CN-122016288-A - Electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device and use method

CN122016288ACN 122016288 ACN122016288 ACN 122016288ACN-122016288-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device and a use method thereof, relating to the technical field of numerical control machine tool performance test, the device comprises a support shell, a simulation knife handle, a cooling device, a torque loading device, an axial force loading device and a radial force loading device, wherein the support shell comprises a box body and mounting shafts symmetrically distributed on two sides of the box body, and a plurality of groups of U-shaped mounting grooves are formed in the outer side of the box body. By integrating the three independent loading devices of axial force, radial force and torque, the working conditions of force and torque borne by the main shaft in the cutting process can be simulated under the actual assembly state of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, so that the performance test result is closer to the actual processing state, and powerful theory and data support are provided for design verification and performance optimization of the main shaft and the whole machine.

Inventors

GUO JINYAN
JIN YUANJUN
CHEN CHUANHAI
ZHANG LIANG
LIU ZHIFENG
TIAN HAILONG
MENG QINGYU
NIU NANA

Assignees

吉林大学
吉林大学重庆研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260324

Claims (6)

1. The electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device is characterized by comprising a support shell, a simulation tool handle (1), a cooling device, a torque loading device, an axial force loading device and a radial force loading device, wherein the support shell comprises a box body (7) and mounting shafts (8) symmetrically distributed on two sides of the box body (7), and a plurality of groups of U-shaped mounting grooves are formed in the outer side of the box body (7); The torque loading device comprises a planetary joint module (3) arranged in a box body (7), the output end of the planetary joint module (3) is connected with the bottom of the simulated knife handle (1) through a coupler (6), and the planetary joint module (3) is electrically connected with an external controller; The cooling device comprises a water cooling jacket shell (18), a water cooling jacket (19) and an end cover (20), wherein the water cooling jacket (19) is pressed inside the water cooling jacket shell (18), the outer side of the simulated knife handle (1) is sequentially connected with a bearing retainer ring (22), a deep groove ball bearing (21) and an axial locking nut (23) from top to bottom, a central through hole of the water cooling jacket (19) is in interference fit with the end cover (20) and the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing (21), and the end cover (20) abuts against the bottom surface of the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing (21); the axial force loading device and the radial force loading device are arranged in the box body (7) and are respectively used for applying axial acting force and axial acting force perpendicular to the simulation tool handle (1).
2. The electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of guide posts (14) are fixedly arranged in the box body (7), a lifting plate (13) is arranged between the guide posts (14) in a sliding mode, the lifting plate (13) is in sliding connection with the guide posts (14) through linear bearings (15), the position of the lifting plate (13) on the guide posts (14) is adjusted and locked through threaded fixing rings (16), and the center of the lifting plate (13) is fixedly connected with a water cooling jacket shell (18); the radial force loading device comprises two first air cylinders (9) which are oppositely arranged, the two first air cylinders (9) are respectively located at two sides of the simulated knife handle (1) and are fixedly connected with the box body (7), a first force sensor (10) is arranged at the output end of the first air cylinder (9), one end of the first force sensor (10) is connected with the output end of the first air cylinder (9), an axial baffle (11) is fixedly connected with the other end of the first force sensor (10), the two axial baffles (11) are respectively located at two sides of the lifting plate (13), and the first force sensor (10) and a driving device of the first air cylinder (9) are electrically connected with an external controller.
3. The electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the axial force loading device comprises a second air cylinder (24) fixed at the bottom of the inner side of the box body (7), the output end of the second air cylinder (24) is connected with one end of a second force sensor (25), the other end of the second force sensor (25) is connected with an air cylinder guide rod (27), one end of the air cylinder guide rod (27) away from the second force sensor (25) is connected with an air cylinder floating guide mechanism (26) positioned at the bottom of the lifting plate (13), the air cylinder floating guide mechanism (26) comprises a connecting seat and a connecting plate which are hinged together, the connecting seat is fixedly connected with the air cylinder guide rod (27), the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the bottom of the lifting plate (13), and the driving device of the second force sensor (25) and the second air cylinder (24) is electrically connected with an external controller.
4. The electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that an axial mounting plate (17) is fixedly arranged between the plurality of guide posts (14), a zipper motor seat (12) is fixedly arranged on the axial mounting plate (17), the planetary joint module (3) is fixed on the zipper motor seat (12), the output end of the planetary joint module (3) is connected with a flange shaft (5) through a bolt and a locating pin, and the flange shaft (5) is fixedly connected with a coupler (6).
5. The electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device according to claim 4, wherein the planetary joint module (3) comprises a servo motor and a planetary reducer, the output end of the servo motor is connected with the input end of the planetary reducer, the output end of the planetary reducer is connected with the flange shaft (5) through a bolt and a locating pin, the radial supporting shell (4) is fixedly arranged outside the planetary joint module (3), and the radial supporting shell (4) is fixedly connected with the box body (7).
6. The application method of the electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1, researching various parameters of a tested motorized spindle under actual use conditions, and providing reference for parameter setting; Step 2, determining the maximum test load according to the investigation result in the step 1, setting the test environment condition, and adjusting the working parameters and the loading speed of the device according to the test load, so as to ensure the compliance with the actual operation condition and improve the authenticity of the test environment; Step 3, starting the tested machine tool, closing a chip removal and cooling system, continuously running the main shaft at 80% of the highest rotating speed for 2 hours under the condition of not mounting the tool handle and no load, stopping to achieve the heat balance state of the machine tool, mounting the simulated tool handle (1) into a taper hole of the main shaft of the tested machine tool, tensioning and fixing, and then firmly mounting the device on a machine tool workbench or a machine tool body by utilizing a U-shaped mounting groove on the box body (7) or mounting shafts (8) on two sides of the box body (7); Step 4, after initial load parameters are set, starting a tested machine tool spindle, a torque loading device, a radial force loading device and an axial force loading device in sequence, monitoring data of a first force sensor (10) and a second force sensor (25) and the running state of the spindle in real time through an external controller, gradually increasing the rotating speed to 80% of the maximum rotating speed of the spindle according to a set gradient, and gradually increasing the radial force and the axial force to the maximum test load determined in the step 2; step 5, if no abnormality exists in the operation process of the step 4, stopping the tested machine tool and the device, and measuring initial performance indexes of the main shaft of the tested machine tool in the current state by using an external rotation precision measuring system, a ball arm instrument and a temperature measuring instrument; And 6, restarting the device and the tested machine tool, entering the test environment conditions set in the step 2, and independently or synchronously controlling the first air cylinder (9), the second air cylinder (24) and the planetary joint module (3) by the device, applying complex dynamic load through the simulation tool handle (1), and simulating the multi-axis coupling load condition in the real machining process.

