CN-122015024-A - Long-distance water supply pipeline leakage detection equipment and method based on wave interference

CN122015024ACN 122015024 ACN122015024 ACN 122015024ACN-122015024-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a long-distance water supply pipeline leakage detection device and method based on wave interference, and belongs to the technical field of water supply pipeline leakage monitoring. The device comprises a central control unit, a plurality of underwater sonar detection devices, a signal processing and communication unit and a pipe wall stress sensing unit, wherein the underwater sonar detection devices at all monitoring points are time-synchronized to perform passive monitoring, continuous noise signals are monitored when leakage occurs, data packet transmission is automatically triggered when the noise amplitude exceeds a threshold value, the central control unit combines acoustic data and stress data to perform preliminary positioning on the leakage points of the pipe and judge leakage risk levels, after preliminary positioning, the monitoring points closest to the area perform active detection, ultrasonic pulses are emitted, reflected waves are generated to be received by the underwater sonar detection devices, interference signals generated by obstacles are removed, and the accurate positions of the leakage points are inverted by delta d. The invention can realize the long-distance and high-precision positioning of the pipeline leakage point.

Inventors

WANG PENGCHONG
LI HEYING
GONG JINGHAO
LIU CHANGKUN
CUI MIAOMIAO

Assignees

山东锋士信息技术有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260330

Claims (9)

