CN-122015000-A - Solid-state hydrogen storage tank with integrated radial heat exchange structure, assembly and method thereof

CN122015000ACN 122015000 ACN122015000 ACN 122015000ACN-122015000-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank with a radial porous heat exchange structure, a component and a method thereof, belongs to the technical field of solid-state hydrogen storage devices, and solves the problems of poor radial heat conductivity, slow reaction heat conduction, stress concentration and increased mass transfer resistance caused by alloy pulverization densification of the existing device. The hydrogen storage tank comprises a tank body, a valve and at least one porous heat exchange structure component. The assembly comprises an integrally formed porous heat exchange structure with external fins, wherein a plurality of layers of annular array holes are arranged in the porous heat exchange structure, the diameters of the annular array holes are gradually decreased from outside to inside layer by layer, the diameter of the outermost layer is 9-16% of the diameter of the outer wall, the diameter of the innermost layer is 3-5% of the diameter of the outer wall, the radial heat conductivity coefficient is distributed in a gradient mode, an air guide assembly is arranged in the central through hole, a powder blocking diffusion layer is arranged on the end face of the air guide assembly, and hydrogen storage alloy is filled in the array holes. The structure can promote the hydrogen charging and discharging rate, absorb the stress generated by the volume change of the alloy, and ensure the safety and the service life of the device.

Inventors

WANG LI
LI BAOQUAN
HE XIANGYANG
WEI ZHIHONG
ZHAO YUYUAN
HU XUEJIAO
HAN HONGYUAN
LI JIN
ZHANG XU
BAI JIN
LIU QIANWEN

Assignees

包头稀土研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260327

Claims (10)

1. A solid state hydrogen storage tank comprising a radial porous heat exchange structure, characterized by comprising a tank body (100), a valve (200) and one or more porous heat exchange structure components (300); the tank body (100) is of a cylindrical barrel structure with two open ends; the porous heat exchange structure assembly (300) is arranged inside the tank body (100); the porous heat exchange structure assembly (300) comprises a porous heat exchange structure (310), an air guide assembly (320) and a powder blocking diffusion layer covering at least one end surface of the porous heat exchange structure (310); The porous heat exchange structure (310) is an integrated porous framework which is independently formed and is composed of high-heat-conductivity metal, the whole body of the porous heat exchange structure is a cylinder unit, a core part of the porous heat exchange structure is provided with a third through hole (312) which axially penetrates through, the peripheral wall of the porous heat exchange structure is provided with a plurality of heat exchange fins (311) which are distributed along the circumferential direction, a framework region between the hole wall of the third through hole (312) and the peripheral wall is provided with a plurality of layers of annular array holes which are distributed along the radial direction, and the annular array holes are formed by encircling the metal wall surface of the framework; The diameter of the outermost annular array holes is 9 to 16 percent of the diameter of the outer wall of the porous heat exchange structure (310), and the diameter of the innermost annular array holes is 3 to 5 percent of the diameter of the outer wall of the porous heat exchange structure (310); The air guide component (320) is arranged in the third through hole (312); the annular array holes and gaps thereof are filled with granular hydrogen storage alloy.
2. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the maximum outer diameter of the heat exchanging fins (311) in a free state is larger than the inner diameter of the tank body (100), and the heat exchanging fins (311) are elastically deformed under pressure and closely attached to the inner wall of the tank body (100) in an assembled state.
3. The solid state hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, wherein the solid state hydrogen storage tank is axially filled with a plurality of the porous heat exchange structure assemblies (300), with axial mounting gaps (370) for hydrogen diffusion remaining between adjacent assemblies.
4. The solid state hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, wherein the gas guide assembly (320) comprises a gas guide spring (321) and a braided sleeve (322) surrounding the gas guide spring (321), and the gas guide assembly (320) is inserted into the third through hole (312) and closely fits the wall of the third through hole (312).
5. The solid hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, wherein the powder-blocking diffusion layer comprises a small-hole metal net (330), a small-hole metal net (340) and a foam metal layer (350) which are sequentially stacked from inside to outside, a plurality of fourth through holes (351) are formed in the edge of the foam metal layer (350), and binding is penetrated through a metal wire (360) to fix the powder-blocking diffusion layer and the porous heat exchange structure (310) into a whole.
6. The solid state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 5, wherein the mesh inscribed circle diameter of the small-pore metal mesh (330) is 0.5mm to 2.5mm, the mesh diameter of the micro-pore metal mesh (340) is 0.016mm to 0.075mm, and the porosity of the foam metal layer (350) is 50% -98%.
7. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein sealing flanges (110) and flange covers (120) are respectively arranged at two ends of the tank body (100), sealing gaskets (140) are arranged between the sealing flanges (110) and the flange covers (120) and are fixedly connected through fastening bolts (130) and fastening nuts (131), the valve (200) is mounted on the flange covers (120), and a filter element (210) is arranged in an internal gas channel of the valve (200).
8. A method of preparing a solid state hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that the solid state hydrogen storage tank is a solid state hydrogen storage tank as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising the steps of: s1, providing the integrally formed porous heat exchange structure (310); s2, inserting the air guide assembly (320) into the third through hole (312); s3, arranging a powder-blocking diffusion layer on at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure (310) and fixing the powder-blocking diffusion layer; s4, filling granular hydrogen storage alloy into annular array holes and gaps of the porous heat exchange structure (310); s5, loading at least one porous heat exchange structure assembly (300) filled with alloy into a tank body (100), so that the heat exchange fins (311) are tightly attached to the inner wall of the tank body (100); s6, sealing the tank body (100) and installing the valve (200).
9. Use of a solid state hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-7 in hydrogen storage, the use comprising the step of charging the solid state hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen at a constant temperature environment of 5-25 ℃ and a hydrogen pressure of 2-5 mpa.
10. A porous heat exchange structure assembly for a solid state hydrogen storage tank, comprising: A porous heat exchange structure (310) which is an independently formed modularized porous cylinder unit and is provided with a third through hole (312) penetrating axially, a plurality of heat exchange fins (311) arranged on the outer wall and a plurality of layers of annular array holes arranged between the outer wall and the walls of the third through hole (312); The diameter of the outermost annular array holes is 9 to 16 percent of the diameter of the outer wall of the porous heat exchange structure (310), and the diameter of the innermost annular array holes is 3 to 5 percent of the diameter of the outer wall of the porous heat exchange structure (310); An air guide assembly (320) disposed within the third through-hole (312); a powder-blocking diffusion layer covering at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure (310); And the granular hydrogen storage alloy is filled in the holes of the annular array and gaps of the holes.

