database; S13, database construction and structured storage The method comprises the steps of adopting a relational database, integrating a table field comprising the opening degree theta i of a blast valve, the position i of a smoke discharge port, the flow rates v se,i and v sd,i of smoke, local resistance coefficients ζ se,i and ζ sd,i and corresponding fire scene parameters (fire source heat release rate Q, ambient temperature T a and ambient wind speed v a ) into a control unit, and supporting real-time query.
  7. 7. The method for regulating and controlling the opening of a damper for limiting the flow of smoke discharged by a tunnel fire disaster as set forth in claim 5, wherein the step S2 specifically includes the steps of: s21, multi-sensor data acquisition and fusion The fire temperature sensor (24), the smoke concentration sensor and the wind speed sensor are distributed in the main passage, the sensors are distributed in an array form to cover a possible fire source area, the sampling frequency is more than or equal to 1Hz, and the real-time performance is ensured; S22, predicting fire source parameters and calculating smoke discharge air quantity Estimating the heat release rate by using an empirical model or a machine learning algorithm and combining real-time sensor data to predict the maximum heat release rate of the fire source; s23, preliminary determination of air valve opening sequence Based on the limiting flow regulation mode, the air valve of the smoke discharge port closest to the fire source is preferentially opened, and then the smoke is sequentially expanded downstream, and the sequence decision considers the release amount and the diffusion speed of the smoke.
  8. 8. The method for regulating and controlling the opening of a damper for limiting flow of smoke discharged from a tunnel fire in claim 5, wherein the step S3 comprises the following steps: S31, determining limit flow regulation principle Smoke is discharged from the smoke discharge port closest to the fire source preferentially, and the rest smoke is discharged from the next group of smoke discharge ports, and the like, and the flow distribution principle is called a smoke limit flow regulation mode under the action of a blast gate, namely: (1) The above shows that the mass flow m se,i of the smoke to be discharged at the smoke discharge port of the i group is equal to the mass flow m s,i-1 of the residual smoke at the smoke discharge port of the i-1 group; and converting the mass flow into the volume flow for calculation, wherein the volume flow V se,i of the smoke needing to be discharged at the ith smoke outlet and the volume flow V s,i-1 of the residual smoke at the ith-1 group of smoke outlets meet the following relation: (2) If the volume flow V s,i-1 of the residual smoke at the i-1 group smoke discharge port and the volume flow V se,i of the smoke required to be discharged at the i-1 group smoke discharge port meet the above requirements, the smoke in the smoke discharge port section is just discharged completely, otherwise, if the actual smoke mass flow of the i-group smoke discharge port does not meet the requirements, the smoke still needs to be discharged to the next group smoke discharge port, wherein ρ s,i-1 and T s,i-1 are the density and the temperature of the residual smoke at the i-1 group smoke discharge port respectively, and ρ se,i and T se,i are the density and the temperature of the smoke discharged at the i-group smoke discharge port respectively; In the smoke limit flow regulation mode in the formula (2), the smoke volume flow V se,i discharged by each smoke discharge port can be solved according to parameters such as the smoke discharge air volume V f of the smoke discharge fan, the opening degree theta i of the smoke discharge port air valve, the opening number n and the like, namely: (3) s32, solving opening degree of air valve of smoke discharge port For the relation between the volume flow V se,i of the flue gas discharged from each flue gas discharge port and the air valve angle theta i , according to the relation between the opening direction of the air valve and the smoke flow direction, the following are: (4) wherein a is the length of a smoke discharge port, h is the height of an air valve; For the relation between the volume flow V se,i of the discharged smoke of each smoke discharge port and the smoke discharge air volume V f of the smoke discharge fan, according to the negative pressure attenuation rule on the longitudinal length of the smoke discharge channel, based on the hydrodynamics theory, the method comprises the following steps: (5) Wherein P x is negative pressure at position x in the smoke exhaust channel, P f is negative pressure of the smoke exhaust fan, lambda sd is a resistance coefficient along the smoke exhaust channel, zeta l is a local resistance coefficient of the smoke exhaust channel in unit length, D sd is equivalent diameter of the smoke exhaust channel, rho s is smoke density in the smoke exhaust channel, and v f is smoke flow speed at the smoke exhaust fan; Wherein, the local resistance coefficient ζ l of the smoke exhaust channel passage in unit