CN-122016528-A - Impact rock drilling test device and method with simultaneous multi-parameter while drilling and acoustic vibration response

CN122016528ACN 122016528 ACN122016528 ACN 122016528ACN-122016528-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an impact rock drilling test device with synchronous multi-parameter while drilling and acoustic vibration response and a method thereof, which belong to the technical field of rock drilling engineering tests and solve the problem that the conventional test device is difficult to truly and independently simulate the cooperative relationship of impact, propulsion and rotation in the actual rock drilling process. The invention forms a multistage mechanical filter chain of 'impact source-elastic energy storage-damping dissipation-inertial isolation-low frequency servo', high-frequency impact energy is effectively limited in a drill rod and rock sample area, and impact disturbance is prevented from being transmitted into a propulsion servo system along a rigid path, so that effective decoupling of impact loading and propulsion loading is realized on a structural level. At the same time, the rotary loading unit achieves physical decoupling from axial impact and thrust loads through separate hollow rotating shaft structures, which act on the drill rod and rock sample through separate axial force transmission paths, without being transmitted via the rotary transmission path.

Inventors

CUI JINGQI
CHU CHAOQUN
WU SHUNCHUAN
SUN BEIBEI

Assignees

北京科技大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260226

Claims (10)

1. An impact rock drilling test device with synchronous multi-parameter while drilling and acoustic vibration response, which is characterized by comprising: A filter assembly for absorbing and isolating axial impact loads and propulsion loads; the pushing servo executing unit is fixedly connected with the top of the filtering component and used for pushing the filtering component to move up and down; the impact servo loading unit is fixedly connected with the bottom of the filtering component and is used for providing impact load; The rotary loading unit comprises a motor arranged at the bottom of the impact servo loading unit and a hollow rotating shaft in transmission connection with the motor, the hollow rotating shaft is in transmission connection with a drill rod through a sliding spline, and a drill bit for breaking rock samples at the bottom of the drill rod is arranged on the drill rod; a rock sample fixing piece which is positioned at the bottom of the drill rod and used for fixing the rock sample; The monitoring assembly comprises a vibration sensor assembly used for collecting vibration signals generated by the drill rod and a sound pressure sensor used for collecting sound pressure signals generated by the rock sample in the impact crushing process, wherein the vibration sensor assembly, the sound pressure sensor, the propulsion servo execution unit, the impact servo loading unit and the rotation loading unit are all in signal connection with an upper computer, and the upper computer is used for controlling and receiving multiple parameters while drilling of the rotation loading unit.
2. The impact rock drilling test device with synchronous multi-parameter while drilling and acoustic vibration response according to claim 1, wherein the filtering assembly comprises a propelling loading mass block, a hydraulic buffer mechanism and an elastic supporting piece which are fixedly connected with each other in sequence from top to bottom, and the propelling loading mass block is fixedly connected with a propelling servo executing unit.
3. The impact rock drilling test device with synchronous multi-parameter while drilling and acoustic vibration response according to claim 2, further comprising a supporting structure, wherein the pushing servo executing unit, the pushing loading mass block, the hydraulic buffer mechanism, the elastic supporting piece, the rotary loading unit and the rock sample fixing piece are sequentially arranged in a frame main body of the supporting structure from top to bottom.
4. A control method applied to the impact rock drilling test device with synchronous multi-parameter while drilling and acoustic vibration response as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the steps of: s100, designing structural parameters of an impact rock drilling test device based on a preset decoupling capacity evaluation index, and completing assembly of the impact rock drilling test device based on the structural parameters; s200, respectively carrying out initialization setting and control parameter setting on a propulsion servo executing unit, a rotary loading unit and an impact servo loading unit; S300, starting a propulsion servo execution unit and a rotary loading unit to enable the drill bit and the rock to enter a pre-loaded working condition; S400, starting an impact servo loading unit, and periodically loading axial impact load to the drill bit; S500, identifying each impact event in the impact load loading process, and synchronously collecting a multi-source response data set comprising sound pressure, vibration and parameter data while drilling by taking the impact event as a time anchor point.
5. The control method according to claim 4, wherein the design method of the structural parameters is: s110, drawing up structural parameters; s120, calculating the impact equivalent natural circular frequency of the impact servo loading unit based on the formulated structural parameters And the thrust servo executing unit and the thrust rotary servo equivalent natural circular frequency of the rotary loading unit And calculate And Is equivalent to the frequency ratio of (2) ; S130, judging Whether or not it is greater than or equal to a preset frequency ratio threshold If yes, entering S140, otherwise returning to S110 to re-plan the structural parameters; And S140, calculating a decoupling capacity evaluation index of the impact rock drilling test device, and optimizing the equivalent damping ratio of the propulsion loading mass block by taking the maximized decoupling capacity evaluation index as an objective function.
6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein an impact equivalent natural circular frequency is calculated Equivalent natural circular frequency of propulsion rotary servo And equivalent frequency ratio The expressions of (2) are respectively: ; ; ; Wherein, the Equivalent stiffness for the elastic support; To propel the equivalent mass of the loading mass; The total mass of the structure which participates in impact vibration together with the elastic support piece in the impact rock drilling test device; Equivalent stiffness for advancing the servo execution unit and the rotary loading unit; To advance the equivalent mass of all moving parts in the servo-actuator unit and the rotary loading unit.
7. The control method according to claim 6, wherein the expression for calculating the decoupling capacity evaluation index is: ; Wherein, the Is an evaluation index of decoupling capacity; Is the amplitude attenuation coefficient; Is the frequency of the impact load; To boost the equivalent damping ratio of the loading mass.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein when the impact loading unit generates an impact event, the feedback signals of the propulsion servo unit and the rotary loading unit are input into the adaptive notch filter, the adaptive notch filter filters the impact disturbance signals generated by the impact event, and the filtered signals are input into the upper computer, so that the upper computer maintains the servo control of the propulsion servo unit and the rotary loading unit.
9. The method for controlling a multi-parameter while drilling and synchronous vibro-acoustic response impact drilling test apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the filtering of the adaptive notch filter is expressed as: ; Wherein, the Is the output signal of the adaptive notch filter; Is a transfer function of the adaptive notch filter; A feedback signal for input to the adaptive notch filter; Is a complex frequency domain variable; And The optimal damping coefficients for determining the notch depth and for determining the notch bandwidth, respectively.
10. The control method of claim 4, wherein the method of collecting the multisource response dataset is: s510, acquiring a physical trigger signal generated by an impact servo loading unit when a single impact event is generated, and taking the physical trigger signal as a deterministic time anchor point of the single impact event; S520, performing delay compensation on the physical trigger signal, and compensating propagation delay of shock waves in a drill rod and group delay of electric signals of a monitoring assembly; and S530, taking the time point after time delay compensation as a center, and expanding and setting a synchronous acquisition time window with a fixed length forwards and backwards, wherein the upper computer acquires the multisource response data set in each synchronous acquisition time window.