Description

Solid-state hydrogen storage tank with integrated radial heat exchange structure, assembly and method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of solid-state hydrogen storage devices, in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank with an integrated radial heat exchange structure, and an assembly and a method thereof. Background The hydrogen is used as a clean energy source with high heat value, the combustion heat value is three times that of gasoline, and the safe and efficient storage and transportation are key to realizing the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. The solid-state hydrogen storage technology utilizes the reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics of the hydrogen storage alloy, has obvious advantages in the aspects of volume hydrogen storage density and operation safety, has low operation pressure and adjustable type and size, has good adaptability to hydrogen production and hydrogen utilization ends, has been widely applied in the fields of distributed power generation, mobile traffic and the like, and is an important current hydrogen storage development direction. In solid-state hydrogen storage devices, the hydrogen storage alloy is accompanied by a strong exothermic or endothermic effect in the process of hydrogen absorption and desorption, and the particle or powder form of the hydrogen storage alloy leads to extremely low heat conductivity of the bed body. The prior art is directed to enhancing heat transfer by optimizing the internal structure of the vessel. For example, patent CN214663668U improves heat exchange by providing W-shaped filter plates between alloy beds, patent CN111195808a adopts a layered design, and restricts the alloy beds between heat exchange water pipes and foam copper discs for forced heat exchange. However, these solutions essentially add heat exchange structures or split layers to the longitudinal direction of the vessel, mainly improving the axial (longitudinal) heat transfer. Such longitudinally dominant designs have inherent limitations that fail to effectively address the significant thermal conduction decay problem of the alloy bed in the radial direction (from the tank wall to the center). Because heat is difficult to be efficiently and radially conducted from the tank wall to the core part of the bed body, the temperature of the core part area is too high during hydrogen absorption, the core part temperature is too low during hydrogen discharge, and the radial heat unbalance severely restricts the overall hydrogen absorption and discharge kinetic rate, so that the method becomes a main bottleneck for improving the working efficiency of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank. In addition, the hydrogen storage alloy can be crushed, pulverized, settled and densified in the cyclic use, so that radial heat conduction is further deteriorated, continuous radial extrusion stress can be generated on the tank body, the long-term use safety is influenced, and meanwhile, the densified powder bed also increases the hydrogen mass transfer resistance. The existing solid-state hydrogen storage tank with the heat exchange structure does not consider the difference of heat distribution of the alloy bed body in the tank body along the radial direction, the overall design is complex, the manufacturing cost is inevitably improved, the complex structure also causes the weight of the solid-state hydrogen storage system to be large, and the hydrogen storage density is reduced, so that the radial heat conduction capacity of the alloy bed body in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is pertinently enhanced, the radial temperature field is balanced, the radial stress caused by pulverization is relieved, and meanwhile, the complexity and the weight of the system are not obviously increased, so that the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is a technical problem to be solved in the art. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a solid-state hydrogen storage tank with an integrated radial heat exchange structure, and an assembly and a method thereof, so as to at least solve the technical problems of uneven heat distribution, accumulation or lack of reaction heat, and increase of hydrogen mass transfer resistance caused by alloy pulverization densification in the bed body due to poor radial heat conductivity of the solid-state hydrogen storage device in the prior art, thereby restricting the hydrogen charging and discharging kinetic rate. In one aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a solid-state hydrogen storage tank comprising a radial porous heat exchange structure, including a tank body, a valve, and one or more porous heat exchange structure components; The tank body is of a cylindrical barrel structure with two open ends; the porous heat exchange structure component is arranged in the tank body; the porous heat exchange struct