CN-122015619-A - Quantitative inspection method and device for meshing phase consistency of duplex planetary gears

CN122015619ACN 122015619 ACN122015619 ACN 122015619ACN-122015619-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantitative inspection method and a quantitative inspection device for meshing phase consistency of duplex planetary gears, and belongs to the technical field of precision gear detection. The method realizes high-precision measurement through an error transfer and compensation principle, namely firstly, a reference conversion device which is the same as the measured gear parameter but has the same theoretical phase, and uses a high-precision instrument to measure the own tiny phase error as a compensation value beta, then, the reference device is placed in a special measuring device, the gear tooth socket is utilized to position, the system indication is adjusted to the beta value through an adjusting meter, the error calibration is completed, finally, the reference conversion device is replaced by a to-be-measured duplex planetary gear, and the value is the actual phase center offset of the gear pair under the same condition, so that the quantitative evaluation is realized. The matched measuring device comprises a base platform, a center positioning bushing, a small/large gear tooth socket positioning piece and a measuring module with a gauge block. The invention converts the space angle error which is difficult to be directly measured into the linear dimension difference which is easy to be measured, solves the industrial problem that the phase consistency of the duplex planetary gear cannot be accurately and quantitatively tested, and has the advantages of advanced measurement principle, high precision and simple and convenient operation.

Inventors

XIN MINGMING
Cui Cunhai
XU YAN
WANG DEXING
WANG JIAMING
LIU JINGWEI
REN WANKAI
LIU YUNPENG

Assignees

中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260225

Claims (10)

1. A quantitative inspection method for meshing phase consistency of duplex planetary gears is characterized in that the method converts relative phase errors of duplex gears into a measurable linear size difference through a high-precision reference conversion device, and realizes direct and quantitative measurement of the phase consistency of the gears to be measured after compensating the errors on a measuring device, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, reference conversion and calibration, namely providing a reference conversion device which comprises a pair of duplicate incomplete gear pairs manufactured according to the requirement that the geometric parameters of the measured duplicate planetary gears are identical and the theoretical phases are identical; s2, measuring system error compensation setting, namely installing the reference conversion device on a positioning base of the measuring device, using a gear positioning mechanism of the measuring device and a duplex incomplete gear in the reference conversion device to be respectively meshed and positioned, installing a measuring module, enabling a gauge block in the measuring module to be in contact with a measuring head of a gauge fixed on the measuring device and generating pre-pressing amount, adjusting the reading of the gauge, enabling pointer indication of the gauge to be accurately aligned with the calibration compensation value beta, and accordingly zeroing the system error of the measuring device; S3, measuring errors of the measured gears, namely removing the measuring module and the reference conversion device, installing the actual duplex planetary gears to be tested on a positioning base of the measuring device in the same mode, reinstalling the measuring module to enable a measuring head of the measuring meter to be in contact with the gauge block again, and reading an indication change value of the measuring meter relative to the zero point position set in the step S2 to be recorded as a measured value gamma, wherein the measured value gamma is the gear tooth phase center offset actually existing between the two gears of the duplex planetary gears to be tested, and the absolute value of the measured value gamma is used for quantitatively representing the consistency degree of the meshing phase.
2. The quantitative inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, the phase consistency error value β of the reference conversion device itself is obtained by: a mechanical datum plane which is precisely parallel to the center plane of one of the large gear datum teeth is arranged on a large gear shaft of the datum conversion device, the normal distance L1 between the center of the small gear datum tooth and the mechanical datum plane and the normal distance L2 between the center of the large gear datum tooth and the mechanical datum plane are measured respectively, and the absolute value of the difference value between the two is calculated, namely beta= |L1-L2|.
3. The quantitative inspection method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method of manufacturing the reference conversion device comprises: The method comprises the steps of respectively machining a pinion shaft and a large gear shaft, machining only a few incomplete tooth shapes for positioning on the pinion shaft, machining a high-precision positioning shaft section on the pinion shaft, machining a positioning hole which is precisely matched with the positioning shaft section on the large gear shaft, assembling the large gear shaft with the positioning hole through the positioning shaft section by taking the center of the designated tooth shape on the pinion shaft as a reference, precisely adjusting by adopting an optical or coordinate measuring method, ensuring that the center of the designated tooth shape on the large gear shaft is coincident with the center of the designated tooth shape on the pinion shaft in a theoretical position, and rigidly locking the two shafts after adjusting in place.
4. A quantitative inspection method according to claim 3, characterized in that a tapered center hole of high precision is machined at both ends of the pinion shaft as a unified process reference and measurement reference in the whole reference conversion device during machining, assembly and use.
5. The quantitative inspection method according to claim 1, wherein a precise cylindrical positioning hole is formed in a positioning base of the measuring device, the diameter d of the precise cylindrical positioning hole is matched with the diameter of a shaft neck selected as a positioning reference on the double planetary gear to be measured, a precise shaft section with the same diameter d is formed on the reference conversion device, and in the steps S2 and S3, the precise shaft section of the reference conversion device or the shaft neck of the gear to be measured is respectively centered through the precise cylindrical positioning hole.
6. The quantitative inspection method according to claim 1, wherein in order to obtain more comprehensive phase consistency information, a plurality of teeth separated by a specific angle in the circumferential direction on the duplex planetary gear are selected as measurement reference teeth, and steps S2 and S3 are repeatedly performed to obtain a set of measurement values γ 1 , γ 2 , γ 3 .
7. An apparatus for carrying out the quantitative test method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: A measuring base platform providing a rigid mounting reference for the whole device; The center positioning mechanism is arranged on the base platform and used for providing radial positioning for the reference conversion device or the duplex planetary gear to be tested, and comprises a precise cylindrical hole or an expandable precise positioning sleeve; The pinion positioning module is fixedly arranged on the base platform and comprises a pinion tooth positioning piece with an involute inner tooth socket, and is used for being meshed with a designated tooth on a smaller gear in the duplex gear to realize circumferential angular positioning of the gear; The meter installation module is fixedly installed on the base platform and comprises a meter positioning piece for providing vertical and horizontal reference surfaces and a meter installed in the meter positioning piece; A detachable measurement module comprising: a measuring base; A large gear tooth positioning piece fixed on the measuring base body and provided with an involute inner tooth socket for being meshed with corresponding teeth on a large gear in the duplex gear; a gauge block fixed on the measuring base body, wherein the working surface of the gauge block, which is contacted with the gauge head, is precisely set in a specific direction passing through the geometric center of the tooth socket of the large tooth positioning piece; When the measuring module is meshed with the gears through the large gear tooth positioning piece and is installed in place, the gauge block is in contact with the measuring head of the gauge, and the reading of the gauge reflects the relative position deviation of the centers of the designated gears of the two gears in the measuring direction.
8. The quantitative test device according to claim 7, wherein the pinion tooth positioning member and the large tooth positioning member are each a single tooth slot or a rack-like structure containing a few teeth, and the tooth profile parameters thereof are completely identical to the corresponding gear parameters of the gear to be tested.
9. The quantitative test device according to claim 7, wherein the central positioning mechanism is a precision cylindrical hole bushing fixed inside the base platform, and the inner hole diameter d of the precision cylindrical hole bushing is in clearance fit with a positioning shaft neck of the duplex planetary gear to be tested, and the fit clearance is smaller than 0.01mm.
10. The quantitative test device according to claim 7, wherein the gauge is a dial gauge or an inductance micrometer, and the axis of the measuring rod, the normal line of the working surface of the gauge block and the center direction of the tooth socket of the large tooth positioning member are parallel or coplanar.

