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CN-122015603-A - Safe blasting method for deep stratum of saturated zone under low-temperature condition

CN122015603ACN 122015603 ACN122015603 ACN 122015603ACN-122015603-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of safe blasting, in particular to a safe blasting method of a saturated zone deep rock stratum under a low-temperature condition, which comprises the following steps of testing rock mechanical properties of the saturated zone deep rock stratum under the low-temperature environment, and obtaining main mechanical parameters of rock density, wave velocity, porosity and Young modulus under different temperature conditions; based on the test data, a dynamic constitutive model of the saturated belt low-temperature rock under the impact load effect is established, the strain rate and the low-temperature effect are considered, and blasting parameters including explosive types, explosive loading, blast hole arrangement and delay time are optimized according to the dynamic constitutive model. The method is beneficial to engineers to more accurately predict and control the rock breaking behavior in the blasting process, and improves the blasting efficiency and safety.

Inventors

  • HAN LIANGBO
  • ZHANG KUNLIN
  • SUN XINYU
  • QI JIANHUA
  • WEI BO

Assignees

  • 内蒙古瀚石矿山工程有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260313

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A safe blasting method of a saturated zone deep stratum under a low-temperature condition is characterized by comprising the following steps: testing rock mechanical properties of the saturated zone deep rock stratum in a low-temperature environment to obtain main mechanical parameters of rock density, wave velocity, porosity and Young modulus under different temperature conditions; Based on the test data, a dynamic constitutive model of the saturated zone low-temperature rock under the impact load effect is established, and the strain rate and the low-temperature effect are considered; and optimizing blasting parameters including explosive type, explosive loading, blast hole arrangement and delay time according to the dynamic constitutive model.
  2. 2. The method for safely blasting the saturated zone deep rock stratum under the low-temperature condition according to claim 1, wherein the rock mechanical property test comprises the following steps: The method comprises the steps of simulating different low-temperature conditions by using a high-low temperature alternating wet-heat test box, adopting a rock triaxial press to perform uniaxial and triaxial compression tests to obtain compressive strength, shear strength, elastic modulus and poisson ratio of the rock, and using a separated Hopkinson pressure bar test system to perform dynamic impact tests to obtain strain rate, strain and stress time course curves of the rock under the action of impact load.
  3. 3. The method for safely blasting the saturated zone deep rock stratum under the low-temperature condition according to claim 2, wherein the step of establishing the dynamic constitutive model comprises the following steps of: Analyzing deformation characteristics and dynamic performance evolution rules of saturated sandstone samples under different low temperatures and different strain rates, providing quantitative relations between rock mass impact performance and rock mechanical performance based on impact dynamic performance damage coefficients, and constructing a saturated belt low-temperature sandstone dynamic constitutive model considering the strain rates and low-temperature effects.
  4. 4. The method for safely blasting the deep rock stratum with saturated water according to claim 1, wherein the optimized blasting parameters further comprise: and optimizing the blast hole arrangement and delay time by utilizing numerical simulation and field test data, and improving the blasting effect.
  5. 5. The method for safely blasting the deep rock stratum with saturated water under the low-temperature condition according to claim 4, wherein the rock mass explosiveness grading method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the steps of establishing an explosiveness decision information system by adopting a cluster analysis method through multi-index comprehensive judgment, counting wave velocity, wave impedance, strain rate and energy absorption proportion of saturated belt low-temperature rock under different working conditions, obtaining a regression equation of an explosiveness index by utilizing correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, and correcting through field data.
  6. 6. The method for safely blasting the saturated zone deep rock stratum under the low-temperature condition according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of preparing concrete models with different porosities, simulating the saturated zone low-temperature rock with different porosities, performing a uniaxial compression test and an SHPB impact test, and analyzing the influence of the porosities on the rock mechanical characteristics and the damage process: and analyzing the rules of the parameters of the elastic modulus, the peak stress and the critical damage value along with the change of the porosity and the temperature.
  7. 7. The method for safely blasting the saturated zone deep rock stratum under the low-temperature condition according to claim 6, wherein the method for simulating the saturated zone low-temperature rock with different porosities further comprises the following steps of: The porosity of the concrete model is controlled by adjusting the foam volume so as to simulate the rock with different porosities.
  8. 8. The method for safely blasting a saturated zone deep rock stratum under low temperature conditions according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of on-site application and effect evaluation: and according to the field test data, evaluating the blasting effect, verifying and optimizing the blasting parameter model.
  9. 9. The method for safely blasting a saturated zone deep rock stratum under low temperature conditions according to claim 8, wherein the field application and effect evaluation further comprises: recording crack expansion, deformation and crushing conditions in the blasting process by using a high-speed camera and a three-dimensional laser scanner; and counting blasting block distribution through block analysis software, and evaluating blasting breaking degree.
  10. 10. The method for safely blasting the deep rock stratum with saturated water according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of project management and quality control: and establishing a project management and quality control system to ensure project pushing according to the plan and achieve the expected technical and economic indexes and social and economic benefits.

