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CN-122016170-A - Buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device and test method

CN122016170ACN 122016170 ACN122016170 ACN 122016170ACN-122016170-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device and method, and relates to the technical field of ocean engineering and environmental protection. The device comprises a simulation test unit, a fluid supply unit, a control unit and an observation unit. The simulation test unit comprises a water tank, a sediment containing device and a simulation oil pipeline, wherein the side wall of the pipeline is provided with an oil overflow hole, and the top of the pipeline is provided with an internal threaded hole. The control unit comprises a pneumatic valve, an air compressor and an electromagnetic valve, wherein the pneumatic valve is directly connected to the internal threaded hole in a sealing way through threads, and the electronic control opening and closing of the oil overflow hole is realized. The observation unit adopts a high-speed camera to align with a transparent soil area in the device. The method comprises the steps of model assembly, system connection, simulated oil spill, data acquisition and the like. The invention can simulate the oil spilling process of the buried pipeline with high fidelity, and realize the dynamic and accurate control of the leakage port and the visual collaborative observation of the diffusion process of the oil phase in the soil body.

Inventors

  • YANG QIANG
  • SUN PENGFEI
  • WU QIUFAN
  • Zhou Huansu
  • CHEN YUHE

Assignees

  • 华东理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260309

Claims (7)

  1. 1. The utility model provides a buried submarine pipeline oil spilling analogue test device which characterized in that includes: The simulation test unit is used for constructing a physical model environment containing seawater, soil and pipelines and comprises a water tank (1) and a sediment containing device (2) arranged in the water tank (1); The sediment containing device (2) comprises four upright posts, bottom supporting feet fixed at the bottoms of the upright posts and a top bearing panel fixed at the tops of the upright posts, wherein the top bearing panel is provided with round holes; the oil overflow device comprises a sediment containing device (2), a simulated oil pipeline (4), at least one oil overflow hole (41) and an internal threaded hole (42), wherein the simulated oil pipeline (4) is horizontally arranged below a top bearing panel of the sediment containing device (2) and penetrates through a space between the four upright posts from left to right; A fluid supply unit connected to an inlet of the simulated oil pipeline (4) for supplying an oil phase to the simulated oil pipeline (4); The control unit is used for controlling the opening and closing states of the oil spilling holes (41) and comprises a pneumatic valve (51), an air compressor (52) for driving the pneumatic valve (51) and an electromagnetic valve (53) for controlling an air path, wherein the pneumatic valve (51) is arranged at the top of the simulated oil conveying pipeline (4), and the lower end of a valve body of the pneumatic valve is provided with external threads which are in sealing fit with the internal thread holes (42), so that the opening and closing of the pneumatic valve (51) can directly conduct or block an oil path of the oil spilling holes (41); And the observation unit comprises a high-speed camera (6) which is arranged in the water tank (1) in an alignment manner in the region of the transparent soil (3) and is used for recording the diffusion process of the oil phase in the transparent soil (3).
  2. 2. A buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid supply unit comprises an oil tank (71), a mechanical diaphragm metering pump (72) and a connecting pipeline, wherein the inlet of the mechanical diaphragm metering pump (72) is connected with the oil tank (71), and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the simulated oil pipeline (4) through the connecting pipeline.
  3. 3. The buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein a flowmeter (73) and a pressure gauge (74) are arranged on the connecting pipeline.
  4. 4. A buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it further comprises a sewer tank (75) for receiving the oil-water mixture discharged after the test.
  5. 5. A buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the observation unit further comprises a lighting system (61) providing uniform illumination of the shooting area of the high-speed camera (6).
  6. 6. The buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the water tank (1) is made of transparent materials.
  7. 7. A test method based on the buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of: S1, model construction, namely injecting simulated seawater into the water tank (1), filling transparent soil (3) into a top bearing panel of the sediment containing device (2), screwing the pneumatic valve (51) into an internal threaded hole (42) at the top of the simulated oil pipeline (4) to be connected in a sealing manner, and controlling the oil overflow hole (41) through the pneumatic valve (51); S2, preparing a system, namely starting the fluid supply unit, filling oil phase into the simulated oil delivery pipeline (4) and establishing preset pressure; S3, simulating oil spill, namely opening the pneumatic valve (51) through the control unit to enable oil phase to be discharged from the oil spill hole (41) and enter the transparent soil (3); S4, process observation and recording, namely synchronously recording the diffusion form of the oil phase in the transparent soil (3) through the high-speed camera (6); S5, dynamically regulating and controlling, namely changing the opening and closing states of the pneumatic valve (51) through the control unit in the test process, and simulating different oil spilling working conditions.