1. The long-distance water supply pipeline leakage detection equipment based on wave interference is characterized by comprising a central control unit, a plurality of underwater sonar detection devices arranged on the inner wall of a pipeline to be detected at certain intervals, a signal processing and communication unit connected with the underwater sonar detection devices, and a pipeline wall stress sensing unit arranged in the pipeline; The underwater sonar detection device comprises an acoustic wave transmitting unit, an acoustic wave receiving and storing unit and a clock synchronization module, wherein the acoustic wave transmitting unit generates ultrasonic signals with specific wavelength and frequency through a high-frequency oscillation circuit, and transmits the ultrasonic signals in a fan-shaped wave beam mode in the front and back directions of a pipeline, and the power of the ultrasonic signals is adjustable; The pipe wall stress sensing unit recognizes the pipe wall stress change through a stress sensor and a processing circuit; The signal processing and communication unit comprises an adaptive control module and a communication module, wherein the adaptive control module is internally provided with a fast Fourier transform FFT algorithm and a noise characteristic recognition model, and is used for acquiring a real-time background noise signal, converting a time domain signal into a frequency domain signal through the FFT algorithm, extracting noise amplitude, main frequency and spectrum distribution characteristics, and automatically triggering noise data and stress data packets to be transmitted after comparing the noise amplitude, the main frequency and the spectrum distribution characteristics with a preset threshold value; the communication module realizes signal transmission between the underwater sonar detection devices and the central control unit, and ad hoc network interaction among the underwater sonar detection devices; the central control unit comprises an obstacle three-dimensional modeling and signal correction module, a multi-physical-field fusion analysis module, a leakage position calculation module and a communication module; The multi-physical field fusion analysis module combines the received acoustic data and stress data of each underwater sonar detection device, performs preliminary positioning on pipeline leakage points to determine a suspected area, gives instructions to a plurality of monitoring points closest to the area through the communication module, orders the monitoring points to switch to an active detection mode, and quantifies and generates pipeline leakage risk levels; The barrier three-dimensional modeling and signal correction module performs phase offset processing on the received reflected wave signal by establishing and calling a barrier three-dimensional model, eliminates interference signals generated by the barrier, and only retains effective interference signals of leakage points; The leakage position calculation module precisely calculates the wave path difference delta d of two paths of signals reaching each device by combining a multi-beam cooperative interference calculation method by utilizing the time difference generated from the transmission signal to the receiving of the reflection signal of the effective interference signal, and the precise position of the leakage point is inverted by utilizing the delta d.
2. The long-distance water supply pipeline leakage detection device based on wave interference according to claim 1, wherein the pipeline wall stress sensing unit is arranged at the connection part of the pipeline inner wall and the underwater sonar detection device.
3. The method for detecting the leakage of the long-distance water supply pipeline based on wave interference is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, periodically sending a time synchronization instruction to each monitoring point underwater sonar detection device through a central control unit, and realizing microsecond time synchronization by using a clock synchronization module; s2, all underwater sonar detection devices perform passive monitoring under normal conditions, continuously monitor the acoustic environment in the pipeline, and monitor continuous noise signals of a specific frequency band generated by high-pressure water flow jet and friction from a break when leakage occurs; S3, the self-adaptive control module analyzes the frequency spectrum of the background noise signal in real time, and when the noise amplitude exceeds a threshold value, the self-adaptive control module automatically triggers noise data and stress data packets to be sent; S4, collecting stress data and pipeline pressure data by a leakage noise and pipeline wall stress sensing unit with an accurate time stamp, synchronously uploading the stress data and the pipeline pressure data to a central control unit, and carrying out preliminary suspected region positioning on pipeline leakage points and judging leakage risk grades by the central control unit through a multi-physical-field fusion analysis module and combining acoustic data and the stress data; S5, after preliminary positioning, the central control unit gives instructions to a plurality of monitoring points closest to the area, the monitoring points are ordered to actively detect, the underwater sonar detection devices close to the area sequentially transmit ultrasonic pulses to the suspected area, reflection is generated when the ultrasonic pulses meet leakage points, and the reflected waves are received by the underwater sonar detection devices after a certain time; S6, the central control unit obstacle three-dimensional modeling and signal correction module performs phase offset processing on the received reflected wave signals by establishing and calling an obstacle three-dimensional model, eliminates interference signals generated by the obstacles, and only retains effective interference signals of leakage points; S7, calculating the wave path difference delta d of two paths of signals reaching each device by utilizing the time difference from the signal sending of the equipment to the receiving of the reflected signal and combining a multi-beam cooperative interference calculation method, and inverting the accurate position of the leakage point by utilizing delta d; And S8, visually outputting the calculated accurate coordinates and risk levels of the leakage points, and triggering grading early warning.