Description

Impact rock drilling test device and method with simultaneous multi-parameter while drilling and acoustic vibration response Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of drilling engineering tests, in particular to a device and a method for impact drilling test with synchronous multi-parameter while drilling and acoustic vibration response. Background Impact rock drilling is used as one of the most common drilling modes in a drilling and blasting method tunnel, a underground chamber and mine engineering, and the basic mechanism is to realize the crushing and slag discharge of rock mass through the synergistic effect of high-frequency impact load, rotary cutting and axial propelling. In percussive drilling, the drilling system is not only subjected to cyclic impact loads and continuous propulsion and rotation loads, but also accompanies the dynamic response of sound waves and vibrations, etc. excited by rock mass destruction and energy release. These multisource response characteristics are closely related to rock mass strength, structural integrity, fracture development and fracture state, and are important information carriers for revealing impact rock drilling mechanisms and inverting rock mass properties. As tunnels and underground engineering evolve towards deep burial, large sections and complex geological conditions, intelligent perception and parameter optimization of the percussive rock drilling process gradually become research hotspots. The rock mass property is identified based on the while-drilling parameters and the dynamic response signals, and the crushing state is estimated, so that the method has become an important research direction in the field of rock drilling engineering. Around the above-mentioned goal, a great deal of research work has been carried out in the aspects of impact rock drilling mechanism, drilling parameter regulation and control, while-drilling information utilization, etc. both domestic and foreign. In the aspect of research means, the current experimental research on the impact rock drilling process mainly comprises two approaches of engineering field monitoring and indoor physical tests. The engineering field monitoring can acquire drilling parameters and partial dynamic response information under real working conditions, but is influenced by factors such as complex geological conditions, uncontrollable construction working conditions, variable running states of equipment and the like, high coupling among impact frequency, impact energy, propulsion conditions and rotation parameters is difficult to realize independent regulation and control of single parameters, the repeatability of test conditions is poor, and the system is not beneficial to analyzing the action rules of all factors in the impact rock drilling process. In contrast, the indoor physical test has the advantages of controllable environment, adjustable parameters, high repeatability and the like, and gradually becomes an important means for researching the impact rock drilling mechanism. The existing indoor impact rock drilling test device can be mainly classified into the following categories: The first type of device is the subject of investigation in a single action, for example by applying an axial impact load to the rock sample with a drop hammer, impact hammer or electromagnetic impact device, or by conducting static or quasi-static drilling tests with a rotary drill bit. The device has a relatively simple structure, but cannot simulate the synergistic effect of impact, rotation and propulsion in the actual impact rock drilling process, and the test result is greatly different from the engineering reality. The second device can realize rotary drilling and axial propelling loading under indoor conditions, controls propelling displacement or speed through a servo system, and synchronously collects drilling parameters such as torque, rotating speed and the like. However, such devices generally do not have a true high frequency impact loading capability, or approximate impact effects only through a low frequency periodic loading mode, and it is difficult to reflect transient impact characteristics of a single impact event on the rock mass destruction process. To solve the above problems, a third class of devices introduces a percussive loading module on a rotational and thrust basis, trying to simulate the percussive drilling process in indoor conditions. However, in the existing solutions, the impact loading mode is often directly coupled with the propulsion system or the rotary transmission system at the structural or control level, and the impact load is often transmitted through the propulsion servo actuator or the rotary transmission path. The coupling mode easily causes severe fluctuation of propelling force, rotating speed and torque in the impact loading process, so that a control system is unstable, the parameter control precision is reduced, and even the safety and the reli