CN-122014701-A - Excavator, quick start and energy recovery system based on three-cavity cylinder

CN122014701ACN 122014701 ACN122014701 ACN 122014701ACN-122014701-A

Abstract

An excavator, a three-cavity cylinder-based quick starting and energy recovery system relates to the technical field of excavators. The system comprises a first hydraulic accumulator, a second hydraulic accumulator, a four-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve provided with a first oil inlet, a first working outlet, a second working outlet and a first oil outlet, a hydraulic pump connected between the first oil inlet and the hydraulic oil tank, a motor connected with the hydraulic pump in a transmission way, a second two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve capable of switching and communicating a first oil return port with the second hydraulic accumulator or the hydraulic oil tank, a two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve connected between the second hydraulic accumulator and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump, a three-cavity cylinder provided with an A1 cavity and an A3 cavity which drive a hydraulic rod to extend and an A2 cavity which drive the hydraulic rod to retract, and a first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve capable of switching and communicating the A3 cavity with the hydraulic oil tank or the first hydraulic accumulator. Wherein the first working outlet is coupled to the A2 cavity. The second working outlet is coupled to the A1 cavity.

Inventors

Zhuo Jikang
CHEN CHENG
LIN TIANLIANG
WU XIA
LIN YICHENG
ZHOU FENGMING
MIAO CHENG
REN HAOLING

Assignees

华侨大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260409

Claims (10)

1. A quick starting and energy recovery system based on a three-cavity cylinder is characterized by comprising a first hydraulic accumulator, a second hydraulic accumulator, a four-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve provided with a first oil inlet, a first working outlet, a second working outlet and a first oil outlet, a hydraulic pump connected between the first oil inlet and the hydraulic oil tank, a motor connected with the hydraulic pump in a transmission manner, a second two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve capable of switching and communicating a first oil return port with the second hydraulic accumulator or the hydraulic oil tank, a two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve connected between the second hydraulic accumulator and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump, a three-cavity cylinder provided with an A1 cavity and an A3 cavity which drive a hydraulic rod to extend and an A2 cavity which drive the hydraulic rod to retract, and a first two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve capable of switching and communicating the A3 cavity with the hydraulic oil tank or the first hydraulic accumulator, wherein the first working outlet is connected with the A2 cavity; the four-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is provided with four communication states, namely a first oil inlet is communicated with a second working outlet, a first oil outlet is communicated with the first working outlet, four interfaces are disconnected, a third state is that the first oil inlet is communicated with the first working outlet and the second working outlet, and the first oil outlet is disconnected; the cross-sectional area of the A2 cavity is smaller than that of the A1 cavity; when the three-cavity cylinder is in quick start, the four-position four-way electromagnetic switch is switched to the state three so that the hydraulic pump is simultaneously communicated with the A1 cavity and the A2 cavity, and therefore differential connection is formed so that the hydraulic rod stretches out more quickly.
2. The three-chamber cylinder-based rapid start and energy recovery system of claim 1, wherein p1 is defined as the pressure of the A2 chamber and p2 is defined as the pressure of the A3 chamber; When the three-cavity cylinder is in a rapid starting working condition that the hydraulic rod stretches out under the no-load state: If p1 is less than or equal to a first preset value and p2 is less than or equal to a second preset value, the first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with the first hydraulic accumulator and an A3 cavity of the three-cavity cylinder for auxiliary oil supplementing; The four-position four-way electromagnetic switch is switched to a state III so that the hydraulic pump is simultaneously communicated with the A1 cavity and the A2 cavity, and therefore differential connection is formed so that the hydraulic rod stretches out more quickly; If p1 is smaller than the pressure of the second hydraulic accumulator, the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve is communicated, so that the second hydraulic accumulator is communicated with the liquid outlet of the hydraulic pump to carry out auxiliary oil supplementing.
3. The three-chamber cylinder based rapid start and energy recovery system of claim 2, wherein when the three-chamber cylinder is in a hydraulic ram extension condition: if p1 is less than or equal to a third preset value and the pressure of the first hydraulic accumulator is greater than a fourth preset value, the first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with the first hydraulic accumulator and an A3 cavity of the three-cavity cylinder to carry out auxiliary oil supplementing; the first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with the first oil outlet and the hydraulic oil tank; The four-position four-way electromagnetic switch is in a first state, so that the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected with the A1 cavity of the three-cavity cylinder, and the A2 cavity is communicated with the first oil outlet; and the two-position two-way electromagnetic directional valve is communicated, so that the second hydraulic accumulator is communicated with the liquid outlet of the hydraulic pump to supplement auxiliary oil.
4. A three chamber cylinder based rapid start and energy recovery system as defined in claim 3 wherein when the three chamber cylinder is in a hydraulic ram retraction condition: if the pressure of the first hydraulic accumulator is less than or equal to a sixth preset value, judging that energy recovery can be performed, and enabling the first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve to be communicated with the first hydraulic accumulator and an A3 cavity of the three-cavity cylinder for oil storage; If the pressure of the second hydraulic accumulator is less than or equal to a sixth preset value, judging that energy recovery can be performed, and enabling the second two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve to be communicated with the A1 cavity and the second hydraulic accumulator for oil storage, otherwise, enabling the second two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve to be communicated with the A1 cavity and the hydraulic oil tank; the four-position four-way electromagnetic switch is switched to a state four, so that the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is communicated with the A2 cavity, and the A1 cavity is communicated with the first oil outlet.
5. The three-chamber cylinder based rapid start and energy recovery system of claim 4, wherein the third preset value is < the fourth preset value; The sixth preset value < the fifth preset value; the first preset value < the fifth preset value < the third preset value; the second preset value < the fourth preset value.
6. The three-chamber cylinder based rapid start and energy recovery system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the four-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve is configured to be in a state two in which four ports are all open when in a closed state of power outage.
7. A three chamber cylinder based rapid start and energy recovery system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the two position two way electromagnetic directional valve is configured to be in an off state when in an off state.
8. The three-chamber cylinder-based rapid start and energy recovery system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve is configured such that the A3 chamber is in communication with the hydraulic tank in a closed state of power outage and the A3 chamber is in communication with the first hydraulic accumulator in an open state of power acquisition; the second two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is configured such that the first oil return port is communicated with the second hydraulic accumulator in a closed state of power failure, and the first oil return port is communicated with the hydraulic oil tank in an open state of power supply.
9. The three chamber cylinder based rapid start and energy recovery system of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a first relief valve, a second relief valve, and a third relief valve; the liquid inlet of the first overflow valve is connected with the liquid outlet of the hydraulic pump; the liquid inlet of the second overflow valve is connected with the liquid outlet of the first hydraulic accumulator; The liquid inlet of the third overflow valve is connected with the liquid outlet of the second hydraulic accumulator, and the liquid outlet of the third overflow valve is connected with the hydraulic oil tank.
10. An excavator comprising a three chamber cylinder based rapid start and energy recovery system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Description