length is related to the local resistance coefficient ζ sd,i of the smoke exhaust port passage, and the local resistance coefficient of the smoke exhaust port passage is a function of the flow rate ratio and the opening degree of the air valve, namely: (6) , Thus, by simultaneous solution, the smoke flow velocity v se,i at any damper opening θ i can be obtained as: (7) Therefore, the valve opening of the given flue gas volume flow discharged from the flue gas discharge port can be solved by determining the values of the channel resistance coefficients ζ l of the flue gas discharge channels in unit length under different valve openings theta i ; S33, determining the limiting flow of each smoke discharge port and the opening of the air valve S331, regarding the volume flow V se,1 of the flue gas discharged by the group 1 flue gas discharge port, the volume flow V is equal to the maximum volume flow rate which can be achieved by the flue gas discharge port, which is the problem of the minimum value; S332, regarding the volume flow V se,2 of the smoke discharged from the smoke discharge port of the group 2, considering the residual flow of the smoke in the tunnel passing through the smoke discharge port of the group 1 and not discharged from the tunnel; s333, for the smoke exhaust port of the 3 rd group, the residual flow is controlled according to the mode of the 2 nd group, and the rest groups are the same. When all the smoke can be effectively discharged from the front smoke discharge port, the rear smoke discharge port should be closed in order to reduce the smoke energy loss.
  9. 9. The method for controlling the opening of a damper for limiting flow of smoke discharged from a tunnel fire as set forth in claim 5, wherein the step S331 is specifically performed by Then Determining the maximum value by adopting a derivative method; (8) Order the If in In the case that there are multiple solutions in the range, the following steps are performed: a. Validating the obtained solution On both sides When in its left neighborhood And right neighborhood When it is the maximum possible; b. Verifying endpoint value when , When (1) , ; C. Comparing the magnitude of the function value and the end point value of the obtained solution when Then The maximum flow of the smoke discharge port of the 1 st group is set, and the same is done otherwise; From this, the volume flow V se,1 of the smoke discharged from the 1 st group of smoke discharge ports under the control of the limiting flow mode and the corresponding air valve opening theta 1 are obtained; The step S332 specifically includes: (9) Wherein V se is the total volume flow of the flue gas generated by the fire source, and V ρ,12 is the volume flow of entrainment flue gas caused by density difference between the group 1 and group 2 flue gas discharge ports due to temperature decay. In this case, the maximum volumetric flow rate of the 2 nd group of flue gas discharge ports still needs to be determined, so the maximum volumetric flow rate V se,2,max of the 2 nd group and the corresponding air valve opening degree θ 2,max are also obtained according to the method of obtaining the maximum value, but it needs to be determined whether the remaining flue gas can be completely discharged; a. When V se,2 ＞V se,2,max is reached, the maximum volume flow of the smoke discharge ports of the group 2 still cannot discharge all the residual smoke, the smoke discharge ports of the group 3 at the downstream are required to continue discharging smoke, and the opening degree theta 2,max of the air valve corresponding to the maximum volume flow V se,2,max of the group 2 is required to be taken; b. When V se,2 ≤V se,2,max is adopted, the smoke discharge port of the group 2 is enough to discharge all the residual smoke, and the opening degree theta 2 of the air valve corresponding to the residual volume flow V se,2 of the group 2 is adopted.
  10. 10. The method for regulating and controlling the opening of a damper for limiting the flow of smoke discharged by a tunnel fire disaster as set forth in claim 5, wherein the step S4 specifically includes the steps of: s41, control unit architecture and real-time data processing The control unit adopts a PLC embedded system, processes data flow once per second, and comprises air valve opening feedback, flue gas flow and pressure reading, integrates a database query module, compares the target volume flow V se,i with an actual value in real time, and generates an adjustment instruction; S42, control algorithm optimization The PID control algorithm or the fuzzy control algorithm is adopted to optimize the air valve adjusting process, the control unit supports mode switching, the PID is used for guaranteeing stability in case of small fire, and the fuzzy control is switched for enhancing adaptability in case of large fire; S43, control unit architecture and real-time data processing And monitoring the smoke stock of each smoke discharge port, if the ith group of smoke discharge ports cannot process the residual flow, automatically opening the (i+1) th group of air valves, and otherwise, closing the downstream air valves to reduce energy loss.

