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CN-122016209-A - Data acquisition and processing method for satellite micro-vibration ground test

CN122016209ACN 122016209 ACN122016209 ACN 122016209ACN-122016209-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration precision tests, and discloses a satellite micro-vibration ground test-oriented data acquisition and processing method. The micro-vibration signal measurement with high signal-to-noise ratio is realized by combining an analog-to-digital hybrid filtering architecture with an intelligent oversampling-decimation noise reduction technology. The method has the main technical advantages that a single specification sensor can be used for completing various test projects, and the dynamic parameter adjustment mechanism can automatically optimize the processing strategy according to the signal characteristics, so that the test adaptability is remarkably improved.

Inventors

  • HUANG LIANSHENG
  • HE HUINONG
  • ZHANG DONG
  • Dai Bingliang

Assignees

  • 杭州亿恒科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260122

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The data acquisition and processing method for satellite micro-vibration ground test is characterized by comprising the following steps: Acquiring an original vibration signal of each measuring point in a satellite micro-vibration test, wherein the original vibration signal is acquired by an acceleration sensor arranged on a satellite structure; Determining an adaptive oversampling multiple according to the frequency distribution characteristic of the original vibration signal and the target analysis bandwidth of the test item, and oversampling the original vibration signal based on the adaptive oversampling multiple to obtain an oversampling vibration signal; constructing a multi-stage analog-digital hybrid filter according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the target analysis bandwidth of the oversampled vibration signal, and performing filtering processing on the oversampled vibration signal to obtain a filtered vibration signal; According to the over-sampling multiple and the target analysis bandwidth of the filtering vibration signal, a dynamic extraction recovery strategy is designed, and the filtering vibration signal is recovered to the target sampling frequency to obtain a recovered vibration signal; And extracting micro-vibration transmission characteristic parameters of the satellite structure according to the time domain characteristics and the frequency domain characteristics of the recovered vibration signals, and evaluating the vibration suppression performance of the satellite structure based on the micro-vibration transmission characteristic parameters.
  2. 2. The method for collecting and processing data for satellite micro-vibration ground testing according to claim 1, wherein the determining the adaptive oversampling multiple according to the frequency distribution characteristic of the original vibration signal and the target analysis bandwidth of the test item comprises: Performing short-time Fourier transform on the original vibration signal to obtain frequency distribution spectrums of the original vibration signal in different time windows; according to the frequency distribution spectrum, counting a frequency component range, in which the energy ratio in the original vibration signal is larger than a preset energy threshold, and marking the frequency component range as an effective frequency range; calculating an initial oversampling multiple according to the ratio of the effective frequency range to the target analysis bandwidth; according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the original vibration signal, a signal-to-noise ratio compensation coefficient is obtained, and the signal-to-noise ratio compensation coefficient is calculated by the following steps: If the signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a first signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the signal-to-noise ratio compensation coefficient is a first preset value; if the signal to noise ratio is greater than or equal to a first signal to noise ratio threshold and less than a second signal to noise ratio threshold, the signal to noise ratio compensation coefficient is a second preset value; if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to a second signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the signal-to-noise ratio compensation coefficient is a third preset value; The first preset value is larger than the second preset value, and the second preset value is larger than the third preset value; And carrying out upward rounding on the product of the initial oversampling multiple and the signal-to-noise ratio compensation coefficient to obtain the self-adaptive oversampling multiple.
  3. 3. The method for collecting and processing data for satellite micro-vibration ground testing according to claim 1, wherein said constructing a multi-stage analog-digital hybrid filter according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the target analysis bandwidth of the oversampled vibration signal, and performing filtering processing on the oversampled vibration signal comprises: Designing an analog high-pass filter, wherein the cut-off frequency of the analog high-pass filter is dynamically adjusted according to the lowest effective frequency of the oversampled vibration signal, and the analog high-pass filter is used for filtering direct current components in the oversampled vibration signal to obtain an analog filtering signal; designing a digital low-pass filter, wherein the cut-off frequency of the digital low-pass filter is determined according to the product of the target analysis bandwidth and the self-adaptive oversampling multiple, and the digital low-pass filter is used for filtering high-frequency noise components in the analog filtering signal to obtain a digital filtering signal; Designing an adaptive band-pass filter, wherein the passband range of the adaptive band-pass filter is dynamically adjusted according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the oversampled vibration signal, and the adaptive band-pass filter is used for carrying out secondary filtering on the digital filtering signal to obtain the filtering vibration signal; the method for adjusting the passband range of the adaptive bandpass filter comprises the following steps: The signal-to-noise ratio of the digitally filtered signal is calculated, recording as the current signal-to-noise ratio; if the current signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the passband range is narrowed, and the narrowing amplitude is in direct proportion to the reciprocal of the current signal-to-noise ratio; And if the current signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, keeping the passband range unchanged.
  4. 4. The method for collecting and processing data for satellite micro-vibration ground testing according to claim 1, wherein the step of designing a dynamic extraction recovery strategy to recover the filtered vibration signal to a target sampling frequency according to the oversampling multiple of the filtered vibration signal and a target analysis bandwidth comprises the steps of: Dividing the filtering vibration signal into a plurality of data segments according to the self-adaptive oversampling multiple in time sequence, wherein the number of sampling points contained in each data segment is equal to the self-adaptive oversampling multiple; carrying out weighted average on sampling points in each data segment, wherein the weight of the weighted average is determined according to the position distribution of the sampling points in the data segment, and the weight meets a Gaussian distribution rule to obtain a preliminary extraction signal; And carrying out signal recovery filtering on the preliminary extraction signal, wherein the signal recovery filtering adopts a cascaded finite impulse response filter, and the order of the finite impulse response filter is dynamically adjusted according to the logarithm of the self-adaptive oversampling multiple to obtain the recovery vibration signal.