4. The method for detecting leakage of long-distance water supply pipeline based on wave interference according to claim 3, wherein the method for determining suspected areas by preliminary positioning of the multi-physical-field fusion analysis module in step S4 is as follows: (1) Performing time domain amplitude, main frequency and frequency spectrum continuity analysis on noise of each node, and screening out abnormal nodes with 2-3 signal amplitudes which are obviously higher than a background threshold value and with frequency spectrum characteristics matched with leakage characteristics; (2) Determining a core node with the maximum signal strength and adjacent abnormal nodes; (3) And (3) taking the core node and the adjacent abnormal nodes as centers, and expanding the areas of 100m and 50m outwards respectively to obtain the leakage preliminary suspected area.
5. The method for detecting leakage of long-distance water supply pipeline based on wave interference according to claim 3, wherein the step of judging the leakage risk level is: (1) Data acquisition and preprocessing The ultrasonic wave interference data, pipe wall stress data and water pressure data of pipeline pressure monitoring points are synchronously acquired, wavelet transformation is adopted for denoising the ultrasonic wave data, and moving average filtering is adopted for denoising the stress and water pressure data, so that abnormal values in all data are removed, and the data effectiveness is ensured; (2) Feature extraction and weight distribution: The leakage sensitive characteristics of three types of data are extracted, the leakage sensitive characteristics are distributed according to the weight coefficient of engineering calibration, omega 1 +ω 2 +ω 3 =1 is satisfied, and the specific weight and sensitive characteristics are as follows: a. The ultrasonic interference data comprise weight omega 1 =0.55, and the sensitive characteristics are amplitude mutation rate delta A/A 0 and main frequency offset delta f/f 0 ; b. Wall stress data, weight omega 2 =0.25, and sensitivity characteristic is stress change rate dσ/dt and stress peak value σmax; c. the water pressure data comprises weight omega 3 =0.20, and the sensitive characteristic is pressure change rate dP/dt and pressure fluctuation amplitude delta P; (3) And (3) quantitatively generating leakage risk levels: constructing a leakage risk index calculation model, substituting the fused characteristic data into the model to obtain a quantized risk index R, and dividing low, medium and high three-level leakage risks according to the R value, wherein the model formula is as follows: , Wherein sigma 0 is the allowable stress of the pipe wall, P 0 is the working pressure of the pipe design, The risk classification standard is that the risk is 0< R <0.3, the risk is 0.3< R <0.7, and the risk is more than or equal to 0.7.
6. The method for detecting leakage of a long-distance water supply pipe based on wave interference according to claim 3, wherein the active detection in step S5 dynamically adjusts the ultrasonic power according to the primarily located distance of the leakage area.
7. The method for detecting leakage of the long-distance water supply pipeline based on wave interference according to claim 3 is characterized in that step S6 firstly builds a high-precision three-dimensional acoustic model of the flange and the valve obstacle in the pipeline through ultrasonic scanning initialized by the system, extracts and stores the acoustic characteristics of the obstacle, and in an active detection stage, the received reflected wave signal and the characteristics of the obstacle are subjected to template matching, the interference signal of the obstacle is accurately identified, then the interference signal is corrected and removed through a phase compensation and amplitude cancellation algorithm, only the effective interference signal of the leakage point is reserved, and the influence of the obstacle on positioning precision is eliminated.
8. The method for detecting leakage of long-distance water supply pipeline based on wave interference according to claim 7, wherein the step of identifying the interference signal of the obstacle is that the characteristic parameters of the reflected wave signal received in the active detection stage are extracted, the characteristic parameters comprise arrival time t, main frequency f, phase phi and amplitude A, template matching is carried out on the characteristic parameters with parameters in an obstacle characteristic database, matching degree S is calculated by adopting a cosine similarity algorithm, and the formula is as follows: , Wherein x i is the eigenvector of the received signal (x i =[t,f,φ,A]);y i is the eigenvector of the obstacle in the database (y i =[t ob,, f ob ,φ ob ,A ob )); The matching degree judgment standard comprises that S is more than or equal to 90%, an obstacle interference signal is judged, S is less than 80%, a leakage point effective reflection signal is judged, when S is 80% <90%, the interference signal is judged if the deviation between the signal source and the obstacle coordinate is less than or equal to 1.0m by combining with the space position verification of the obstacle three-dimensional model, and otherwise, the interference signal is judged to be an effective signal.
9. The method for detecting leakage of long-distance water supply pipe based on wave interference according to claim 3, wherein the calculation process in step S7 is as follows: (1) Two adjacent underwater sonar detection devices A, B around the suspected leakage area are selected as reference nodes, a one-dimensional coordinate system is constructed by taking a device A as a coordinate origin and the extending direction of a pipeline as an X axis, and the coordinates of a device B are (L AB ,0),L AB is the fixed installation interval of the two devices; (2) Single pass propagation distance and wave path difference calculation: According to the propagation speed v of ultrasonic waves in water, calculating a single-pass propagation distance L A 、L B from two reference nodes to a leakage point, and the formula is as follows: L A =(v×t A )/2,L B =(v×t B )/2 calculates the wave path difference delta d from two nodes to the leakage point based on the single-pass propagation distance, and the formula is as follows: ; (3) Calculating the coordinates of the leakage point, namely selecting the detection device A as the origin (0, 0) of the coordinates, calculating the accurate coordinates of the leakage point to set the coordinates of the leakage point P as (X, 0), namely that the X-axis coordinate value is directly equal to the actual length to the point A, According to the geometric relationship |L AB -x|x=Δd, solving to obtain the accurate coordinate x of the leakage point, and the formula is as follows: ; (4) The actual mileage conversion and three-dimensional positioning expansion combination device A corresponds to the actual pipeline mileage, the calculated coordinate x is converted into the actual pipeline mileage of the leakage point, and the accurate positioning of the leakage point of the straight pipe section is completed.

