CN-122015558-A - Multi-stage vortex-heat conduction composite heat exchanger

CN122015558ACN 122015558 ACN122015558 ACN 122015558ACN-122015558-A

Abstract

The invention provides a multistage vortex-heat conduction composite heat exchanger, which adopts a multistage vortex generating system arranged in series, the system starts from guiding large-scale spiral flow, transits to a longitudinal vortex generating strong shearing action, and finally forms an optimized field synergistic desugared vortex, so that the multistage disturbance is realized, and not only is the heat transfer enhanced, but also solid particles are difficult to stably deposit. The system integrates an advanced on-line monitoring and self-diagnosis system, can estimate critical and unmeasurable scaling thermal resistance on line in real time through a multi-sensor fusion and extended Kalman filtering algorithm, breaks through the limitation that the traditional monitoring can only observe macroscopic parameters, further combines a support vector machine classification model and comprehensive health indexes, realizes early, accurate and quantitative diagnosis of a fault mode, and can trigger a piezoelectric ceramic micro-vibration on-line cleaning maintenance strategy in a linkage manner. The device is particularly suitable for the crude oil conveying working condition of the oil field with high sand content and easy scaling, and can greatly improve the running reliability, economy and intelligent level of the device.

Inventors

LI CHUNFENG
ZHANG XIANGHUA
CHEN ZHILONG
WANG MINGSHUAI
YANG GUOHENG
LI CHUNLAN
WEI HONGJUN
Song Fuhuai
ZHAO XINGXIA

Assignees

兰州恒达石化机械有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260325

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a multistage vortex-heat conduction combined type heat exchanger which characterized in that includes: the shell (1), the shell (1) is of a cylindrical structure, tube plates (2) are arranged at two ends of the shell, a crude oil tangential inlet (11) and a crude oil outlet (12) are arranged on the shell (1), and a shell pass channel is formed; The heat exchange tube bundle (3) consists of a plurality of threaded tubes which are arranged in parallel, and two ends of the heat exchange tube bundle (3) are respectively fixed on tube plates (2) at two ends to form a tube pass channel; the multistage vortex generating assembly is arranged in the shell-side channel and positioned in an inter-tube area of the heat exchange tube bundle (3) and is used for sequentially generating vortices of different scales in the shell-side channel, and the multistage vortex generating assembly comprises a primary spiral flow director (4), a secondary adjustable vortex generator (5) and a tertiary field cooperative enhancer (6) which are sequentially arranged along the fluid direction; The system comprises a shell-side channel, a tube-side channel inlet and outlet temperature sensor, a tube-side channel outlet temperature sensor, a tube-side channel inlet and tube-side channel outlet temperature sensor, an ultrasonic thickness probe arranged in the tube-side channel, an edge computing controller connected with all sensors in a signal mode, and an algorithm model built in the edge computing controller and used for estimating scaling thermal resistance in real time and diagnosing fault types based on sensor data.
2. The multi-stage vortex-heat conducting composite heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the primary spiral deflector (4) comprises a continuous spiral sheet fixedly welded to the inner wall inlet section of the shell (1), the spiral angle of the continuous spiral sheet being 25 ° -35 °, and the length thereof being 10% -20% of the total length of the shell (1).
3. The multi-stage vortex-heat-conducting composite heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the secondary adjustable vortex generator (5) comprises a central shaft rod (51), the central shaft rod (51) is rotatably arranged at the center of the shell (1), a plurality of groups of delta wing vortex generating units (52) are fixedly arranged on the side parts of the central shaft rod (51), the attack angle of the delta wing vortex generating units (52) is adjusted to be 20-50 degrees, and one end of the central shaft rod (51) extends to the outside of the shell (1) and is connected with a driving actuator (53).
4. The multi-stage vortex-heat conducting composite heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the central shaft rod (51) is internally integrated with a piezoelectric ceramic actuator (54), and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (54) is electrically connected with the edge calculation controller and is used for receiving instructions to generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration.
5. The multi-stage vortex-heat conducting composite heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the three-stage field cooperative reinforcement (6) comprises a plurality of elliptic cylinders (61), the elliptic cylinders (61) being welded longitudinally between adjacent heat exchange tube bundles (3), the surfaces of the elliptic cylinders (61) being provided with corrugated fins (62), the corrugated fins (62) having a height that varies in gradient along the fluid direction.
6. The multi-stage vortex-thermally conductive composite heat exchanger of claim 5 wherein the algorithm model in the on-line monitoring and self-diagnostic system performs the steps of: collecting and preprocessing temperature, pressure difference and ultrasonic signals from each sensor; constructing an extended Kalman filtering model taking the outlet temperature and the scaling thermal resistance as state quantities, and estimating the current overall heat transfer coefficient and the scaling thermal resistance on line in real time; Constructing a comprehensive health index based on the estimated scaling heat resistance, the measured pressure drop and the calculated heat transfer efficiency; inputting feature vectors comprising comprehensive health indexes and scaling heat resistance growth rate into a pre-trained support vector machine classification model, and carrying out qualitative fault mode identification; If the scale type fault is identified, the thickness of the scale layer is calculated based on the inversion of the mechanism model, and corresponding maintenance instructions are triggered according to the comprehensive health index threshold and the fault mode.
7. The multiple stage vortex-thermally conductive combination heat exchanger of claim 6 wherein the maintenance instructions include triggering operation of the piezoceramic actuator (54) when the integrated health indicator reaches a first threshold and the failure mode is lightly fouled, and outputting an alarm and suggesting manual descaling when the integrated health indicator reaches a second, higher threshold and the failure mode is severely fouled.
8. The multi-stage vortex-heat conducting composite heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the heat exchange tube bundle (3) is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.
9. The multi-stage vortex-heat conducting composite heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the tangential direction of the tangential inlet (11) of the crude oil coincides with the initial direction of rotation of the primary spiral deflector (4).
10. The multi-stage vortex-thermoconductive composite heat exchanger of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said edge calculation controller is further communicatively connected to a cloud server for uploading performance decay trend data and dynamically optimizing an alarm threshold of said integrated health indicator by a reinforcement learning algorithm.

