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CN-122016519-A - Dynamic impact test device and method for integral movement of one-dimensional discrete block rock mass

CN122016519ACN 122016519 ACN122016519 ACN 122016519ACN-122016519-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics and engineering, and provides a dynamic impact test device and a method for the integral movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass, wherein the technical scheme is that an axial pressure loading device is arranged on one side of a device body and is used for applying axial load to a rock mass model; the device comprises a device body, a power loading device, a data acquisition system, an acceleration sensor, a force sensor and a strain measurement analysis module, wherein the device body is arranged on the other side of the device body, the device body comprises an electric vibration exciter, a force sensor and a loading rod which are symmetrically arranged on a reaction frame, the electric vibration exciter is in contact with a rock mass model through the loading rod and is used for applying horizontal impact load or a combination of the horizontal impact load and impact moment to act on the rock mass model, the acceleration sensor is arranged on the rock mass model, the force sensor is arranged on the loading rod, and the whole translation and rotation measurement power impact test result of one-dimensional discrete block rock mass under different load application conditions is obtained based on the strain measurement analysis module. The real dynamic behavior of the rock mass is comprehensively reflected.

Inventors

  • JIANG KUAN
  • WANG GUANTONG
  • HU XIAOYUE
  • FU YU
  • SHI SHAOSHUAI

Assignees

  • 山东大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260331

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The dynamic impact test device for the integral movement of the one-dimensional discrete block rock mass is characterized by comprising a device body, wherein the device body comprises a rigid frame (7) and a counter-force frame (9), a plurality of central shafts (1) are fixed between the rigid frame (7), gaps are formed between each pair of central shafts (1) and are used for accommodating a rock mass model (2), and the rolling shaft (3) is fixedly connected with the rock mass model (2) and slides relative to the central shafts (1); the axial pressure loading device is arranged on one side of the device body and is used for applying axial load to the rock mass model (2); The power loading device is arranged on the other side of the device body and comprises an electric vibration exciter (8), a force sensor (13) and a loading rod (12) which are symmetrically arranged on the reaction frame (9), wherein the electric vibration exciter (8) is contacted with the rock mass model (2) through the loading rod (12) and is used for applying horizontal impact load or the combination of the horizontal impact load and the impact moment to act on the rock mass model (2); The data acquisition system comprises an acceleration sensor (14), a force sensor (13) and a strain measurement analysis module (15), wherein the acceleration sensor (14) is arranged on a rock mass model (2), the force sensor (13) is arranged on a loading rod (12), and based on acquired acceleration sensing data and force sensing data, a dynamic impact test result of one-dimensional discrete block rock mass under different load application conditions is obtained.
  2. 2. A dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block-based rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the rock mass model (2) comprises a plurality of rock samples of equal size and weak structural layers, between adjacent rock samples being placed a filler for simulating the weak structural layers in the rock mass.
  3. 3. A dynamic impact test device for the integral movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass according to claim 2, wherein a through hole is drilled in the central part of the rock sample, the diameter of the hole is larger than that of a rolling shaft (3), and the rolling shaft (3) is centrally arranged in the hole and is fixed with the rock sample.
  4. 4. A one-dimensional discrete block-based rock mass whole movement power impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial pressure loading device comprises a loading hydraulic cylinder (4), a hydraulic servo control system (5) and a loading plate (6), wherein one end of the loading hydraulic cylinder (4) is fixed to the rigid frame (7), the other end is fixed to the loading plate (6), the loading hydraulic cylinder (4) is connected with the rock mass model (2) through the loading plate (6), and the loading hydraulic cylinder (4) and the hydraulic servo control system (5) are used for applying axial pressure to the rock mass model (2) to simulate ground stress.
  5. 5. The power impact test device for the integral movement of the one-dimensional discrete block rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the power loading device further comprises a first sliding rail (10) arranged on a reaction frame (9), and the first sliding rail (10) is in sliding connection with the reaction frame (9) and is used for adjusting the action position of the electric vibration exciter (8).
  6. 6. A one-dimensional discrete block rock mass whole movement power impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial compression loading device further comprises a second slide rail (11) arranged on the rigid frame, the second slide rail and the rigid frame are in sliding connection, and the second slide rail (11) is used for adapting to different loading positions of the loading hydraulic cylinder (4) on the rock mass model (2) through the movement of the second slide rail in the vertical direction.
  7. 7. A dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric vibration exciter (8) can be independently controlled or synchronously controlled, and when independently controlled, provides a controllable horizontal impact load and impact moment to the rock mass model, and when synchronously controlled, provides an unbiased horizontal impact load to the rock mass model.
  8. 8. A dynamic impact test device for the integral movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the rigid frame (7) is provided with an opening (15), and the loading rod (12) passes through the opening (15) to be in contact with the rock mass model (2).
  9. 9. A dynamic impact test method for the integral movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass, which is based on the dynamic impact test device for the integral movement of the one-dimensional discrete block rock mass according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a standard-size rock sample, cutting a pore channel in the center of the rock sample, and centering and fixing a rolling shaft (3) in the pore channel; S2, selecting a groove according to a test size, installing a lower central shaft (1), placing a rock mass fixed with a rolling shaft (3) and a weak structural layer on the lower central shaft (1), and installing and fixing an upper central shaft (1) to form a rock mass model (2); s3, arranging a data acquisition system for acquiring data; S4, adjusting the axial pressure loading device and the power loading device to preset positions, and gradually applying axial load through the axial pressure loading device; And S5, applying a preset impact load or a combination of a horizontal impact load and an impact moment through the power loading device, and simultaneously measuring and recording the power response of the rock mass model (2) by utilizing the data acquisition system.
  10. 10. The method for dynamic impact test of integral movement of one-dimensional discrete block rock mass according to claim 9, characterized in that in S4, the axial pressure loading device comprises two loading hydraulic cylinders (4) which are symmetrically installed and are uniformly controlled by a hydraulic servo control system (5), the loading hydraulic cylinders (4) provide counter force through a rigid frame (7), the positions of the loading hydraulic cylinders can move in the vertical direction through a second sliding rail (11) to adapt to different loading positions, and the sides of the loading hydraulic cylinders (4) are contacted with a rock mass model (2) through a loading plate (6), so that axial pressure is applied to simulate ground stress.