Description

Buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device and test method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering and environmental protection, in particular to an indoor physical model test device and method for simulating an oil spilling process after a buried submarine pipeline is damaged and researching the diffusion rule of an oil phase in a submarine soil body. Background Submarine pipelines are key facilities for marine oil and gas resource transportation, and the safe operation of the submarine pipelines is crucial. Once leakage occurs, serious ecological disasters and economic losses result. The accurate prediction of the range and degree of influence of oil spill is the basis for making emergency plans and performing risk assessment, which depends on deep understanding of the physical process of oil spill, in particular the migration behavior of oil phase in complex submarine media. At present, model test researches on oil spill of submarine pipelines have obvious defects. Firstly, the existing test device focuses on pipeline leakage of a suspended span in seawater, and spilled oil directly enters a water body. However, in actual engineering a large number of pipes are buried in the seabed sediment (i.e. the "buried" pipes) for stability. For such pipelines, leaked crude oil first undergoes infiltration, diffusion and migration processes in the soil pores before it can enter the overburden seawater. This critical "oil-soil action" phase cannot be effectively simulated in existing devices. Secondly, the traditional simulation method mostly adopts a fixed hole or continuous leakage mode, so that dynamic changes (such as intermittent leakage, leakage rate change and the like) of a leakage port caused by valve action, pressure fluctuation or external impact in a real scene are difficult to simulate, and the real-time and accurate control capability of a leakage process is lacking. Furthermore, tests using truly opaque soil bodies are limited by observation means, and the migration path of the oil phase inside the soil body, the front morphology and the details of its interaction with the soil particles cannot be observed directly and non-invasively. The process can often only be reversed by destructive sampling or measuring the final bleed, the data is rough and the mechanism is difficult to reveal. In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a test device that can truly simulate buried pipeline spilled oil, realize controllable leakage process, and visually observe the diffusion of oil phase in soil, so as to fill the technical gap in the field, and provide a reliable tool for scientific research and engineering application. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device and a test method which can simulate the buried submarine pipeline oil spill process with high fidelity, realize real-time accurate regulation and control of the oil spill state and intuitively observe the whole oil-soil interaction process. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in a first aspect, a buried submarine pipeline oil spill simulation test device includes: the simulation test unit is used for constructing a physical model environment containing seawater, soil and pipelines and comprises a water tank and a sediment containing device arranged in the water tank; The sediment containing device (2) comprises four upright posts, bottom supporting feet fixed at the bottoms of the upright posts and a top bearing panel fixed at the tops of the upright posts, wherein the top bearing panel is provided with round holes; The simulated oil pipeline is horizontally arranged below the top bearing panel of the sediment storage device and penetrates through the spaces among the four upright posts from left to right; the side wall of the simulated oil pipeline is provided with at least one oil overflow hole, and the position of the oil overflow hole corresponds to the round hole on the top bearing panel up and down; A fluid supply unit connected to an inlet of the simulated oil pipeline for supplying an oil phase to the simulated oil pipeline; The control unit is used for controlling the opening and closing states of the oil spilling holes and comprises a pneumatic valve, an air compressor for driving the pneumatic valve and an electromagnetic valve for controlling an air path, wherein the pneumatic valve is arranged at the top of the simulated oil conveying pipeline, and the lower end of a valve body of the pneumatic valve is provided with external threads which are in sealing fit with the internal threaded holes, so that the opening and closing of the pneumatic valve can directly conduct or block the oil path of the oil spilling holes; And the observation unit comprises a high-speed camera which is arranged in the transparent soil ar