Description

Quantitative inspection method and device for meshing phase consistency of duplex planetary gears Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of precision mechanical measurement and gear detection, and particularly relates to a quantitative inspection method and a special device for meshing phase consistency (also called tooth-to-tooth phase relation) of duplex planetary gears in high-reliability transmission systems of aeroengines, wind power gearboxes and the like. Background The double planetary gear is a core part of a planetary gear transmission system and is generally formed by integrally processing two gears with different tooth numbers and modulus, and the gears are respectively meshed with a sun gear and an inner gear ring. The relative circumferential position between the two gears, i.e. the meshing phase consistency, has a decisive influence on the load distribution, the vibration noise and the fatigue life of the transmission system. Ideally, the centerlines of designated teeth (e.g., the "first tooth" each marked during machining) of the two gears of the duplex gear should be fully coincident in axial projection. However, due to machining errors (such as indexing errors and heat treatment deformation), the actual phases of the two gears must have small deviations. When the planet gears are meshed with the sun gear and the inner gear ring at the same time, the meshing impact of each tooth pair is asynchronous, uneven load distribution is generated, further system vibration is aggravated, noise is increased, and the service lives of the gears and the bearings are obviously reduced. Currently, in industrial production, there is a lack of effective, accurate and quantitative means for checking the phase consistency of a double planetary gear. Common practices include: 1. And (3) visual inspection or magnifying glass inspection, namely, observing the end face of the gear under a projector or a tool microscope, judging whether the two gear tooth grooves are aligned or not through experience, and subjectively and quantitatively judging the result, wherein the accuracy is extremely low. 2. The three-Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) indirectly measures the space coordinates of a plurality of tooth surfaces on two gears respectively, fits the respective central lines through complex mathematical calculation, and calculates the included angles. The method has the advantages of high equipment cost, high environmental requirement, low measurement efficiency, measurement accuracy limited by probe radius compensation and fitting algorithm and large measurement uncertainty for small angle deviation (usually angle grading). 3. Functional pairing test-gears are tested in a simulated transmission system, indirectly assessed by monitoring vibration or strain. The method belongs to post verification, cannot be used for process inspection and screening in the production process, and has high cost. Therefore, a method and a special tool capable of directly, rapidly, quantitatively and highly accurately detecting the meshing phase consistency of the duplex planetary gear are urgently needed in the industry, so that the quality of key parts is effectively controlled, and accurate input data is provided for the optimal design of a transmission system. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior detection technology and provides a quantitative detection method and a quantitative detection device for meshing phase consistency of duplex planetary gears. The method aims at converting the abstract spatial angle deviation which is difficult to directly measure into the linear dimension deviation which is easy to directly read by a conventional measuring tool (such as a dial indicator) through a precise mechanical design and an ingenious error transmission principle, thereby realizing quantitative detection with high precision, high efficiency and low cost. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an innovative technical scheme based on the principle of reference conversion and error compensation. The core inventive concept is that it is extremely difficult to directly measure the spatial included angle (minute angle) of the two gear centerlines. The key of the invention is to design and manufacture a reference conversion device. The device is a pair of 'double incomplete gears' which are completely identical to the geometric parameters (modulus, tooth number and pressure angle) of the tested double planetary gears and have completely aligned phases under ideal conditions. Then, an instrument with higher precision than the final measuring device (such as a high-precision three-coordinate machine or a laser interferometer) is adopted to measure the unavoidable tiny manufacturing error (namely the actual phase deviation of two gears) existing in the reference conversion device, and the error value beta is accurately recorded. Next, the reference device i