Description

Device and method for regulating and controlling opening of air valve for limiting flow and smoke exhaust of tunnel fire Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel fire smoke discharge, and particularly relates to a device and a method for regulating and controlling the opening of an air valve for limiting flow smoke discharge of tunnel fire, which are used for improving the smoke discharge efficiency of a tunnel transverse smoke discharge system and improving the fire smoke control capability. Background Tunnel construction brings great convenience to traffic, but the fire safety problem of the tunnel is also increasingly prominent. When a fire disaster occurs in a tunnel, high-temperature toxic smoke is not easy to discharge due to poor smoke discharging and heat dissipating conditions, traffic jam is easy to cause and serious casualties are caused. Therefore, a smoke evacuation system is required to be arranged in the tunnel. At present, a transverse smoke discharging system is widely applied in actual engineering, and smoke is discharged from a smoke discharge port through negative pressure generated by a smoke discharging fan. However, the negative pressure generated by the smoke exhaust fan is continuously attenuated along the longitudinal direction, so that the negative pressure gradients at the positions of different smoke exhaust ports are different, the flow distribution of each smoke exhaust port is unbalanced, the suction force of the smoke exhaust port near a fire source is insufficient, and the smoke exhaust efficiency is influenced due to excessive air mixing of the smoke exhaust port at a distance. The air valve is additionally arranged at the smoke discharge port, the smoke flow of different smoke discharge ports is reasonably distributed by utilizing the dynamic adjusting function of the opening of the air valve, and more smoke is discharged from the smoke discharge ports near the fire source in time, so that an effective way of high-efficiency smoke discharging effect is achieved. At present, the air valve for the tunnel smoke exhaust has a plurality of defects in practical application, and the performance of the air valve directly influences the smoke exhaust effect. Firstly, lacking a theoretical method for regulating and controlling the flow of the flue gas, the flow of the flue gas discharged from a flue gas discharge port near a fire source cannot be maximized, and the flue gas is difficult to ensure that the flue gas is discharged from a tunnel in a short distance and high efficiency. Secondly, the air valve opening degree adjustment precision is insufficient, the smoke discharge flow is difficult to accurately adjust and control according to different stages of fire development and smoke generation amount, and the condition of untimely smoke discharge or excessive smoke discharge is easy to occur. Secondly, sealing performance of the air valve is poor, air leakage is easy to occur under the unopened state, negative pressure attenuation in a smoke exhaust channel is large, suction force at a smoke exhaust opening is insufficient, the overall efficiency of a smoke exhaust system is affected, an effective limiting mechanism is lacked in the opening process, and stability of the state of the air valve after adjustment is difficult to guarantee. Thirdly, the transmission logic of the existing air valve driving mechanism is single, a single power source is adopted to directly drive the valve plate to rotate, clamping stagnation is easy to occur in the adjusting process, orderly actions of firstly unlocking and then adjusting cannot be achieved, and the reliability and stability of air valve adjustment are further affected. Based on the defects of the prior art, a need exists for a device and a method for regulating and controlling a smoke exhaust air valve of a tunnel fire disaster, which can accurately regulate the opening of the air valve according to the high-efficiency smoke exhaust requirement, has good sealing performance and has the functions of automatic plugging and opening and impurity collection. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the invention provides a device and a method for regulating and controlling the opening of a blast gate in order to solve the problems of lack of the conventional theoretical method for regulating and controlling the opening of the blast gate, insufficient regulating precision of the blast gate device and poor sealing performance of the blast gate device. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The utility model provides a tunnel fire limit flow exhaust valve aperture regulation and control device, including seting up the flue gas exhaust passage in the inside intermediate position of tunnel main part, a plurality of flue gas discharge ports have been seted up to the top inner wall of tunnel main part, a plurality of flue gas circulation wind chann