Description

Electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device and use method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool performance test, in particular to an electromechanical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device and a use method. Background The dynamic performance of the high-speed motorized spindle is a key representation of modal characteristics, thermal state precision and vibration characteristics, and the stability, processing quality and reliability of the machine tool in the high-speed rotation and high-precision processing process are directly determined by the advantages and disadvantages of the dynamic performance. At present, most of the performance testing devices for the functional components of the high-end numerical control machine tool are bench test devices, and the devices are usually used for carrying out independent test on single functional components, so that the working environment of linkage of a mechanical structure integrated with the machine tool and the whole machine is eliminated, and the performance change of the functional components under the influence of multi-load coupling, multi-source vibration transmission and multi-position thermal deformation factors cannot be simulated. Therefore, an electromechanical coupling type main shaft full-working-condition dynamic characteristic simulation device and a use method thereof are provided. Disclosure of Invention The mechanical-electrical coupling type main shaft working condition dynamic characteristic simulation device comprises a support shell, a simulation tool handle, a cooling device, a torque loading device, an axial force loading device and a radial force loading device, wherein the support shell comprises a box body and mounting shafts symmetrically distributed on two sides of the box body, and a plurality of groups of U-shaped mounting grooves are formed in the outer side of the box body; The torque loading device comprises a planetary joint module which is arranged in the box body, the output end of the planetary joint module is connected with the bottom of the simulated knife handle through a coupler, and the planetary joint module is electrically connected with an external controller; the cooling device comprises a water cooling jacket shell, a water cooling jacket and an end cover, wherein the water cooling jacket is pressed inside the water cooling jacket shell, the outer side of the simulated knife handle is sequentially connected with a bearing retainer ring, a deep groove ball bearing and an axial locking nut from top to bottom, a central through hole of the water cooling jacket is in interference fit with the end cover and the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing, and the end cover is propped against the bottom surface of the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing; the axial force loading device and the radial force loading device are arranged in the box body and are respectively used for applying axial acting force and axial acting force perpendicular to the simulation knife handle. Preferably, a plurality of guide posts are fixedly arranged in the box body, a lifting plate is arranged between the plurality of guide posts in a sliding mode, the lifting plate is in sliding connection with the guide posts through linear bearings, the position of the lifting plate on the guide posts is adjusted and locked through a threaded fixing ring, and the center of the lifting plate is fixedly connected with the water cooling jacket shell; The radial force loading device comprises two first air cylinders which are oppositely arranged, the two first air cylinders are respectively positioned at two sides of the simulated knife handle and are fixedly connected with the box body, a first force sensor is arranged at the output end of the first air cylinder, one end of the first force sensor is connected with the output end of the first air cylinder, the other end of the first force sensor is fixedly connected with an axial baffle plate, the two axial baffle plates are respectively positioned at two sides of the lifting plate, and the first force sensor and a driving device of the first air cylinder are electrically connected with an external controller. Preferably, the axial force loading device comprises a second cylinder fixed at the bottom of the inner side of the box body, the output end of the second cylinder is connected with one end of a second force sensor, the other end of the second force sensor is connected with a cylinder guide rod, one end of the cylinder guide rod, which is far away from the second force sensor, is connected with a cylinder floating guide mechanism positioned at the bottom of the lifting plate, the cylinder floating guide mechanism comprises a connecting seat and a connecting plate which are hinged together, the connecting seat is fixedly connected wit