  5. 5. The method for collecting and processing data for satellite micro-vibration ground testing according to claim 1, wherein the extracting the micro-vibration transmission characteristic parameters of the satellite structure according to the time domain features and the frequency domain features of the recovered vibration signal comprises: Performing time domain analysis on the recovered vibration signal to obtain peak acceleration, root mean square acceleration and vibration duration of the recovered vibration signal; Performing frequency domain analysis on the recovered vibration signal to obtain a self-power spectral density function, a cross-power spectral density function and a frequency response function of the recovered vibration signal; extracting the main vibration frequency and the corresponding amplitude of the recovered vibration signal according to the self-power spectral density function, and recording the main vibration frequency and the corresponding amplitude as main vibration characteristic parameters; Calculating transfer functions of the recovered vibration signals between different measuring points according to the cross power spectral density function and the frequency response function, and recording the transfer functions as transfer characteristic parameters; And combining the main vibration characteristic parameter with the transmission characteristic parameter to obtain the micro-vibration transmission characteristic parameter.
  6. 6. The method for collecting and processing data for satellite-based microvibration ground test according to claim 5, wherein said estimating the vibration suppression performance of the satellite structure according to the microvibration transfer characteristic parameter comprises: Constructing a vibration transmission path model, wherein the vibration transmission path model takes the transmission characteristic parameter as an edge weight and the main vibration characteristic parameter as a node attribute; According to the vibration transmission path model, the vibration transmission attenuation rate from the disturbance source measuring point to the sensitive load measuring point is calculated, and the method for calculating the vibration transmission attenuation rate comprises the following steps: Multiplying the transmission characteristic parameters along each path in the vibration transmission path model to obtain the transmission gain of each path; Taking the minimum value of the transmission gains of all paths, and recording the minimum value as the vibration transmission attenuation rate; According to the comparison result of the vibration transmission attenuation rate and a preset attenuation threshold, the vibration suppression performance of the satellite structure is evaluated, and the evaluation method comprises the following steps: if the vibration transmission attenuation rate is larger than the preset attenuation threshold, judging that the vibration suppression performance of the satellite structure meets the requirement; and if the vibration transmission attenuation rate is smaller than or equal to the preset attenuation threshold, judging that the vibration suppression performance of the satellite structure does not meet the requirement, and marking a path with the lowest transmission gain in the vibration transmission path model as an optimization target path.
  7. 7. The method for collecting and processing satellite micro-vibration ground test data according to claim 3, wherein the method for dynamically adjusting the cut-off frequency of the analog high-pass filter comprises the following steps: Calculating an initial cut-off frequency according to the lowest effective frequency of the oversampled vibration signal, wherein the initial cut-off frequency is 0.8 times of the lowest effective frequency; According to the direct current component duty ratio of the oversampled vibration signal, the initial cut-off frequency is adjusted, and the direct current component duty ratio is calculated by the following method: performing Fourier transform on the oversampling vibration signal to obtain a frequency spectrum of the oversampling vibration signal; Calculating the ratio of the energy of the zero frequency component in the frequency spectrum to the total energy, and recording the ratio as the direct current component duty ratio; if the direct current component duty ratio is larger than a preset direct current threshold value, the initial cut-off frequency is adjusted upwards, and the up-adjustment amplitude is in direct proportion to the square of the direct current component duty ratio; and if the direct current component duty ratio is smaller than or equal to a preset direct current threshold value, keeping the initial cut-off frequency unchanged.
  8. 8. The method for collecting and processing satellite micro-vibration ground test-oriented data according to claim 4, wherein the method for dynamically adjusting the order of the finite impulse response filter comprises the steps of: Calculating an initial filter order according to the self-adaptive oversampling multiple, wherein the initial filter order is twice of the logarithm of the self-adaptive oversampling multiple; According to the signal-to-noise ratio of the preliminary extraction signal, the initial filter order is adjusted, and the adjustment method is as follows: If the signal-to-noise ratio of the preliminary extraction signal is smaller than a preset extraction signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the order of the initial filter is adjusted upwards, and the up-adjustment amplitude is in direct proportion to the reciprocal of the signal-to-noise ratio; and if the signal-to-noise ratio of the preliminary extraction signal is greater than or equal to a preset extraction signal-to-noise ratio threshold, keeping the order of the initial filter unchanged.
  9. 9. The method for data acquisition and processing for satellite-based microvibration ground testing according to claim 1, further comprising: According to the time domain characteristics of the recovered vibration signals, a vibration signal abnormality detection strategy is designed, and the vibration signal abnormality detection strategy is used for identifying abnormal vibration events in the recovered vibration signals; The implementation method of the vibration signal abnormality detection strategy comprises the following steps: Calculating local root mean square acceleration of the recovered vibration signal, wherein the local root mean square acceleration is a root mean square acceleration sequence calculated by taking a preset time window as a unit; carrying out sliding window analysis on the local root mean square acceleration sequence, obtaining the standard deviation of the local root mean square acceleration in each sliding window, and recording the standard deviation as the local vibration fluctuation degree; If the local vibration fluctuation degree is larger than a preset fluctuation threshold value, judging that an abnormal vibration event exists in the recovered vibration signal in a corresponding time window, and recording the starting time, the duration time and the peak acceleration of the abnormal vibration event; transmitting the information of the abnormal vibration event to a user computer, and marking the abnormal vibration event in a time axis form in a display interface of the user computer.