Description

Long-distance water supply pipeline leakage detection equipment and method based on wave interference Technical Field The invention relates to a long-distance water supply pipeline leakage detection device and method based on wave interference, and belongs to the technical field of water supply pipeline leakage monitoring. Background The water supply pipeline is the pulse of modern water resource transportation. However, the leakage problem of the pipeline caused by corrosion, aging, external damage and the like not only causes huge resource waste and economic loss, but also can cause environmental disasters and safety accidents. Therefore, the method has extremely important significance in timely and accurately detecting and positioning the leakage point of the pipeline. At present, common pipeline leakage detection technologies comprise a hearing method and an acoustic detection method. The acoustic detection method particularly utilizes a sound wave or vibration sensor arranged on a pipeline to capture noise generated by leakage, and is an effective means. However, in long-distance pipelines, due to the existence of barriers such as flanges and valves on the pipelines, leakage sound signals are seriously attenuated along with the distance, the signal to noise ratio is reduced, the detection distance of a sensor is limited, the positioning accuracy is insufficient, and a large number of sensors are required to be distributed. In the prior art, point-to-point signal receiving and analyzing are adopted, the deep utilization of the propagation characteristics of sound waves in space is lacking, and large-scale and high-precision synchronous detection is difficult to realize. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a leakage detection technology that can achieve long distance, high accuracy, and adapt to complex pipeline environments, and that has preventive early warning capability. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide equipment and a method for detecting leakage of a long-distance water supply pipeline based on wave interference, which realize long-distance and high-precision positioning of the leakage point of the pipeline. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: The long-distance water supply pipeline leakage detection equipment based on wave interference comprises a central control unit, a plurality of underwater sonar detection devices arranged on the inner wall of a pipeline to be detected at certain intervals, a signal processing and communication unit connected with the underwater sonar detection devices, and a pipeline wall stress sensing unit arranged in the pipeline; The underwater sonar detection device comprises an acoustic wave transmitting unit, an acoustic wave receiving and storing unit and a clock synchronization module, wherein the acoustic wave transmitting unit generates ultrasonic signals with specific wavelength and frequency through a high-frequency oscillation circuit, and transmits the ultrasonic signals in a fan-shaped wave beam mode in the front and back directions of a pipeline, and the power of the ultrasonic signals is adjustable; The pipe wall stress sensing unit recognizes the pipe wall stress change through a stress sensor and a processing circuit; The signal processing and communication unit comprises an adaptive control module and a communication module, wherein a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and a noise characteristic recognition model are built in the adaptive control module; the communication module realizes signal transmission between the underwater sonar detection devices and the central control unit, and ad hoc network interaction among the underwater sonar detection devices; the central control unit comprises an obstacle three-dimensional modeling and signal correction module, a multi-physical-field fusion analysis module, a leakage position calculation module and a communication module; The multi-physical field fusion analysis module combines the received acoustic data and stress data of each underwater sonar detection device, performs preliminary positioning on pipeline leakage points to determine a suspected area, gives instructions to a plurality of monitoring points closest to the area through the communication module, orders the monitoring points to switch to an active detection mode, and quantifies and generates pipeline leakage risk levels; The barrier three-dimensional modeling and signal correction module performs phase offset processing on the received reflected wave signal by establishing and calling a barrier three-dimensional model, eliminates interference signals generated by the barrier, and only retains effective interference signals of leakage points; The leakage position calculation module precisely calculates the wave path difference delta d of two paths of signals reaching each device by combining a multi-bea