CN-122014322-A - Working face negative pressure ventilation dust-settling method, system and device

CN122014322ACN 122014322 ACN122014322 ACN 122014322ACN-122014322-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underground dust control of coal mines and discloses a working face negative pressure ventilation dust fall method, a working face negative pressure ventilation dust fall system and a working face negative pressure ventilation dust fall device, which comprise the following steps that an intelligent control center obtains real-time traction speed and real-time coordinate position of a coal mining machine through a dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit, and coordinate mapping logic is established according to the real-time coordinate position to calculate the number of a hydraulic support corresponding to the coal mining machine currently; the method comprises the steps of judging the running direction of the coal mining machine according to the positive and negative signs of the real-time traction speed, generating a bracket number set in an activated state at the current moment by combining the preset number of leading pre-dust-collection brackets and the preset number of lagging purifying brackets, sending an instruction to a distributed negative pressure dust collection device array according to the bracket number set in the activated state, and controlling a gas circuit control unit in the bracket number set in the activated state to be started, so that a negative pressure suction and capture area is formed around a drum of the coal mining machine. The invention realizes the accurate capturing and the air quantity adjustment of the mobile dust source as required.

Inventors

ZHAO TIELIN
DU LONGFEI
YANG JIANWEI
QU QIUYANG
JI LEI
HUANG ZIMING
ZHANG TONG
Fan Zimo
WANG QI
ZHANG LIANG

Assignees

中煤科工开采研究院有限公司
天地(榆林)开采工程技术有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20251229

Claims (10)