Description

Data acquisition and processing method for satellite micro-vibration ground test Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of vibration precision tests, in particular to a data acquisition and processing method for satellite micro-vibration ground tests. Background The imaging quality of high resolution earth-looking satellites during in-orbit operation is directly related to success or failure of a mission. With the increasing demands of satellite optical loading resolution, micro-vibration interference has become a key factor affecting imaging quality. On satellite platforms, flywheel components, solar wing drive mechanisms (SADA), refrigerators, control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs) and the like produce micro-amplitude vibrations in operation, typically in the order of 1-100 μg. These small vibrations are transmitted to the optical load through the satellite structure, and even very weak vibrations can cause degradation of imaging quality, degradation of resolution, and serious impact on the satellite's observability. When the satellite works in orbit, tiny vibration (as low as 1-100 mug) generated by flywheel components, solar wing driving mechanisms, refrigerators and other devices can directly influence the imaging quality of optical load, so the precision of the tiny vibration test is important. However, the conventional testing method needs to configure sensors with various sensitivity specifications (such as 500mV/g, 1000mV/g, 10000mV/g and the like) for different frequency ranges and vibration magnitudes, so that the input cost of testing equipment is greatly increased, and frequent sensor replacement and repeated calibration work in the testing process are caused. In a practical test environment, technicians often need to install hundreds of sensors on one satellite, and each time a test item is changed, the sensors must be reconfigured, pasted and calibrated, which greatly prolongs the test period. Meanwhile, the prior art has obvious measurement accuracy contradiction that although the high-sensitivity sensor can capture weak vibration, saturation distortion is often generated due to overlarge amplitude in the satellite function test (such as attitude control test) process, and the low-sensitivity sensor has wide application range, but has poor measurement result reliability due to insufficient signal-to-noise ratio when measuring micro vibration of a key optical component. In addition, the traditional pure analog filtering scheme is limited by hardware implementation complexity, is difficult to realize high-order and diversified filtering characteristics, and cannot effectively cope with complex vibration signals and environmental noise interference. In practical satellite integration test, the problems cause insufficient reliability of test data, prolonged test period and increased test cost, and severely restrict the accuracy of satellite development efficiency and performance verification. In view of the above, the present invention provides a data acquisition and processing method for satellite micro-vibration ground test to solve the above-mentioned problems. Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the defects in the prior art and achieve the purposes, the invention provides a data acquisition and processing method for satellite micro-vibration ground test, which comprises the following steps: Acquiring an original vibration signal of each measuring point in a satellite micro-vibration test, wherein the original vibration signal is acquired by an acceleration sensor arranged on a satellite structure; Determining an adaptive oversampling multiple according to the frequency distribution characteristic of the original vibration signal and the target analysis bandwidth of the test item, and oversampling the original vibration signal based on the adaptive oversampling multiple to obtain an oversampling vibration signal; constructing a multi-stage analog-digital hybrid filter according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the target analysis bandwidth of the oversampled vibration signal, and performing filtering processing on the oversampled vibration signal to obtain a filtered vibration signal; According to the over-sampling multiple and the target analysis bandwidth of the filtering vibration signal, a dynamic extraction recovery strategy is designed, and the filtering vibration signal is recovered to the target sampling frequency to obtain a recovered vibration signal; And extracting micro-vibration transmission characteristic parameters of the satellite structure according to the time domain characteristics and the frequency domain characteristics of the recovered vibration signals, and evaluating the vibration suppression performance of the satellite structure based on the micro-vibration transmission characteristic parameters. The data acquisition and processing method for satellite micro-vibration ground test has the technical effects and advantages that: according to the