Description

Multi-stage vortex-heat conduction composite heat exchanger Technical Field The invention relates to the field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a multistage vortex-heat conduction composite heat exchanger. Background The spiral plate type heat exchanger has a certain self-cleaning capability due to the compact structure, high heat transfer efficiency and long-term wide application in the preheating and conveying process of crude oil in an oil field. However, as oil field exploitation goes into mid-to-late stage, the water content of crude oil rises and the associated sediment content also increases significantly, which presents a serious challenge for long-term stable operation of heat exchange equipment. In the prior art, as disclosed in CN104236378A, a spiral plate type heat exchanger vortex and centrifugal sand discharge interface device is characterized in that an independent vortex separation device is additionally arranged in front of a heat exchanger inlet. The device makes crude oil produce the rotation through tangent feeding and inside spiral guiding gutter, utilizes centrifugal force to realize the preliminary separation of oil sand, and the silt of subsidence is collected and periodic discharge by the toper section of thick bamboo of bottom. The main purpose of this design is "anti-blocking", i.e. by pre-treatment, to prevent as much as possible the entry of silt into the core heat exchange area. However, the scheme has the inherent limitations that firstly, the scheme is used as an independent interface device, the flow field and the heat transfer characteristics of the inside of the spiral plate heat exchange channel are not changed, the problem that fine particles which enter the heat exchange channel or sediment which periodically suspend along with the fluctuation of the flow speed cannot be solved, the heat exchange efficiency is attenuated along with the running time still exists, and secondly, the scheme belongs to a passive and intermittent sand discharging mode, relies on gravity sedimentation and periodic manual dirt removal, and the real-time perception and online intervention on the performance of the heat exchanger body in the running process cannot be realized, and more speaking, the prediction of the dirt accumulation state cannot be realized. When the flow rate of crude oil is too low or the composition is changed, sediment still can be slowly deposited in the heat exchange channel, so that the flow area is reduced, the pressure drop is increased, the heat transfer effect is deteriorated, and the crude oil is stopped for physical cleaning until the crude oil is stopped, thereby seriously affecting the production continuity and increasing the maintenance cost. In addition, in addition to the above-described technical routes that focus on inlet separation, there are other common approaches in the art to address fouling of heat exchange surfaces and to enhance heat transfer. For example, corrugated plates, threaded pipes, etc. are used to disturb the flow field, or static mixers are provided. However, these methods tend to provide only a single scale disturbance, which is limited and not adjustable in scale resistance and enhanced heat transfer for high viscosity, multiphase flow crude oil media. The other thinking is to develop an online monitoring system, but the existing monitoring is limited to simple threshold value alarming of macroscopic parameters such as inlet and outlet temperature, pressure and the like, key states (such as actual scale thermal resistance) in equipment cannot be deeply quantized, the diagnosis capability is weak, the false alarm rate is high, and an accurate decision basis cannot be provided for preventive maintenance. In summary, in the prior art, for the problems faced by the crude oil heat exchanger in the oil field, a single strategy of blocking or post-processing is generally adopted, and an active multi-scale flow and heat transfer enhancement mechanism and an intelligent state sensing and decision system based on a model algorithm cannot be integrated and designed. Therefore, how to develop an intelligent heat exchange device which can adapt to the working condition of crude oil, actively inhibit sediment deposition, continuously maintain high-efficiency heat transfer, and can realize real-time insight into the health state of the device and predictive maintenance is a technical problem to be solved in the field. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a multistage vortex-heat conduction composite heat exchanger so as to solve the problems in the prior art. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: The invention provides a multi-stage vortex-heat conduction compound heat exchanger, which comprises: The shell is of a cylindrical structure, tube plates are arranged at two ends of the shell, and a crude oil tangential inlet and a crude oil outlet are formed in the shell to f