1. The negative pressure ventilation dust fall method for the working face is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, an intelligent control center acquires data through a dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit, and acquires real-time traction speed of a coal mining machine and real-time coordinate position of a roller center of the coal mining machine, wherein the dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit comprises a dust concentration sensor and an environmental gas sensor; S2, the intelligent control center establishes coordinate mapping logic according to the real-time coordinate position, and calculates the number of the hydraulic support (1) corresponding to the current coal mining machine; S3, the intelligent control center judges the running direction of the coal mining machine according to the positive and negative signs of the real-time traction speed, takes the number of the hydraulic support (1) as a position reference for determining a negative pressure suction and capture area, and dynamically generates a support number set in an activated state at the current moment by combining the number of preset advanced pre-suction supports and the number of preset retarded purification supports; S4, the intelligent control center generates a control instruction according to the support number set in the activated state, sends a signal to the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, controls the air path control units (4) on the hydraulic support (1) in the support number set in the activated state to be in an open and conducting state, and controls the air path control units (4) in the support number set not in the activated state to be in a closed and cutting-off state, and forms a negative pressure suction and capture area which moves along with the drum of the coal mining machine.
2. The working face negative pressure ventilation dust fall method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the calculating the number of the hydraulic support (1) corresponding to the current coal mining machine specifically includes: Establishing a one-dimensional linear coordinate system of a working surface, and setting the effective coverage width of a single hydraulic support (1); acquiring a real-time coordinate position of the center of the drum of the coal mining machine in the one-dimensional linear coordinate system; Calculating the ratio of the real-time coordinate position to the effective coverage width, and performing upward rounding operation on the ratio to obtain a result which is the number of the hydraulic support (1) corresponding to the current coal mining machine.
3. The working face negative pressure ventilation and dust settling method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the dynamically generating the bracket number set in the activated state at the current moment specifically includes: When the real-time traction speed is detected to be greater than zero, the coal mining machine is judged to be in forward running, and the range covered by the bracket number set in the activation state defined at the moment is from the number of the hydraulic bracket (1) serving as a position reference to the number of the hydraulic bracket (1) serving as the position reference minus the number of the lagging purifying bracket to the end of the number of the hydraulic bracket (1) serving as the position reference plus the number of the leading pre-dust-collecting bracket; and when the real-time traction speed is detected to be smaller than zero, the coal mining machine is judged to be in reverse operation, and the range covered by the support number set in the activation state is defined from the beginning of subtracting the number of the advanced pre-dust-collection supports from the number of the hydraulic support (1) serving as a position reference to the end of adding the number of the retarded purification supports to the number of the hydraulic support (1) serving as the position reference.
4. The working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the controlling the air path control unit (4) in the bracket number set not belonging to the activated state to be in the closed cut-off state includes a time delay turn-off logic: The intelligent control center traverses and judges the state instruction of each gas path control unit (4) in each control period, when judging that the state instruction of one gas path control unit (4) is changed from an on-state to an off-state, the intelligent control center controls the gas path control unit (4) to maintain the on-state for a preset delay time, and after the delay time is finished, the closing action is executed, and the delay time is used for sucking residual suspended dust in an area.
5. The working face negative pressure ventilation and dust settling method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the controlling the air path control unit (4) on the hydraulic support (1) in the support number set belonging to the activated state to be in an open and conductive state comprises valve fault redundancy processing logic: when the intelligent control center receives a feedback signal to indicate that one gas circuit control unit (4) fails and cannot execute an opening instruction, the intelligent control center automatically generates a forced opening instruction to control two gas circuit control units (4) adjacent to the failed gas circuit control unit (4) to be in an opening and conducting state.
6. The working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 further comprises multi-source perception data fusion: the intelligent control center executes dynamic spatial filtering based on position sensing according to the support number set in the activated state, and only screens out the dust concentration sensor with the installation position number within the range of the support number set in the activated state as an effective data source; And the intelligent control center acquires a real-time reading set of the effective data source, and performs depolarization value average operation on the real-time reading set, namely, calculates the arithmetic average value of the residual reading after eliminating the maximum value and the minimum value in the real-time reading set, and obtains a fused dust concentration value.
7. The face negative pressure ventilation dust suppression method according to claim 6, wherein the intelligent control center performs air volume adjustment based on the fused dust concentration value: The intelligent control center calculates concentration deviation between the fused dust concentration value and a preset dust concentration safety threshold value; the intelligent control center performs proportional-integral control operation based on the concentration deviation amount to calculate a feedback control component; the intelligent control center executes feedforward control operation based on the absolute value of the real-time traction speed of the coal mining machine, and a feedforward compensation component is calculated; And the intelligent control center superimposes the feedback control component, the feedforward compensation component and the basic air quantity constant to obtain the target operation air quantity of the negative pressure power and the pipe network system, and adjusts the operation frequency of the negative pressure power mechanism according to the target operation air quantity.
8. The working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall method according to claim 1, wherein in the process from the step S1 to the step S4, the intelligent control center performs safety response control in parallel: the intelligent control center monitors the gas concentration and the carbon monoxide concentration acquired by the ambient gas sensor in real time; when the gas concentration or the carbon monoxide concentration is monitored to exceed a preset alarm threshold, the intelligent control center triggers a safety interrupt signal with the highest priority; The intelligent control center controls the negative pressure power and the pipe network system to run at full speed based on the safety interrupt signal so as to output the maximum air discharge quantity, simultaneously locks the air passage control units (4) which are currently in an on-state, and forcedly opens the air passage control units (4) on the preset number of the hydraulic supports (1) adjacent to the front and the rear of the current activation area.
9. A working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall system, characterized in that the working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall system is applied to the working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps: the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array comprises single dust collection assemblies, the number of which is equal to that of the hydraulic supports (1), the single dust collection assemblies are correspondingly arranged on the hydraulic supports (1), and each single dust collection assembly comprises a dust collection cover (2) and an air path control unit (4); The negative pressure power and pipe network system comprises a negative pressure air pipe (3) laid along the length direction of a working surface and a negative pressure power mechanism arranged in a return air lane area, wherein a dust hood (2) is communicated with the negative pressure air pipe (3) through a branch pipe, a gas circuit control unit (4) is used for controlling the on-off of the branch pipe, and the negative pressure power mechanism is used for establishing a negative pressure flow field in the negative pressure air pipe (3); The dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit is used for collecting real-time position data, real-time traction speed and working face environment parameters of the coal mining machine in the working face travelling direction; And the intelligent control center is respectively in communication connection with the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, the negative pressure power and pipe network system and the dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit.
10. The working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall device is characterized by comprising a hydraulic support (1), a dust hood (2), a negative pressure air pipe (3) and an air path control unit (4) for executing the working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall method according to any one of claims 1-8; the dust hood (2) is fixedly arranged in a front end cavity in the top beam of the hydraulic support (1), and an air inlet of the dust hood (2) faces a cutting area on the coal wall side; The input end of the air path control unit (4) is connected with the exhaust port of the dust hood (2), the air path control unit (4) comprises an explosion-proof electric actuating mechanism and a valve body, and the explosion-proof electric actuating mechanism is configured to drive the valve body to act; the negative pressure air pipe (3) is communicated with the output end of the air path control unit (4), and the air path control unit (4) is used for controlling the on-off state between the dust hood (2) and the negative pressure air pipe (3).