Description

Safe blasting method for deep stratum of saturated zone under low-temperature condition Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of safe blasting, in particular to a safe blasting method of a saturated zone deep stratum under a low-temperature condition. Background China is the third major country of the distribution area of the frozen rock in the world, and the distribution area of the frozen rock accounts for about 75% of the area of the territory, wherein the frozen rock with high altitude is the most in the world. The scale of engineering construction and mineral resource development in the cold areas of China is gradually enlarged year by year. However, the seasonal frozen area is easily affected by freezing and thawing actions caused by temperature differences such as season replacement, day-and-night circulation and the like in the exploitation construction process, and a series of engineering geological disasters are easily caused by dynamic load actions such as mechanical construction, blasting exploitation, seismic disturbance and the like, so that sustainable development of cold area engineering and safe and efficient exploitation of mineral resources are seriously hindered. The frozen rock has larger discreteness and temperature sensitivity, and meanwhile, the dynamic loading has randomness, and sufficient experiments are needed to test the dynamic mechanical properties of the frozen rock. At present, the research on the mechanical properties of frozen rock in China is not enough, particularly the research on the static and dynamic mechanical properties, the explosibility division and the like of low-temperature rock in a water-saturated state is not deep enough, so that the field blasting effect is not ideal, the rock blocking rate is high, and the digging efficiency is low. In low temperature environment, the multiphase medium in the rock pore will change phase, and the mineral particle and matrix shrink on cooling, resulting in significant change in rock mechanical properties. Although scholars at home and abroad have conducted a great deal of researches on the strength and dynamic parameters of frozen rock, the researches on the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock under the freezing effect are relatively less in the aspect of the mechanical property degradation of the rock after the freezing and thawing cycle effect, and especially the dynamic mechanical property research of the frozen rock under the water saturation state is more rare. At present, most blasting technologies used in rock-soil blasting engineering in cold areas are based on empirical formulas under conventional conditions, and the influences of factors such as low temperature, water saturation and the like on rock mechanical properties and blasting effects cannot be fully considered. This results in unreasonable blasting parameter settings and poor blasting effect in actual engineering, and increases construction cost and safety risk. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a safe blasting method for a saturated zone deep stratum under a low-temperature condition so as to solve the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the safe blasting method of the saturated zone deep stratum under the low-temperature condition comprises the following steps: testing rock mechanical properties of the saturated zone deep rock stratum in a low-temperature environment to obtain main mechanical parameters of rock density, wave velocity, porosity and Young modulus under different temperature conditions; Based on the test data, a dynamic constitutive model of the saturated zone low-temperature rock under the impact load effect is established, and the strain rate and the low-temperature effect are considered; and optimizing blasting parameters including explosive type, explosive loading, blast hole arrangement and delay time according to the dynamic constitutive model. Preferably, the rock mechanical property test comprises: The method comprises the steps of simulating different low-temperature conditions by using a high-low temperature alternating wet-heat test box, adopting a rock triaxial press to perform uniaxial and triaxial compression tests to obtain compressive strength, shear strength, elastic modulus and poisson ratio of the rock, and using a separated Hopkinson pressure bar test system to perform dynamic impact tests to obtain strain rate, strain and stress time course curves of the rock under the action of impact load. Preferably, the step of establishing a dynamic constitutive model includes: Analyzing deformation characteristics and dynamic performance evolution rules of saturated sandstone samples under different low temperatures and different strain rates, providing quantitative relations between rock mass impact performance and rock mechanical performance based on impact dynamic performance damage coeffic