Excavator, quick start and energy recovery system based on three-cavity cylinder Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of excavators, in particular to an excavator and a three-cavity cylinder-based rapid starting and energy recovery system. Background In the field of engineering machinery, an excavator is used as core equipment, and the working performance and the energy efficiency of the excavator directly influence the engineering progress and the operation cost. Currently, when an excavator is used for coping with a heavy load and a complex working condition of high-frequency start-stop, the problem of insufficient response speed of a movable arm system is commonly caused. In the starting stage, the traditional hydraulic driving system needs to build enough pressure for a long time to drive the oil cylinder, so that the initial stage of the action is slow, and the practical requirement of quick response in high-efficiency operation is difficult to meet. In addition, in typical cyclic operations, the excavator generates a significant amount of recoverable potential and kinetic energy as the boom is lowered or the mechanism is braked. However, in conventional systems, this energy is typically converted to thermal energy by throttling or flooding and dissipated, resulting in significant energy waste. The problem of low energy utilization rate directly promotes the fuel oil or electric power consumption of equipment, and increases the use cost of users. The traditional technical scheme has limitations in terms of improving response speed and improving energy recovery efficiency, and is often considered to be different. The slow response speed restricts the operation efficiency, and a large amount of invalid energy loss aggravates the operation cost and the environmental burden, which becomes a key common problem restricting the technical upgrading of the excavator and the green development of the industry. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an excavator, a three-cavity cylinder-based rapid starting and energy recovery system, and aims to improve at least one of the technical problems. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a quick starting and energy recovery system based on a three-cavity cylinder, which comprises a first hydraulic accumulator, a second hydraulic accumulator, a three-cavity cylinder provided with a first oil inlet, a first working outlet, a second working outlet and a first oil outlet, a hydraulic pump connected between the first oil inlet and the hydraulic oil tank, a motor connected with the hydraulic pump in a transmission way, a second two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve capable of switching and communicating a first oil return port with the second hydraulic accumulator or the hydraulic oil tank, a two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve connected between the second hydraulic accumulator and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump, a three-cavity cylinder provided with an A1 cavity, an A3 cavity and an A2 cavity for driving a hydraulic rod to extend and a first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve capable of switching and communicating the A3 cavity with the hydraulic oil tank or the first hydraulic accumulator. Wherein the first working outlet is coupled to the A2 cavity. The second working outlet is coupled to the A1 cavity. The four-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is configured with four communication states. In the first state, the first oil inlet is communicated with the second working outlet, and the first oil outlet is communicated with the first working outlet. And in the second state, the four interfaces are disconnected. And in the third state, the first oil inlet is communicated with the first working outlet and the second working outlet, and the first oil outlet is disconnected. And in the fourth state, the first oil inlet is communicated with the first working outlet, and the first oil outlet is communicated with the second working outlet. The cross-sectional area of the A2 cavity is smaller than the A1 cavity. When the three-cavity cylinder is in quick start, the four-position four-way electromagnetic switch is switched to the state three so that the hydraulic pump is simultaneously communicated with the A1 cavity and the A2 cavity, and therefore differential connection is formed so that the hydraulic rod stretches out more quickly. Define p1 as the pressure of the A2 cavity. p2 is the pressure of the A3 cavity. As a further optimization, when the three-chamber cylinder is in a rapid starting working condition of the extension of the hydraulic rod in a no-load state: if p1 is less than or equal to a first preset value and p2 is less than or equal to a second preset value, the first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with the first hydraulic accumulator and the A3 cavity of the three-cavity cylinder for auxiliary o