Description

Dynamic impact test device and method for integral movement of one-dimensional discrete block rock mass Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics and engineering, and particularly relates to a dynamic impact test device and method for integral movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass. Background The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art. Rock mass is taken as a natural geologic body, is not a complete continuous medium, but is cut by weak structural layers (called weak layers for short) such as faults, joints, cracks, fissures, fillers and the like, and discrete block rock mass with a complex hierarchical structure is formed. The presence of these weak layers makes the rock mass under static or dynamic loading exhibit significant non-uniformity in deformation, with deformation being concentrated mainly near the weak layers where mechanical properties are weak, and less for the relatively complete rock mass itself. The deformation mechanism provides geological and mechanical possibilities for the overall translation and rotation of the rock mass on a macroscopic scale, and can induce nonlinear wave phenomena specific to deep rock mass, such as pendulum waves and rotation waves. A wobble wave is a nonlinear displacement wave generated by the overall motion of a large scale rock mass. Compared with the traditional continuous medium stress wave, the pendulum wave has the characteristics of low frequency, low speed, large displacement amplitude, high kinetic energy and the like. The wave can carry huge kinetic energy, and can easily induce severe dynamic response of deep rock mass in the propagation process, so that the wave is an important potential mechanism for causing dynamic disasters of rock masses such as rock burst, engineering earthquake and the like. Such disasters caused by the integral movement of the rock mass relate to the integral instability of the underground structure, and the mechanism is difficult to fully explain by using the traditional continuous medium mechanics theory based on infinitesimal deformation. Therefore, development of a new test device and development of a new test method are urgently required to explore the dynamic characteristics and discontinuous deformation behaviors of discrete block rock mass. In situ observations and studies provide direct evidence for discontinuous movement of the rock mass. The scholars find that the rock mass has a 'variable sign displacement response' phenomenon under the power impact through the field test, and observe remarkable angular deformation, which indicates that the rock mass not only translates, but also rotates with considerable. The prior art indicates that the rock mass generates motions mainly including translational motions in a mutually compact state when in explosion, in a classical continuous medium mechanics theory framework, the rotational motions of the rock mass are often ignored, and the rotational motions have important influences on dynamic deformation and stress wave propagation of discrete rock mass and cannot be ignored in theory, test and engineering; in the aspect of experimental study, many students have studied pendulum wave propagation, dynamic deformation and the like in a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass through a model test. However, most of the existing test devices have obvious limitations and cannot fully reflect the real dynamic behavior of the rock mass, namely, firstly, the rotation freedom degree of the rock mass around the mass center of the rock mass is not considered generally, the translational and rotational coupling motion measurement cannot be realized, secondly, a mechanism for effectively simulating the initial ground stress (static confining pressure) environment of the underground rock mass is lacking, and furthermore, controllable moment cannot be applied to the rock mass in a block system so as to study the dynamic response under the action of torque. In addition, existing equipment is generally difficult to reproduce irreversible displacement phenomena such as crack opening and the like which can be generated by a rock mass contact interface after strong dynamic disturbance. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve at least one technical problem in the background art, the first aspect of the invention provides a dynamic impact test device for the integral movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass, which can well simulate the structural characteristics, ground stress, rotation wave and multi-factor coupling effect of the rock mass, obtain the integral translation and rotation measurement dynamic impact test results of the one-dimensional discrete block rock mass under different load application conditions, and has important significance for researching the dynamic characteristics of deep rock mass, exploring the integ