Description

Working face negative pressure ventilation dust-settling method, system and device Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of dust control in coal mines, in particular to a working face negative pressure ventilation dust fall method, a system and a device. Background The fully-mechanized coal mining working face is the area with the most serious dust pollution in coal mine production, the roller of the coal mining machine can generate high-concentration dust in the process of cutting coal walls, and the fine particles rapidly diffuse to the working space under the action of ventilation air flow, so that the respiratory health of underground operators is threatened, and the safety risk of coal dust explosion is increased. The negative pressure ventilation dust fall technology utilizes the aerodynamic principle, and constructs a negative pressure flow field through a dust collection port arranged near a dust source, and forcedly sucks dust-containing airflow into dust collection equipment for purification treatment, so that the negative pressure ventilation dust fall technology is an important technical means for controlling the dust diffusion of a fully mechanized mining face and improving the quality of the underground operation environment at present. The existing fully-mechanized mining face negative pressure dust fall system adopts a mode of paving a fixed pipeline on a hydraulic support or installing a dust hood, gathers all dust collection points to a main pipeline through a connecting hose, and provides suction power by utilizing a high-power fan, and the system adopts a full-face opening or control mode based on fixed partitions, namely, during the production of the working face, all dust collection ports on the whole pipeline are opened, or a valve in a specific range is opened according to a preset fixed section, so as to attempt to capture suspended dust by covering a larger space range, and thus the problem of dust source movement caused by continuous change of the position of the coal mining machine is solved. However, the existing negative pressure dust fall technology lacks the capability of tracking the real-time position and the motion state of the coal mining machine, so that the negative pressure suction capturing area cannot keep real-time synchronization with the moving dust producing center, high concentration dust around the cutting drum is escaped due to insufficient suction, meanwhile, a large amount of clean air is sucked when a dust suction port is opened in a non-operation area far away from the coal mining machine, so that non-effective consumption is caused, and limited system negative pressure resources are dispersed, the capturing efficiency of a core dust producing area is reduced, in addition, the existing control system mainly relies on the numerical value of a single sensor to adjust, is easily interfered by water mist or slurry to generate error data in a high-humidity underground environment, the air quantity adjustment is inaccurate, and the system lacks an emergency linkage control mechanism aiming at gas or carbon monoxide concentration exceeding standard, so that effective safety guarantee cannot be provided when burst gas is abnormally accumulated. Therefore, the invention provides a working face negative pressure ventilation dust-settling method, a working face negative pressure ventilation dust-settling system and a working face negative pressure ventilation dust-settling device, which solve the defects in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a working face negative pressure ventilation dust fall method, a working face negative pressure ventilation dust fall system and a working face negative pressure ventilation dust fall device, which solve the problems of low efficiency, high non-efficient energy consumption, delay of air quantity adjustment caused by single sensor data distortion and lack of a targeted safety emergency response mechanism of a fully mechanized mining face mobile dust source. The invention provides a working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall method, which is applied to a working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall system, wherein the working face negative pressure ventilation and dust fall system comprises a distributed negative pressure dust collection device array, a negative pressure power and pipe network system, a dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit and an intelligent control center; the distributed negative pressure dust collection device array comprises a plurality of single dust collection assemblies arranged on a hydraulic support, wherein each single dust collection assembly comprises a gas circuit control unit, and the method comprises the following steps: The intelligent control center acquires data through the dust source tracking and positioning sensing unit, and acquires the real-time traction speed of th